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1.
Soil and plant samples were collected in four fringe marsh zones (i.e., A, B, C and D zones) along a pedogenic chronosequence in the Pearl River estuary in the Spring of 2009. Samples were subjected to a total digestion technique and analyzed for P, Ca, Al and Fe in order to study the changes of nutrient contents, storages in soils and their bioavailabilities to wetland plants (e.g. Cyperus malaccensis) in four zones. Results showed that soil Ca increased with depth along soil profiles, while P, Al and Fe generally kept constant in soil profiles in four zones. Al and Fe contents in the top 10 cm soils showed significant decreases from D to A zone, while a significant increase in Ca contents (P<0.05). Significant increases along pedogenic chronosequence for P, Al and Fe at 30-40 cm soil horizons were also observed. Ca was mainly accumulated in plant aboveground parts; Al and Fe were accumulated in the belowground parts; while P was homogenously distributed among the tissues of C. malaccensis. C. malaccensis in D zone had lower Bio-concentration factors (BCFs) of P in the shoots and Al and Fe in the roots, and higher values of Ca in the shoots than those in older zones (P<0.05). Compared to Al and Fe, both Ca and P had relatively higher translocation capacities for C. malaccensis, while only lower TFs for P and higher values for Al and Fe in D zone were observed than those in A and B zones (P<0.05). Except for Al with no significant changes, the total BCFs for P and Fe showed an increasing trend with soil ages, while a decreasing trend for Ca. The total bio-storage factors (TBSFs) of P and Ca declined with the pedogenic time, whereas an increase for Fe. The results of this study can contribute to the wetland conservation and management in the Pearl River estuarine region.  相似文献   

2.
目前对于沉水植物碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)化学计量学的野外研究主要集中在中营养或富营养化水体,而对于贫营养水体中沉水植物C、N和P的积累特征研究较少.基于对贫营养湖泊抚仙湖沉水植物的调查,研究抚仙湖9种常见沉水植物C、N和P化学计量学特征及其种间和种内差异.结果表明:1)抚仙湖沉水植物主要分布在湖岸浅水区域,分布水深范围为0.5~14.0 m,平均分布水深为3.6 m;2)抚仙湖沉水植物地上部分C、N和P含量平均值分别为381.89、18.59和2.13 mg/g,N∶P比平均值为9.21,且C、N和P含量之间呈显著正相关;3)抚仙湖沉水植物地上部分C、N和P含量及C∶N比和C∶P比值种间差异大于种内差异,而N∶P比种内差异大于种间差异;4)抚仙湖沉水植物C含量和N:P比平均值要大于长江中下游一些富营养化湖泊的沉水植物,抚仙湖沉水植物的生长可能潜在地受到P的限制.  相似文献   

3.
The wetland of 56 ha is situated at a height of 1565 m in the valley of the Jehlum river. Among macrophytes prevail Typha, Phragmites, Scirpus and Sparganium, and they are investigated at eight stations in the annual cycle. The mineral composition of the aboveground and belowground biomass and of the sediment was determined. The mean total biomass shows considerable variations, but also a pronounced annual variation with the summer maximum of 1445 g/m2 above-ground and 1550 g/m2 below-ground. The mineral constituents show clearly decreasing concentrations during the season of vegetation as far as potassium, calcium, magnesium and nitrogen are concerned, the nutrient contents lying between 0.041 and 1.9% P or 0.57 and 1.65 % N. In a regression analysis the biomasses show significant multiple regressions to concentrations of chloride-ions, nitrogen and partly TPP and oxygen in the water and sediment.  相似文献   

4.
王天佑  夏品华  林陶  杜欣 《湖泊科学》2021,33(3):774-784
为深入了解湿地周丛生物碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量的变化规律及其影响因素,对贵州草海湿地4种不同生境(湖滨带、人工湿地、农田沟渠、污水处理厂)中周丛生物两个生长阶段(生长期和衰老期)的C、N、P生态化学计量学进行了研究.结果表明:水体营养指数依次为污水处理厂(51.55±4.50)>农田沟渠(50.41±4.50)>人工湿地(47.20±6.72)>湖滨带(41.86±6.91),湿地下游水域水质较上游明显改善.总体来看,在不同生境间,周丛生物C、N、P含量随着水体营养浓度的升高而增加,但周丛生物化学计量比呈下降的趋势.同一生境中,生长期周丛生物的C、N、P含量和C∶N都小于衰老期周丛生物,N∶P和C∶P则相反.周丛生物生长期N、P元素为弱稳态型(HN=2.358,HP=2.576),衰老期为稳态型(HN=10.99,HP=5.78),整体来看两个生长阶段周丛生物的N∶P呈稳态型(HN∶P=4.504).根据周丛生物最佳生长速率计量比得出湖滨带处于P限制状态,而人工湿地、污水处理厂和农田沟渠则不受养分限制.相关性分析表明水体营养水平显著影响周丛生物的N、P元素含量及化学计量比,尤其是水体TP和TN浓度.非线性曲面拟合分析表明,周丛生物N∶P和C∶N分别受水体TP和TN浓度的主要影响,而水体TN和TP浓度对周丛生物C∶P的影响同等重要.该研究表明,基于水体TP、TN浓度和周丛生物化学计量比的三维模型可用来评估水体营养水平和周丛生物化学计量之间的关系.  相似文献   

5.
研究长江中下游地区浅水湖泊5种常见大型底栖动物(铜锈环棱螺、河蚬、苏氏尾鳃蚓、摇蚊属幼虫及中国长足摇蚊)碳、氮、磷化学计量特征,样品采集于多个不同营养水平湖泊.底栖动物碳、氮、磷元素含量的变化范围分别为31.6%~60.7%、5.2%~12.1%及0.41%~2.28%,碳氮比、碳磷比和氮磷比的变化范围分别为4.4~8.9、55~314及9.9~40.1,其中磷元素含量变化最大并是导致N∶P变化的主要原因.不同种类底栖动物元素组成具有显著差异,碳、氮、磷最高平均值分别出现在河蚬(48.4%)、苏氏尾鳃蚓(10.4%)及河蚬(1.09%).铜锈环棱螺(除氮磷比)和河蚬元素组成在不同营养水平湖泊间具有显著差异,重富营养湖泊太湖氮和磷含量最高.相关分析发现铜锈环棱螺及河蚬磷含量和氮磷比与营养状态指数显著相关,表明铜锈环棱螺和河蚬的碳、氮、磷化学计量特征并非保持严格的动态平衡.  相似文献   

6.
冷季不同植物人工湿地处理生活污水的工程实例分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
本实验以亚热带地区福建省永春县农村生活污水作为处理对象,选取10种湿地植物,构建具有不同植物类型的表面流人工湿地的实例工程,比较不同植物配置人工湿地的处理能力,以及湿地植物的生物量和植物体内氮、磷累积能力.研究结果表明,水龙和美人蕉人工湿地具有较高的铵态氮去除能力,去除率可分别达到76.7%和87.7%;两者同时也对总氮表现出较好的去除效果,尤其是美人蕉人工湿地在冬季节对总氮的去除率可维持在80.3%以上;2014年初冬季节实验结果表明,水龙还具有一定的总磷去除能力,去除率可达到69.0%.水龙和美人蕉具有较大的生物量,其单位面积干重可分别达到0.46和0.30 kg/m~2,又能较好地积累氮、磷元素,其体内氮含量可分别达到6.43和4.60 g/m~2,磷含量可分别达到0.50和1.01 g/m~2.综上所述,种植水龙和美人蕉的人工湿地总体处理效果较好,同时又能更多地积累氮、磷元素,且具有更大的生物量,可选为相对适宜用于处理生活污水的适合亚热带地区应用的人工湿地植物.  相似文献   

7.
湿地土壤是湿地生态系统固持氮(N)、磷(P)的重要库,水生高等植物在湿地土壤固持N、P过程中起到了非常重要的作用.本研究采用室外取样与室内实验结合的方法,对溱湖湿地两种主要湿地类型(芦苇(Phragmites australis)群落和芦苇+香蒲(Typha latifolia)群落)影响湿地土壤N、P固持过程的规律展开研究.分析了芦苇、香蒲各器官生物量和总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)含量及储量对于土壤各土层TN和TP含量的影响.结果显示:(1)溱湖湿地对于水体TN和TP有一定的削减作用,且对TN的削减作用更大;(2)芦苇可以增强湿地土壤(30 cm以下的土层)富集N的效率,并且芦苇+香蒲群落中土壤固N效率更高,芦苇植株内TN和TP储量都是根茎叶穗,而香蒲则是根穗茎叶;(3)芦苇和香蒲茎、叶器官的TN和TP含量在夏季均显著高于其他几个季节,尤其是芦苇茎的TN含量在夏季高出其他几个季节70%~84%,而TP含量甚至高出其他几个季节81%~92%;(4)芦苇、香蒲对于P贫瘠的响应机制不同,导致芦苇会消耗土壤P,而香蒲的介入可以抵消这一消耗过程.因此,芦苇+香蒲的植物配置模式可以提高湿地土壤固持N、P的综合效率.  相似文献   

8.
入湖河口湿地四种植物群落类型的土壤氮素空间分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
任奎晓  陈开宁  黄蔚  施娴 《湖泊科学》2012,24(6):849-857
对江苏省溧阳市大溪水库的洙漕河河口湿地中香蒲、水蓼、灯心草和芦苇四种植物生物量、氮含量及植物群落的土壤氮素分布特征进行研究,结果表明:四种植物地上生物量、地上组织氮含量、地下生物量、地下组织氮含量存在显著差异;土壤烧失量(LOI)、总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3--N)在垂直分布上表现为由表层向下减少的总体分布趋势,铵态氮(NH4+-N)浓度的剖面变化呈现先减少后增加的趋势;四种植物群落土壤氮浓度各不同,但均大于对照,以有机氮为主,说明湿地具有一定的储氮能力;不同的植物群落影响湿地氮素的分布.相关性分析显示,土壤LOI与TN、NO3--N和NH4+-N均存在极显著相关性,无机氮构成比例较小,仅为1.41%,表明土壤中的氮素主要以有机氮的形式存在;土壤氮浓度与植物生物量及组织氮含量相关性不大,说明土壤氮形态浓度不仅受到植物生长的影响,同时也可能受到植物根区环境、微生物数量与活性等的影响.  相似文献   

9.
通过改进Tessier连续提取法对贵州草海黑颈鹤栖息地不同水位梯度下沉积物汞(Hg)、砷(As)形态及生态风险进行了研究.结果表明,草海湿地沉积物中Hg含量在0.45～1.51-mg/kg之间,超过国家土壤环境质量农用地土壤风险管控标准;形态组成上,残渣态汞(Res-Hg)有机结合态汞(Org-Hg)碳酸盐结合态(Car-Hg)铁锰氧化态(Fe-O-Hg)可交换态(Ex-Hg),不同水位梯度下含量和赋存形态在不同区域不一致.As含量在16.4～23.8-mg/kg之间,形态依次为残渣态砷(Res-As)有机结合态砷(Org-As)铁锰氧化态砷(Fe-O-As)碳酸盐结合态砷(Car-As)可交换态砷(Ex-As).-As含量与贵州省土壤背景值持平,随着水位梯度的抬升,其总量呈增加趋势,残渣态占比逐步增多,性质逐渐稳定.采用地积累指数(I_(geo))、潜在生态风险指数(E_r~i)、风险评价编码法(RAC)对Hg、As的危害程度进行分析表明,基于草海较高Hg环境背景值,Hg整体污染风险较高,As处于低水平的污染风险等级且对环境影响较小.该研究揭示了不同水位梯度下Hg、As总量及形态分布特征,对草海湿地水位抬升恢复湿地提供了参考.  相似文献   

10.
This paper characterizes a seasonally inundated Danish floodplain wetland in a state close to naturalness and includes an analysis of the major controls on the wetland water and nitrogen balances. The main inputs of water are precipitation and percolation during ponding and unsaturated conditions. Lateral saturated subsurface flow is low. The studied floodplain owes its wetland status to the hydraulic properties of its sediments: the low hydraulic conductivity of a silt–clay deposit on top of the floodplain maintains ponded water during winter, and parts of autumn and spring. A capillary fringe extends to the soil surface, and capillary rise from groundwater during summer maintains near‐saturated conditions in the root zone, and allows a permanently very high evapotranspiration rate. The average for the growing season of 1999 is 3·6 mm day?1 and peak rate is 5·6 mm day?1. In summer, the evapotranspiration is to a large degree supplied by subsurface storage in a confined peat layer underlying the silt–clay. The floodplain sediments are in a very reduced state as indicated by low sulphate concentrations. All nitrate transported into the wetland is thus denitrified. However, owing to modest water exchange with surrounding groundwater and surface water, denitrification is low; 71 kg NO3–N ha?1 during the study period of 1999. Reduction of nitrate diffusing into the sediments during water ponding accounts for 75% of nitrate removal. Biomass production and nitrogen uptake in above‐ground vegetation is high—8·56 t dry matter ha?1 year?1 and 103 kg N ha?1 year?1. Subsurface ammonium concentrations are high, and convective upward transport into the root zone driven by evapotranspiration amounted to 12·8 kg N ha?1year?1. The floodplain wetland sediments have a high nitrogen content, and conditions are very favourable for mineralization. Mineralization thus constitutes 72% of above‐ground plant uptake. The study demonstrates the necessity of identifying controlling factors, and to combine surface flow with vadose and groundwater flow processes in order to fully comprehend the flow and nitrogen dynamics of this type of wetland. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

11.
枯落物分解过程是湿地生态系统生源要素生物地球化学循环的关键环节.研究湿地枯落物分解过程是揭示湿地生态功能机理的关键.洪泛平原湿地枯水期的地下水位及丰水期的洪水淹没深度和持续时间都是湿地枯落物分解过程的重要调控因素.本研究采用分解袋法和原位观测模拟试验研究了鄱阳湖优势湿地植物薹草枯落物分解及碳、氮、磷释放对枯水期转化到丰水期的响应.利用鄱阳湖湿地洲滩的高程差选取4个水位梯度,在枯水期4个梯度分别是G-H(高地下水位带)、G-MH(中高地下水位带)、G-ML(中低地下水位带)和G-L(低地下水位带),而在丰水期这4个梯度又转变为G-H(深淹水带)、G-MH(中度深淹水带)、G-ML(中度浅淹水带)和G-L(浅淹水带).研究结果表明:无论在枯水期内还是在丰水期内,4个梯度带之间薹草枯落物干物质残留率及分解速率都具有极显著的差异性.在枯水期内,4个梯度分解速率的大小关系为:G-HG-MHG-MLG-L,在丰水期内,分解速率大小关系发生了反转,即为:G-LG-MLG-MHG-H.薹草枯落物碳、氮、磷相对归还指数表现出与干物质相似的差异性.本研究可为湿地生态系统生物地球化学循环过程对水文节律的响应研究提供数据和理论支撑,也为鄱阳湖基于水位调控下的生态系统管理提供新的认识和决策依据.  相似文献   

12.
湿地植被地上生物量是衡量湿地生态系统健康状况的重要指标，对于珍稀水禽越冬繁殖、全球碳循环、生态净化具有重要意义，是生态学与遥感解译的研究热点之一.针对于地上生物量的测算，卫星遥感数据覆盖范围广但其空间分辨率较低，无人机遥感数据空间分辨率高但采集范围小，同时受湿地面积、观测系统及外界环境等条件的影响，使得遥感影像地上生物量反演更加复杂和困难.本研究基于无人机和高分一号数据对升金湖草滩植被地上生物量反演进行研究，结合升金湖保护区4个样区无人机可见光影像与相应样区实测样本数据，建立地上生物量与可见光波段、多种可见光植被指数的线性、幂函数、多项式、对数回归模型，并通过可决系数（R2）、平均绝对误差（MAE）和均方根误差（RMSE）对模型进行精度评价，选择最优模型对无人机影像进行地上生物量反演；通过可见光波段反演得到的生物量，与高分一号WFV归一化差分植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index，NDVI）影像相结合进行回归建模，获取整个升金湖草滩植被地上生物量分布.结果表明，利用无人机红光波段建立的多项式方程对地上生物量反演有着最高模拟精度，R2=0.86、预测精度MAE=111.33 g/m2、RMSE=145.42 g/m2，且红光波段生物量反演方法得到的结果与实际生物量分布一致性较高，高分一号WFV NDVI与无人机反演生物量构建的多项式模型为最优模型，R2为0.91.本研究利用无人机和高分一号数据进行生物量反演研究，整合多源遥感数据优点，以获取更加丰富和准确的信息，进而提高地上生物量反演精度，为湿地监测和湿地恢复管理提供数据和技术支撑，具有重要研究意义和应用价值.  相似文献   

13.
Three main reservoirs were identified that contribute to the shallow subsurface flow regime of a valley drained by a fourth‐order stream in Brittany (western France). (i) An upland flow that supplied a wetland area, mainly during the high‐water period. It has high N‐NO3? and average Cl? concentrations. (ii) A deep confined aquifer characterized by low nitrate and low chloride concentrations that supplied the floodplain via flow upwelling. (iii) An unconfined aquifer under the riparian zone with high Cl? and low N‐NO3? concentrations where biological processes removed groundwater nitrate. This aquifer collected the upland flow and supplied a relict channel that controlled drainage from the whole riparian zone. Patterns of N‐NO3? and Cl? concentrations along riparian transects, together with calculated high nitrate removal, indicate that removal occurred mainly at the hillslope–riparian zone interface (i.e. first few metres of wetland), whereas dilution occurred in lower parts of the transects, especially during low‐water periods and at the beginning of recharge periods. Stream flow was modelled as a mixture of water from the three reservoirs. An estimation of these contributions revealed that the deep aquifer contribution to stream flow averaged 37% throughout the study period, while the contribution of the unconfined reservoir below the riparian zone and hillslope flow was more variable (from ca 6 to 85%) relative to rainfall events and the level of the riparian water table. At the entire riparian zone scale, NO3? removal (probably from denitrification) appeared most effective in winter, despite higher estimated upland NO3? fluxes entering the riparian zone during this period. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
Stream chemistry is often used to infer catchment‐scale biogeochemical processes. However, biogeochemical cycling in the near‐stream zone or hydrologically connected areas may exert a stronger influence on stream chemistry compared with cycling processes occurring in more distal parts of the catchment, particularly in dry seasons and in dry years. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that near‐stream wetland proportion is a better predictor of seasonal (winter, spring, summer, and fall) stream chemistry compared with whole‐catchment averages and that these relationships are stronger in dryer periods with lower hydrologic connectivity. We evaluated relationships between catchment wetland proportion and 16‐year average seasonal flow‐weighted concentrations of both biogeochemically active nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrate (NO3‐N), total phosphorus (TP), as well as weathering products, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), at ten headwater (<200 ha) forested catchments in south‐central Ontario, Canada. Wetland proportion across the entire catchment was the best predictor of DOC and TP in all seasons and years, whereas predictions of NO3‐N concentrations improved when only the proportion of wetland within the near‐stream zone was considered. This was particularly the case during dry years and dry seasons such as summer. In contrast, Ca and Mg showed no relationship with catchment wetland proportion at any scale or in any season. In forested headwater catchments, variable hydrologic connectivity of source areas to streams alters the role of the near‐stream zone environment, particularly during dry periods. The results also suggest that extent of riparian zone control may vary under changing patterns of hydrological connectivity. Predictions of biogeochemically active nutrients, particularly NO3‐N, can be improved by including near‐stream zone catchment morphology in landscape models.  相似文献   

15.
吉林向海沼泽湿地土壤氮素的剖面分布   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  
本文以二百方子湿地和付老文泡湿地为研究对象,对比分析了两典型区湿地土壤不同形态氮素和全氮含量在生长期和成熟期的剖面分布特征及其差异,结果表明封闭性湿地和开放性湿地土壤剖面的物理性状存在地域差异;封闭性湿地在两物候期内土壤氮素含量的剖面分布特征相似,均表现为由表层向下减少的总体分布趋势;开放性湿地土壤中碱解氮、有机氮和全氮含量剖面分布特征与封闭性湿地一致;但铵态氮含量的剖面变化则表现为先增后减的变化趋势,且硝态氮在成熟期内出现累积峰．  相似文献   

16.
This paper resolves the origin of clay hummock micro-topography in seasonal wetlands of the Drakensberg Foothills, providing a review and appraisal of previously-suggested mechanisms of hummock formation in the context of new field and laboratory data. Field surveys revealed neo-formation of clay hummocks in a river channel that had been abandoned in c.1984. Fresh earthworm castings were located atop hummocks protruding from inundated abandoned channel margins. Earthworm castings, and sediment cores taken in hummocks and adjacent hollows, were analysed for soil-adsorbed carbon and nitrogen using an HCN analyser, and for 210Pb activity using alpha-geochronology. 210Pb activity profiles suggest relative enrichment of the isotope in hummocks, and relative depletion in adjacent hollows. Earthworm castings are characterised by very high 210Pb activity, as well as high C and N contents. Hummocks have significantly higher C and N contents than adjacent hollows. Results suggest that it is the foraging activity of earthworms in litter-rich seasonal wetland hollows, and repeated excretion of castings atop adjacent hummocks, that is responsible for the elemental enrichment observed. The paper presents a conceptual model of hummock formation in wetlands through interactions between hydrogeomorphology and earthworm activity, and illustrates a mechanism of biogeomorphic inheritance through which ordered patterns of preferential flow can emerge in ecosystems. Further implications of hummock formation and nodal accumulation of nutrients are considered in relation to wetland resilience and regulatory ecosystem service provision.© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

17.
Soil salinity and waterlogging are two major environmental problems in estuarine wetlands. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salt stress, water table, and their combination on growth, chlorophyll content, antioxidant system, and ion accumulation in Suaeda salsa plant, which is the pioneer plant in coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta (YRD). The results showed that plant height, number of branches, and biomass were significantly affected by water table and salt stress. With enhanced salt stress, the ratio of leaf to total biomass increased and the ratio of root to total biomass decreased. The contents of Chl‐a, ‐b, Chl‐a + b, and carotenoids (Car) decreased significantly with increasing soil salinity and the water table level. Salt stress enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), but reduced the content of protein. With the lowering water table level, the activity of CAT and protein content increased, and activity of SOD decreased. Na+ and Cl? content were up‐regulated with increasing salt stress (NaCl), whereas, the contents of other cations (K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) and anions ( and ) were decreased. In summary, the results indicated that the S. salsa plants could adapt to the adverse soil environments through modifying their growth and physiology status at the highly saline and intertidal zone, such as the YRD estuarine wetlands, and also could be used as a bio‐reclamation plant to decline the high salt in saline soils.  相似文献   

18.
于2017年1月-2017年6月采用分解袋技术和鸟粪添加试验研究了鄱阳湖湿地植食性越冬水鸟粪便和典型洲滩湿地植物薹草枯落物分解过程中碳、氮、磷释放动态的差异性以及植食性越冬水鸟粪便的加入对鄱阳湖湿地薹草分解过程的影响.结果表明，不同分解时间内薹草枯落物、薹草+鸟粪中薹草枯落物和鸟粪3种样品的干物质损失率和分解速率的差异性都十分显著，其数值都表现为薹草+鸟粪中薹草样品 > 薹草枯落物样品 > 鸟粪样品.鸟粪的加入显著加速了薹草分解进程，使其平均分解速率提升了约21.23%.Olson负指数模型模拟预测显示，薹草+鸟粪中薹草、薹草枯落物和鸟粪样品分解完成50%所需的时间依次为259、314和355天，分解完成95%所需的时间大约依次约为3.1、3.7和4.2年.3种样品碳、氮、磷都表现为净释放模式，其相对回归指数之间差异性也显著.碳相对归还指数都表现为薹草+鸟粪中薹草 > 薹草枯落物 > 鸟粪，氮相对归还指数和磷相对归还指数值都表现为鸟粪 > 薹草+鸟粪中薹草 > 薹草枯落物.本研究推测鸟粪添加给分解环境带来额外的营养物质，使分解者微生物的数量、种类、活性增加以及鸟粪刺激产生了一系列降解酶，如木质素酶、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶等，胞外酶数量和活性增加，是鸟粪促进薹草分解的关键因素，而样品中初始养分含量以及分解过程碳、氮、磷化学计量比的变化是造成其分解速率和养分释放差异显著的主要原因.  相似文献   

19.
This study combined bacterial incubation and hydrogeochemical methods to investigate denitrification in the surface water, top soil (0–20 cm), and shallow groundwater of the Ochi wetland in Japan. Surface water was rich in nitrate (40 mg/l) and denitrifying bacteria (700 per ml). Three functional zones in the wetland were identified in the top soil and shallow groundwater. In the upstream portion of the wetland (Zone I), the counts of denitrifying bacteria in top soil increased from 5200 to 14 970 per ml and nitrate decreased from 25·4 to 1·8 mg/l. Organic carbon concentrations decreased as sulfate increased from 4·0 to 9·6 mg/l in this zone. In the middle‐stream of the wetland (Zone II), all concentrations of major anions, iron, organic carbon, and total nitrogen content in top soil were relatively constant, but the counts of denitrifying bacteria increased up to 70 200 per ml. In the downstream portion of the wetland (Zone III), complete removal of nitrate resulted in sharp reduction of counts of denitrifying bacteria. Correspondingly, dissolved oxygen (DO), organic carbon, and total nitrogen increased in this zone. Counts of denitrifying bacteria were lower in shallow groundwater than in top soil; nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwater were also very low in this zone. DO and the oxidation/reduction potential data suggest that groundwater flows to the surface along an extended flow path, thus providing nitrate for the denitrifying community. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

20.
对贵州草海湿地4种水位梯度下(农田区、过渡区、浅水区和深水区)表层土壤(0~10 cm)碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量比进行研究,以期揭示草海湿地不同水位梯度下土壤碳、氮、磷生态化学计量比的分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明:土壤总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)及总磷(TP)含量在不同水位梯度之间均差异显著,由过渡区至深水区,土壤TOC及TN含量均呈递增趋势,而TP含量呈先降低后增加的趋势;农田区土壤TN含量显著高于浅水区,但深水区土壤TP含量显著低于农田区.不同水位梯度土壤碳氮比(C/N)、碳磷比(C/P)和氮磷比(N/P)也存在显著差异,由过渡区至深水区,土壤C/P和N/P均呈递增趋势,而C/N呈先增加后降低的趋势;与过渡区相比,农田区土壤C/N、C/P和N/P总体偏低.相关性分析表明:土壤C/N、C/P和N/P的空间分布与土壤TOC、TN、含水量等理化性质有关.可见,草海湿地水位变化对土壤TOC、TN和TP含量以及C/N、C/P及N/P的空间分布具有显著影响,且水位升高有利于增强土壤碳、氮、磷的固存潜力.  相似文献   

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