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大凉山断裂带南段滑动速率估计 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2
大凉山断裂带是川滇活动块体东边界的重要组成部分,其活动速率的估计不仅对评价青藏高原东南边缘的地壳运动和变形模型具有重要理论意义,还对大凉山地区的地震危险性评价和地震中长期预测具有重要的应用价值。通过对大凉山断裂带南段交际河断裂和布拖断裂的详细野外调查、典型构造地貌GPS精细测量以及断错地貌的时间约束,获得大凉山断裂带南段全新世以来的滑动速率为2.5~4.5mm/a,交际河断裂平均滑动速率略大于布拖断裂的滑动速率。对比滑动速率发现,大凉山断裂带南段与鲜水河-小江断裂系中段西支的安宁河、则木河断裂带的水平滑动速率相当,表明大凉山断裂带活动强度不低于安宁河和则木河断裂带,随着大凉山断裂带逐渐取代安宁河和则木河断裂在鲜水河-小江断裂系中的作用,大凉山断裂带的活动强度将增强。 相似文献
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则木河断裂晚第四纪位移及滑动速率任金卫(国家地震局地质研究所,北京100029)则木河断裂是青藏高原东边缘鲜水河~小江断裂带中段的一条走向北北西的活动断裂。第四纪以来具有左旋走滑为主的运动特征。通过野外调查,则木河断裂北段发现了51个左旋水平位移点 相似文献
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大凉山地区新生代地壳缩短及其构造意义 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
大凉山地区位于青藏高原的东南边缘,具体指鲜水河-小江断裂带中段安宁河断裂带和则木河断裂带以东的菱形地区.新生代以来大凉山地区的新构造运动不仅表现为沿区内大凉山断裂带的左旋走滑和逆冲2种分量的断层运动,还表现为轴向近SN的褶皱缩短.利用平衡剖面方法结合误差分析得出研究区的地壳平均缩短量为 (10.9±1.6)km,缩短率为 (17.8±2.2)%.研究区发生缩短变形的时间段主要集中在中新世和上新世(12~3.4Ma BP),结合地壳缩短量计算出的研究区地壳缩短速率为 (1.3±0.2)mm/a.对比沿大凉山断裂带的左旋滑动量,可以看出这种褶皱形式的地壳缩短在沿鲜水河-小江断裂带向SE方向传递左旋位移的过程中起着重要的作用. 相似文献
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以位错理论为依据探讨了地震分类的理论基础,利用美国哈佛大学1977—2008年的震源机制解资料,采用地震三角形分类法,研究了中国川滇及邻近地区震源机制解124例,从地壳脆性变形的角度分析了川滇次级块体的变形形式。结果表明:整体上川滇及邻区的走滑断层、逆冲断层和正断层具有明显的分区性特征,受青藏高原SE方向的挤压,沿着鲜水河断裂带、安宁河断裂带、则木河断裂带和小江断裂带产生了大的剪切位移和变形带;同时,受缅甸弧挤压和四川盆地的阻挡,在缅甸弧前端和龙门山断裂带等地形成了强烈的挤压区,在云南大部分区域形成了扇形剪切应力变形区;而沿鲜水河断裂带、安宁河断裂带、则木河断裂带和小江断裂带所产生的大的剪切位移和变形直接作用在红河断裂带上,造成红河断裂带呈右旋向SE方向错动,引起其后延金沙江断裂至丽江-小金河断裂之间形成大的应力拉张区,构成了现今川滇及邻区地壳变形的最新格局 相似文献
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新生的大凉山断裂带——鲜水河-小江断裂系中段的裁弯取直 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
部分由于缺乏破坏性地震记录,部分由于处于边远山区,作为鲜水河-小江断裂系一部分的大凉山断裂带长期被研究者们忽视,以至于在描述该断裂系时,往往不把大凉山断裂带算在其中.造成大凉山断裂带被忽视的另一个重要的原因是该断裂带是一条新生的构造带,新生性决定了其成熟度低于鲜水河-小江断裂系中的其他断裂带,所反映的线性断裂地貌特征不如其他断裂带明显.两年多详细的遥感解译和野外调查结果表明大凉山断裂是一条新生的断裂带:(1)具有复杂几何结构的大凉山断裂带无论是连续性还是成熟度都明显低于鲜水河.小江断裂系中的其他断裂带;(2)大凉山断裂带南、北两段的活动性高于中段,而且北段的左旋位错量是南段的3倍,小震活动在中段也存在一个明显的空区,说明大凉山断裂带还没有完全贯通,尚处于从两端向中间发展的早期阶段;(3)大凉山断裂带上地质体反映的总位错和水系的位错基本相同,说明大凉山断裂带开始于该地区水系成型之后,而鲜水河-小江断裂系中其他断裂带上的总位错远大于水系所反映的位错;(4)探槽揭示的古地震事件和用断错地貌和GPS观测结果估计的水平滑动速率3~4mm/a,都表明大凉山断裂带与安宁河、则木河断裂带一样也是一条强震构造带;(5)在滑动速率大致相当的情况下,并假定各断裂带在整个发育历史中滑动速率基本不变,大凉山断裂带产生11km的滑移量需要2.7~3.7Ma,而安宁河和则木河断裂带完成47~53km的位错量需要12~18Ma.进一步推断,新生的大凉山断裂带产生于鲜水河-小江断裂系中段的“裁弯取直”,而“裁弯取直”是由于青藏高原南东块体相对刚性的顺时针旋转造成的.随着“裁弯取直”的持续发展,大凉山断裂带将可能逐渐取代安宁河和则? 相似文献
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大凉山断裂带北段东支——竹马断裂晚第四纪活动性 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
大凉山断裂带是川滇菱形活动块体东边界的重要组成部分,其活动习性和滑动速率对于了解青藏高原东南缘的块体运动和构造变形具有重要的理论意义,同时对于该地区地震危险性评价和地震中长期预测有着重要的应用价值。大凉山断裂带由6条分支断裂构成,竹马断裂是其北段的一条分支。文中在详细野外调查的基础上,通过典型构造地貌的高精度GPS测量和断错时间的约束,得出竹马断裂是一条以左旋走滑为主的全新世活动断裂,全新世以来的水平滑动速率为1.5~3.1mm/a;利用古地震探槽揭示出竹马断裂的2次古地震事件时间分别为(50.3±5.7)~30ka BP和30~(17.4±1.2)ka BP。考虑到断裂带北段还存在一条与竹马断裂平行的分支断裂——公益海断裂,大凉山断裂带北段的滑动速率与南段基本一致。鲜水河-小江断裂系中段在大凉山断裂带上分配的滑动速率与并行的安宁河断裂带和则木河断裂带也大体相当,断裂系中段的滑动速率之和与南北两段的速率大致吻合。大凉山断裂带的存在使断裂系在几何上成为一个完整的弧形构造,也弥补了中段滑动速率的亏损,使各段的滑动保持协调一致。此外,沿竹马断裂大量发育的冲洪积台地,根据沉积特征和测年结果,认为是新仙女木事件后末次冰消期的冰川融水形成的冰水堆积,类似的地貌面可能广泛分布于青藏高原东南缘。 相似文献
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川西地区地壳形变和断层位移活动 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大地测量资料的分析表明,川西地区的地壳形变和断层位移活动沿着已发展成为块体边界线的鲜水河断裂带—安宁河断裂带—则木河断裂带表现为最强,两侧块体内的断裂活动相对次之。区内的现今形变活动趋势仍继承着晚第四纪以来新构造活动的格局,地震形变是现今形变的最佳表现,断层位移活动具有显著的不均匀性。 相似文献
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珠江口盆地及其邻近地区的活动断裂与地震活动 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
珠江口盆地位于南海北部,属于大陆地壳的陆缘张裂型盆地,其形成与地幔向上隆起和地壳拉张减薄有密切关系,自中新世纪晚期以来,珠江口盆地的坳陷为沉积区,盆地的隆起及外围为剥蚀区。 相似文献
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Microstructures of quartz in Honghe mylonite zone are studied and recent result of microstructural paleopiezometry is used in this paper to estimate the differential flow stress and strain rate for the southern Honghe fault zone. The calculations show that the differential flow stress during the development of mylonites of the southern Honghe fault zone varied gradually from 45MPa in the south to 120MPa in the north. Because the formation depth of mylonite zone became shallow from south to north, this variation indicates the decrease of flow stress with depth. The strain rate was roughly of the order of 10-12/se 相似文献
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Based on the 1︰50000 geological and geomorphologic mapping of active fault, the structural geomorphic features and activity of Hancheng Fault are investigated in detail. In the study, we divide the fault into three sections from north to south: the section between Xiweikou and Panhe River, the section between Panhe River and Xingjiabao and the section between Xingjiabao and Yijing, the three sections show different characters of tectonic landform. The section between Xiweikou and Panhe River is a kind of typical basin-mountain landform, where diluvial fans spread widely. In the north of Yumenkou, the fault deforms the diluvial fans, forming scarps, along which the fault extends. In the south of Yumenkou, the fault extends along the rear edge of the diluvial fans. In the section between Panhe River and Xingjiabao the fault extends along the front of the loess mesa. In the section between Xingjiabao and Yijing the fault forms scarp in the loess and extends as an arc shaped zone, and the landform is formed by the accumulative deformation of the fault. The activity of the fault becomes weak gradually from northeast to southwest. The fault activity of the section between Xiweikou and Panhe River is the strongest, and the latest age of activity is Holocene. The slip rate since the mid-Holocene is bigger than 0.8mm/a at Yumenkou. The fault activity of the section between Panhe River and Xingjiabao is weaker than the north part, the fault's latest active age is identified as the later period of Late Pleistocene and the activity becomes weak gradually from northeast to southwest. At the estuary of the Jushui River the slip rate of the fault is about 0.49mm/a since late Late Pleistocene. The fault activity of the section between Xingjiabao and Yijing is the weakest. There is no evidence of paleosol S1 deformed in fault profiles, and only some phenomena of fracture and sand liquefaction in the earlier Late Pleistocene loess. The activity of the fault is in line with the fault landform feature. At macro level, the relationship between the uplifted side and the thrown side of the fault switches gradually from the Ordos uplifting region and the rifted basin to the interior blocks of the rifted basin, which maybe is the regional reason why the activity of the Hancheng Fault becomes weak from the northeast to the southwest. 相似文献
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活动断裂带中地震时空分布的信息维 D1避免了容量维 D0的缺陷,考虑了每一地震事件对信息所作的贡献,从新的角度反映了地震分布时空结构特征.计算表明,炉霍大震前鲜水河断裂带地震分布时间结构信息维 D1=0.1051,这是该区大震活动的一个参考性判据.安宁河断裂带十七年现今地震分布时间结构信息维:北段,D1(tN)=0.1363;南段,D1(tS)=0.06710.地震空间分布信息维:北段,D1(KN)=1.053;南段,D1(Ks)=0.7758.南北两段分属信息维维数不同的两个自相似系统.南段地震活动自组织程度较高.这有助于强震重点监测区内主要危险段的判定地震时空分布 D1特征探索对于活断层研究以及地震预报都有一定的意义. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂带安徽省内段落属于该断裂带的南段,断裂构造复杂,总体上断层活动性要弱于断裂带的山东、江苏段。近年来笔者多次在苏皖交界地区开展野外地质地貌调查,发现淮河南北两侧的地形地貌存在较大差异。本研究以淮河以南的郯庐断裂带东支断裂明光段为探查重点,在明光紫阳山北侧跨断层开挖地质探槽。探槽(Tc1)显示断层表现为逆冲、张裂等活动形式,且断层向上延伸错动晚第四纪地层;结合年代样品测试结果,表明该段断层晚第四纪以来有较强的活动,最新活动时代可达晚更新世-全新世早期;探槽揭露的断层表现出多种活动形式,显示了明光段断层活动的多期次性和区域构造应力场的复杂性。 相似文献
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Yao Daquan Zheng Haigang Zhao Peng Yang Yuanyuan Wang Xingzhou Miao Peng Fang Zhen Tao Yuechao Li Junhui Wang Jun Wang Xiaoli 《中国地震研究》2017,31(2):225-233
Taking the Huaihe to the Nvshanhu segment of the Tanlu (Tancheng-Lujiang) fault zone as the main research target to explore whether there has been new activity since the late Quaternary, and based on the interpretation of remote sensing images and repeated surface investigations, we excavated trenches at the sections where the tectonic landform is significant, identified and recorded the deformation patterns of the fault and analyzed the activity behavior. Samples of new activity and deformation were collected and oriented slices were ground based on the samples'' original state to make the micro structural analysis and demonstration. All of the above research shows very clear linear tectonic geomorphology along the fault, three trenches across the fault zone all revealed new deformation traces since late Quaternary. The latest stratum dislocated by the fault is the late Quaternary and Holocene. The main slip mode is stick slip, as represented typically by fault scarps, wedge accumulation, the faults and the filled cracks and so on. In general, it shows the characteristics of brittle high-speed deformation and belongs to the prehistoric earthquake ruins. The above understanding was confirmed partially by microscopic analysis. In addition, the similarities and differences and the possible reasons for the characteristics of the latest activities of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in the north and south of the Huaihe River regions are also discussed in this paper. 相似文献
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本文采用宏观与微观相结合的方法 ,研究六盘山东麓断裂的滑动方式。结果表明 :(1)根据断层泥组构特征 ,六盘山东麓断裂可划分为北、中、南 3段 ,这与前人宏观分段结果相一致 ;(2 )北段断层泥局部强烈变形 ,发育牵引褶皱 ,吕德剪切角 (R1)介于 11°~ 2 6° ,以及伊利石无明显的优选方位组构 ,表明该段断层活动是以粘滑为主的左旋走滑运动 ;(3)中、南段断层泥普遍变形 ,吕德剪切角 (R1)一般小于 11° ,P叶理、带状褶皱和肠状构造发育 ,以及伊利石复杂的优选方位组构 ,显示该断层的活动是以蠕滑为主的多期逆冲滑动 相似文献