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为了解河流大型底栖动物对环境压力的响应关系,以人类干扰程度不同的太湖流域和巢湖流域为研究区,系统调查区域内河流大型底栖动物,结合水体、沉积物理化数据及生境质量状况,运用空间分析和多元统计分析等方法,探讨了大型底栖动物多样性及典型物种对关键环境因素的响应规律.结果表明,太湖流域和巢湖流域的环境质量和大型底栖动物群落结构均差异较大,巢湖流域的生境质量优于太湖流域,巢湖流域平原区部分点位的水体营养盐(特别是氮浓度)高于太湖流域平原区.巢湖流域丘陵区的敏感型物种(主要为水生昆虫)密度远高于太湖流域丘陵区,太湖流域丘陵区的耐污型物种(寡毛纲)平均密度稍高于巢湖流域丘陵区,而巢湖流域平原区的寡毛纲霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)和苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi)平均密度远高于太湖流域平原区.广义加性模型建立的响应关系曲线表明,栖境多样性和总氮浓度可以作为生物多样性的指示因子.铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)、椭圆萝卜螺(Radix swinhoei)、河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)、霍甫水丝蚓、苏氏尾鳃蚓、黄色羽摇蚊(Chironomus flaviplumus)等特征物种与特定环境因子的响应关系显著,这些物种也可以作为环境监测的指示物种.底栖动物环境梯度的响应曲线能够定量地描述底栖动物群落对环境因子的响应关系,有利于深入了解水体水质、营养状态及生境质量与大型底栖动物群落结构的相关关系,进而预测不同人为干扰下大型底栖动物群落结构的变化趋势和演替过程. 相似文献
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河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)对霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)生物扰动的抑制效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来太湖局部区域水体富营养化仍有加剧趋势,这可能与底栖动物生物扰动促进沉积物营养盐释放有关.耐污种霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)与常被用于生态修复的河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)均为太湖底栖动物优势种类,本文设计了双因素4组处理(对照组、河蚬组、霍甫水丝蚓组和混合组(霍甫水丝蚓和河蚬))的室外受控实验,研究在太湖2种种群分布交错区,河蚬能否对霍甫水丝蚓的生物扰动产生抑制效应.结果表明:霍甫水丝蚓扰动能显著增加水体总氮、总磷浓度,同时促进浮游植物生长;河蚬通过滤食和生物沉降作用显著降低水体总氮、总磷和悬浮物浓度,抑制浮游植物生长,从而促进了底栖藻类的生长;河蚬对霍甫水丝蚓生物扰动效应有抑制作用. 相似文献
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保安湖底栖动物资源及季节动态的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1986至1987年对湖北省保安湖的底栖动物进行了调查.采到底栖动物计61种,其中寡毛类14种,水生昆虫25种,软体动物17种,其它动物5种。苏氏尾鳃蚓、霍甫水丝蚓、多足摇蚊、羽摇蚊、幽蚊、白旋螺、长角涵螺和铜锈环棱螺为湖中优势种.全湖底栖动物的平均密度为460个/m~2,生物量为55.415g/m~2.密度以冬季最高,生物量则以秋季最大.不同湖区中底栖动物的现存量有一定差别:密度依次为肖四海>桥墩湖>保安口>大湖>扁担塘;生物量为扁担塘>肖四海>保安口>大湖>桥墩湖.本文还将保安湖与其它浅水湖泊的底栖动物进行了比较,并提出该湖底栖动物的渔业利用的初步意见。 相似文献
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太湖大型底栖动物群落结构与水环境生物评价 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
于2014年冬季和夏季调查太湖全湖116个样点的大型底栖动物,分析其群落结构及与环境因子的关系.共记录底栖动物55种,隶属3门7纲18目27科52属,底栖动物的平均密度和生物量分别为405.5 ind./m2和146.6 g/m2.优势度分析表明,河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)、铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)、霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、太湖大螯蜚(Grandidierella aihuensis)、寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephtys oligobranchia)和拟背尾水虱属一种(Paranthura sp.)是太湖大型底栖动物的优势种.基于环境因子聚类分析,可将全湖分为3个区:敞水区、水生植被区和富营养区.方差分析表明各湖区间环境因子差异显著.统计分析表明,3个区底栖动物群落结构相似性低,差异显著.典范对应分析表明,水深、总氮、总磷、铵态氮、水生植物、溶解性有机碳和沉积物中值粒径与大型底栖动物群落结构显著相关.K-优势曲线、物种多样性指数显示,从水生植被区→敞水区→富营养区,营养水平增加,底栖动物多样性逐渐降低,生物量逐渐升高.研究结果表明营养水平、底质类型以及水生植被的分布是决定太湖大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性的关键因子. 相似文献
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研究长江中下游地区浅水湖泊5种常见大型底栖动物(铜锈环棱螺、河蚬、苏氏尾鳃蚓、摇蚊属幼虫及中国长足摇蚊)碳、氮、磷化学计量特征,样品采集于多个不同营养水平湖泊.底栖动物碳、氮、磷元素含量的变化范围分别为31.6%~60.7%、5.2%~12.1%及0.41%~2.28%,碳氮比、碳磷比和氮磷比的变化范围分别为4.4~8.9、55~314及9.9~40.1,其中磷元素含量变化最大并是导致N∶P变化的主要原因.不同种类底栖动物元素组成具有显著差异,碳、氮、磷最高平均值分别出现在河蚬(48.4%)、苏氏尾鳃蚓(10.4%)及河蚬(1.09%).铜锈环棱螺(除氮磷比)和河蚬元素组成在不同营养水平湖泊间具有显著差异,重富营养湖泊太湖氮和磷含量最高.相关分析发现铜锈环棱螺及河蚬磷含量和氮磷比与营养状态指数显著相关,表明铜锈环棱螺和河蚬的碳、氮、磷化学计量特征并非保持严格的动态平衡. 相似文献
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2003年7月至2004年4月，每季度对武汉市南湖大型底栖动物进行定量和定性的采样分析，共发现大型底栖动 物30种；优势种为霍甫水丝蚓和刺铗长足摇蚊，均呈聚集分布；大型底栖动物的年均密度和生物量分别为4437 ind/m~2和 17．79 g/m~2，其密度和生物量春季最高，Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数和 Margalef 多样性指数的年均值分别为1．515和 1．123．比较分析了南湖大型底栖动物组成的历史变化，对水环境进行了生物学评价，并提出了南湖大型底栖动物合理利 用的建议． 相似文献
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苏北骆马湖大型底栖动物群落结构及水质评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2014年1-12月,对苏北骆马湖水质和大型底栖动物进行了逐月调查.根据湖区的生境特征将骆马湖划分为3个区域:采砂区域、植被区域和其他区域.对比分析不同区域水质参数和底栖动物群落结构,并利用《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)、综合营养状态指数和生物学指数对水质进行评价.结果表明,采砂区域的水深显著高于植被区域,而透明度显著低于另外两个区域;采砂区域的总氮、总磷、硝态氮和正磷酸盐浓度均显著高于植被区域,生物多样性显著低于另外两个区域.骆马湖内共采集到大型底栖动物41种,其中环节动物8种,软体动物15种,节肢动物18种.铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)、苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi)、霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、长角涵螺(Alocinma longicornis)是现阶段的优势种.10个监测点底栖动物的年均密度和年均生物量分别为77.19±43.59 ind./m~2和37.62±28.31 g/m~2,呈现出较高的空间异质性.生物量较密度空间差异更大,生物量在湖泊四周的监测点较高,而在湖心开阔水域较低.水质评价结果表明骆马湖水质处于中营养状态,总体属于中度污染,作为南水北调东线工程重要的调蓄湖泊以及饮用水源地和水产养殖基地,加强水环境保护不容懈怠. 相似文献
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湖北道观河水库大型底栖动物的群落结构及物种多样性 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
1999年对湖北道观河水库大型底栖动物进行6次采样,共检出大型底栖动物17种,隶属4门16属.其中软体动物3种,环节动物5种,节肢动物8种,线形动物1种.密度和生物量分别为142ind/m2和0.99g/m2.优势种类为大红德永摇蚊和霍甫水丝蚓.密度季节变化顺序为春季>冬季>秋季>夏季;生物量季节变化为春季>冬季>夏季>秋季.密度和生物量的水平分布为上游>库湾>中游>下游.生物量与水深呈负相关关系;与水温、底泥TN、TP无显著相关关系.应用Goodnight-Whitley生物指数等对水质进行评价,结果显示该水库受到中等污染.提出在深水水库中不宜用Shannon-Wiener指数和Margalef指数等多样性指数评价水质. 相似文献
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2014年4个季度对洞庭湖大型底栖动物进行调查,共记录底栖动物4门7纲58种,其中寡毛类7种,软体动物28种,水生昆虫19种,线虫1种,蛭类2种,钩虾1种.洞庭湖底栖动物平均密度为187.4 ind./m~2,软体动物是最主要的类群,平均密度为88.7 ind./m~2,占总密度的47.3%,寡毛类和水生昆虫的密度分别为24.1和27.8 ind./m~2,分别占总密度的12.9%和14.9%.河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)、铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)、苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi)、指突隐摇蚊(Cryptochironomus digitatus)和钩虾(Gammaridae sp.)为洞庭湖的优势种.典范对应分析表明,水温和溶解氧是影响洞庭湖底栖动物分布的关键环境因子.采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和BI生物指数对洞庭湖各样点的水质状况进行评价,总体上评价结果分别为轻污染和良好,结果表明二者具有一定的差异,结合洞庭湖各样点的综合营养状态指数可以看出,BI指数的评价更加适合洞庭湖水质评价. 相似文献
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巢湖沉积物重金属富集特征与人为污染评价 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：9
本文分析了巢湖主要入湖河流河口区表层沉积物及西部湖心区沉积岩芯中Al、Fe、Ni、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Li、V等金属元素变化特征,采用地球化学方法对金属元素变化的"粒度效应"进行矫正,并以Li、V为参照元素对矫正结果进行检验;参考历史沉积物,对河口区及西部湖心区沉积物重金属人为污染特征进行分析;结合沉积岩芯210Pb年代结果,估算西部湖心区近150a来Ni、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb等重金属元素的人为污染贡献量.结果表明,河口表层沉积物重金属污染具有显著的空间差异,南淝河河口重金属人为污染最重,其中Ni、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb的人为污染贡献量分别为12.2、32.2、25.3、479.9和76.0 mg/kg,分别占总含量的35%、37%、64%、92%和77%;其次是柘皋河河口,主要重金属污染元素为Cu、Zn和Pb,人为污染贡献量达57.6、57.0和19.5 mg/kg,分别占总含量的73%、47%和36%;而派河、白石山河、杭埠河等河口表层沉积物中重金属元素人为污染程度较弱.巢湖西部湖心区主要污染元素为Cu、Zn、Pb,人为污染开始于1950s,1980年以来其人为污染贡献量显著增加,平均为16.2、245.6、47.8 mg/(m2.a),分别占各元素沉积通量的23%、61%和37%;Ni人为污染开始于1980s初期,人为污染贡献量平均为12.6 mg/(m2.a),占其沉积通量的13%左右;Cr基本未受人为污染影响.西部湖心区沉积岩芯及南淝河河口表层沉积物中重金属污染程度均表现为Zn>Pb>Cu,而且南淝河河口沉积物重金属污染程度显著高于西部湖心区.结合主要入湖河流径流量与河口沉积物重金属污染特征,认为巢湖西部湖心区重金属污染主要通过南淝河输入,来自合肥等城市的废水是主要的污染源. 相似文献
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巢湖富营养化的历程、空间分布与治理策略(1984-2013年) 总被引：20，自引：13，他引：7
通过文献调研,分析巢湖富营养化的历程及其与合肥市社会、经济与人口发展的关系,同时利用遥感解译和野外调查监测方法分析2012和2013年巢湖主要富营养化指标及蓝藻水华的空间分布特征,并进一步探讨各个阶段湖泊治理措施对巢湖富营养化过程的影响.研究发现:近30年间,1984-1994年是巢湖水质的主要恶化阶段,在1990s中期巢湖的富营养化达到了近30年的峰值,这主要是经济快速发展、污染治理投入有限所致;1995-2007年,巢湖的水质逐步改善,恢复到1980s中期略高的水平,这得益于"九五"和"十五"期间的大量投入,对污、废水进行处理,限制了污染物直接入湖;但是2008年以来,巢湖的水质改善效果并不明显,富营养化维持在较高水平波动,这可能是因为合肥市经济快速发展背景下,原有的污、废水处理后入湖的减排方式已经不能进一步有效削减巢湖的污染负荷.巢湖富营养化在空间分布上呈现西高东低的渐变趋势,这主要是由西部主要入湖河流污染所致.通过对比2012和2013年的空间分布数据发现,2013年主要入湖污染河流河口水质相对2012年均有所好转,其中十五里河河口的好转比南淝河河口明显.综合长期及全湖富营养化水平的变化分析,现阶段巢湖富营养化的治理亟需改变经济发展模式,调整产业结构,实施污废水尾水提标改造、畜禽养殖污染控制和面源污染控制等控源工程,以进一步降低巢湖的富营养化程度. 相似文献
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Effect of streambed sediment on benthic ecology 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
Xuehua DUAN Zhao-Yin WANG Mengzhen XU Kang ZHANG Ph.D. Jiangyin Environmental Monitoring Station Jiangyin China Dept. of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Prof. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience Engineering Beijing Doctoral c idate Doctoral c idate Be... 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(3):325-338
Benthic macroinvertebrates have been commonly used as indicator species for assessment of aquatic ecology. Streambed sediment, or substrate, plays an important role in habitat conditions for macroinvertebrate communities. Field investigations were done to study the benthic diversity and macroinvertebrate compositions in various stream substrata. Sampling sites with different bed sediment, latitude, and climate were selected along the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the East River, and the Juma River, in China. The results show that benthic community structures found in different substrata clearly differ, while those found in substrata of similar composition and flow conditions but in different macroclimates are similar. The study, thus, demonstrates that the benthic macroinvertebrate community is mainly affected by substrate composition and flow conditions, but is generally unaffected by latitudinal position and macroclimate. Taxa richness of the maeroinvertebrate community was found to be the highest on hydrophyte-covered cobbles, high on moss-covered bedrock, and low on clay beds and cobble beds devoid of plant biomass. Sandy beds are compact and unstable, thus, no benthic macroinvertebrates were found colonizing such substrata. Aquatic insects account for most of the macroinvertebrates collected in these rivers. Different insects dominate in different types of substrata： mainly EPT species （Ephemeroptera, Ptecoptera, Tfichoptera） in cobble, gravel, and moss-covered bedrock; and Chironomidae larvae in clay beds. The relation between the number of species in the samples and the size of the sampling area fits a power function of the species area. One square meter （lm） is suggested as the minimum sampling area. A substrate suitability index is proposed by integrating the suitability of sediment, periphyton, and benthic organic materials for macroinvertebrates. The biodiversity of macroinvertebrates increases linearly with the substrate suitability index. Benthic taxa richness increases linearly with the suitability index. 相似文献
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Michal Horsák Jind?iška Bojková Světlana Zahrádková Marie Omesová Jan Helešic 《Limnologica》2009,39(2):140-151
In order to assess and compare the ecological impacts of channelization and shallow lowland reservoirs, macroinvertebrate communities of a lowland metapotamal river below reservoirs with epilimnial release were studied. The study was carried out in the Dyje River (Czech Republic) at five sites located from 1.5 to 22.5 km downstream of the reservoir outfall. The five sites differed in the degree of channel modification from natural muddy banks to riprap regulation. Seven samples were collected during the years 1998 and 1999 at each site using a semiquantitative method. The data were processed using multivariate analyses and methods for assessing the ecological and functional structure of communities. Altogether, 261 species of benthic macroinvertebrates were recorded including several rare and threatened taxa. Based on the results of principal component analysis (PCA), most of the variability within the species data (the first PCA axis) was explained by the degree of channel modification, from natural muddy banks with aquatic vegetation to a man-made riprap. The second axis was strongly correlated with current velocity. The sites differed in species richness, total abundances, proportion of individual functional feeding groups, pattern of the distribution of the current preference groups, and values of several biotic indexes, all of which also corresponded to the degree of channel modification. Thus, the morphological man-made modifications of the river channel were found to be the main factor affecting lowland river macroinvertebrates and their biodiversity. Our results suggest that the biggest threat to benthic macroinvertebrate diversity of lowland rivers comes from channelization. The impact of reservoirs can be completely overwhelmed by the impact of channelization, especially when muddy banks with aquatic vegetation present a substantial part of habitat diversity and significantly contribute to the total species pool. 相似文献
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Macroinvertebrates in the bed sediment of the Yellow River 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Paul G.CLOSE 《国际泥沙研究》2011,(3):255-268
Extensive agricultural,industrial and urban development in the Yellow River,China,have modified the sediment-water balance,flow and inundation regimes,longitudinal connectivity,integrity of riparian vegetation,and water quality.Macroinvertebrate assemblages in the bed sediment of main channel and major reservoirs of the Yellow River are described in detail for the first time.A total of 74 taxa comprising 17 taxa of oligochaetes,48 taxa of aquatic insects,5 taxa of molluscs,and 4 taxa of other animals were recorded.A range of feeding guilds were represented,including, collector-gatherers(32 taxa),predators(17 taxa),scrapers(16 taxa),shredders(6 taxa)and collector-filterers(2 taxa).Both the mean density and biomass of macroinvertebrates were significantly higher in sites located in the artificial reservoirs compared with the main river channel. Assemblages varied spatially;Oligochaetes dominated assemblages in upper reaches,insects dominated in middle reaches and other animals(e.g.Crustacea)dominated in lower reaches. Collector-gatherers were dominant throughout the entire river.Classification analysis identified five site-groups on the basis of macroinvertebrate presence/absence:downstream of reservoirs;vegetated sites;reservoir sites;polluted sites,and;lower-reach sites.Lower macroinvertebrate richness,density and biomass,compared with other similar large rivers,were attributed to modification of the sediment-water balance and associated disturbance of benthic habitats.Pollution,stability of sediment and sediment concentration combined to influence the distribution of macroinvertebrates.This knowledge will substantially benefit the recent focus on the health and environmental water requirements of the Yellow River. 相似文献
19.
Biological assessment of the Zayandeh Rud River, Iran, using benthic macroinvertebrates 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mohammad Nemati Varnosfaderany Esa Ebrahimi Noorolla Mirghaffary Alireza Safyanian 《Limnologica》2010,40(3):226-232
Benthic macroinvertebrate communities from the middle of Zayandeh Rud River were analyzed monthly during 1 year at 8 stations, in order to assess changes in their diversity and richness in relation to water quality. Two major groups of sites based on similarity between macroinvertebrate communities were identified by cluster analysis. The performances of the original and revised BMWP score systems were assessed by comparing the community structure indices of benthic macroinvertebrates along with physico-chemical parameters of the water. The biotic indices (BMWP, ASPT, revised BMWP and ASPT) showed better correlation with water quality parameters than that of the richness and diversity indices. The revised ASPT had the highest correlation with water quality parameters. It seems that the application of the revised BMWP score system could be useful for assessment of the water quality in Zayandeh Rud River. 相似文献