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1.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(6)
在地震波传播数值模拟的过程中,需要使用吸收边界条件达到衰减人为边界反射的目的,其中完全匹配层(PML)吸收边界条件被认为是目前最理想的吸收边界条件.但在三维地震波传播数值模拟中直接应用常规的PML吸收边界条件存在编程实现复杂、计算资源需求高等不足之处.本文基于传统的NPML吸收边界条件,提出了一种改进的方法.该方法通过引入伸展函数和辅助变量,把PML介质中的三维弹性波动方程分解成正常计算项和衰减项,其中衰减项的计算只在PML区域内部进行,其值只与坐标轴的方向相关,可通过离散数值迭代求解.分析和试验结果表明,该方法避免了卷积运算,减少了辅助变量的个数,具有理论方程简洁、编程实现简单、计算资源需求少等优点,能更有效地解决三维地震波传播数值模拟中的吸收边界问题. 相似文献
2.
《应用地球物理》2017,(2)
地震波场数值模拟中不可避免地会出现边界反射,一般采用吸收边界条件以压制人工边界反射。目前常用的分裂式完全匹配层(PML)边界条件需要在边界处进行特殊处理,尤其是在三维情况下需要将变量分裂为三个分量,增加了数值模拟的计算时间和内存占用量。与分裂式PML吸收边界条件相比,混合吸收边界条件(HABC)具有易于实现、计算量小和吸收效果好等优点,可以提高三维波动方程数值模拟的计算效率。本文将基于一阶Higdon单程波方程的混合吸收边界条件从二维计算域发展到三维,提出了适用于三维弹性波数值模拟的混合吸收边界条件。均匀模型以及复杂模型的三维数值模拟结果表明,混合吸收边界条件与传统的完全匹配层边界条件相比,具有效率高、吸收效果好的优势。 相似文献
3.
弹性波正演模拟中改进的非分裂式PML实现方法(英文) 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
在弹性波有限差分正演模拟中,吸收边界条件常用来吸收截断边界处引入的不期望边界反射,其中完全匹配层(PML)吸收边界条件被认为是目前最理想的吸收边界条件。但是PML吸收边界条件的传统实现却存在着很大不足:全局分裂式PML吸收边界条件实现简单但是需要占用太多内存;局部分裂式PML吸收边界条件需要考虑多个边界和角点区域,编程实现非常复杂;非分裂式PML吸收边界条件由于涉及卷积运算,计算量很大。本文基于非分裂式PML吸收边界条件,结合复频移伸展函数,提出了一种新的数值实现方法,其计算方程简单、占用内存小、编程实现容易,是对PML介质理论数值实现的改进和完善。 相似文献
4.
介绍了完美匹配层(PML)人工边界可以吸收不同频率和任意角度入射波的原理以及PML人工边界的构造方法. 在此基础上，将PML人工边界应用于地震波动数值模拟的速度应力混合有限元格式中，探讨了PML应用的可行性，并通过数值试验研究了PML人工边界的反射率，比较了PML人工边界与多次透射公式(MTF)人工边界应用于体波和面波模拟中数值反射的差异，对两种边界的透射效果进行了分析. 结果表明， 尽管数值离散后PML人工边界不再保持完美匹配特性，但PML人工边界在近场波动数值模拟中可获得比MTF人工边界更为理想的吸收效果，在角点透射、大角度掠射情形下尤为明显；PML人工边界在混合有限元格式的数值算法中，未见失稳等不良反应，比MTF人工边界有更好的稳定性；在合理选择参数的情况下，PML人工边界的运算量可接受. 相似文献
5.
完全匹配层(PML)作为一种稳定高效的吸收边界条件,广泛应用于基于一阶电磁波动方程的探地雷达(GPR)数值模拟中.为解决基于二阶电磁波动方程的GPR数值模拟的吸收边界问题,本文借鉴二阶弹性波动方程的PML边界条件构建思想,提出了一种适合二阶电磁波动方程GPR时域有限元模拟的PML边界条件.从二阶电磁波动方程出发,基于复拉伸坐标变换,推导了PML算法的频域表达式;通过合理构造辅助微分方程,得到了PML算法的时域表达式,并以变分形式(弱形式)加载到GPR时域有限元方程中,实现了PML边界条件在二阶电磁波动方程GPR时域有限元模拟中的应用.在此基础上,对比了无边界条件、Sarma边界条件和PML边界条件下均匀模型的波场快照、单道波形、时域反射误差和能量衰减曲线,结果表明:PML边界条件的吸收效果要远优于Sarma边界条件,具有近似零反射系数.一个复杂介质模型的正演模拟验证了PML边界条件在非均匀地电结构中电磁波传播模拟的良好吸收效果. 相似文献
6.
常规完全匹配吸收边界(PML)对以近掠射角入射到界面上的波以及低频波、损耗波都会产生虚假边界反射.基于递归积分的不分裂复频移PML算法,利用复频移拉伸函数,极大地改善了PML边界条件的性能,我们进一步推导出基于递归积分的不分裂复频移PML弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分法,对长条形介质模型进行数值模拟,与常规PML算法进行比较说明该算法对以掠射角入射到PML界面的波以及PML层内损耗波的吸收效果. 相似文献
7.
边界反射处理是地震数值模拟中需要研究的重要问题之一。本文将数学科学计算中提出的双吸收边界条件(DABC)(Hagstrom et al.,2014)应用到地震波场数值模拟中。该方法将一种局部高精度吸收边界(ABC)应用于两条平行的人工边界上,从而实现对边界反射的双吸收。本文以二维声波方程为例,设计一个基于DABC的有限差分(FD)正演方案,给出详细推导过程和实现步骤,相对于完全匹配层(PML),其理论分析和实现难度大大降低,稳定性和灵活性亦得到一定程度的增强。文章最后对典型的均质模型和SEG盐丘模型进行有限差分数值模拟实验,实验结果表明,DABC能够得到远远优于Clayton-Engquist边界条件(CEBC)的吸收效果,并与PML吸收效果相当。 相似文献
8.
全局反射误差分析是深入研究探地雷达(GPR)吸收边界条件吸收效率的有力工具.基于常规完全匹配层(PML)的标准交错网格有限差分算法必须满足严格的CFL条件限制,即在单位时间步长内,不容许电磁波传播的距离超过单元网格尺寸.为了提高主区域所有网格节点的计算效率,并有效地吸收传播后期出现的低频隐失波,提出基于非分裂递归卷积完全匹配层(UCPML)的旋转交错网格(RSG)GPR正演算法.该算法采用不同的网格交错策略,并在边界条件中引入了吸收低频隐失波的自由可变因子,使得该算法允许选取较大的时间步长,提高了计算效率,并且实现了对低频隐失波的高效吸收.本文首先给出了RSG差分格式,推导了基于UCPML的RSG差分更新方程,探讨了数值色散的稳定性条件,然后以绕射现象严重的衰减夹层数值模拟为例,分别从波场快照、单道波记录、时间域反射误差(TDRE)、频率域反射误差(FDRE)四个方面分析了UCPML与常规PML的全局反射误差,说明了基于UCPML和RSG的GPR正演算法能更有效地吸收低频隐失波. 相似文献
9.
《应用地球物理》2019,(4)
无网格有限差分法能有效提高数值模拟的几何灵活性,且无需网格映射或复杂的网格生成过程。RBF-FD (基于径向基函数的有限差分)是最常用的无网格有限差分法之一,可以准确模拟地震波在非矩形计算域中的传播。本文提出适于弹性波方程无网格有限差分数值解的PML (完全匹配层)吸收边界条件,可以应用于非矩形速度模型的边界。但是PML吸收边界对近掠射波、低频波的吸收效果不好。为此,我们继续提出适于弹性波方程无网格有限差分数值解的CFS-PML(复频移完全匹配层)吸收边界条件。本文所提两种边界条件均是通过构造辅助微分方程,得到不分裂时域表达式,具有存储量小、便于编程实现的特点。模拟结果表明,两种PML吸收边界条件都能有效地消除无网格有限差分数值模拟的人工边界反射。此外,本文所提CFS-PML相较PML对近掠射波和损耗波的吸收效果更好。 相似文献
10.
SH波场中完全匹配层吸收边界研究(英文) 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
无限域中的波动方程数值模拟往往需要稳定有效的吸收边界来消除人为边界截断所引起的虚假反射.本文首先写出了全匹配层(PML)内SH波的波动方程推导结果,并给出了方程的Crank-Nicolson计算格式与其中窄间导数2阶,6阶,10阶精度的有限差分算法以及伪谱法算法.然后设计了均匀各向同性介质模型和分层溶洞模型并引入图像处理中的信噪比(SNR)概念来定量研究边界吸收效果同PML宽度、不同精度算法的关系.数值结果表明当匹配层宽度比较薄时可以用低精度的有限差格式来获得比较好的吸收效果,当匹配层比较宽时,采用高精度的算法可以获得很好的吸收效果.最后对"反射系数"进行了讨论,指出"反射系数"的不足和文中用SNR来定量衡量吸收边界 相似文献
11.
A good artificial boundary treatment in a seismic wave grid-based numerical simulation can reduce the size of the computational region and increase the computational efficiency, which is becoming increasingly important for seismic migration and waveform inversion tasks requiring hundreds or thousands of simulations. Two artificial boundary techniques are commonly used: perfectly matched layers (PMLs), which exhibit the excellent absorption performance but impose a greater computational burden by using finite layers to gradually reduce wave amplitudes; and absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs), which have the high computational efficiency but are less effective in absorption because they employ the one-way wave equation at the exterior boundary. Naturally, PMLs have been combined with ABCs to reduce the number of PMLs, thus improving the computational efficiency; many studies have proposed such hybrid PMLs. Depending on the equations from which the ABCs are derived, there are two hybrid PML variants: the PML+unstretched ABC (UABC), in which the ABC is derived from a physical equation; or the PML+stretched ABC (SABC), in which the ABC is derived from the PML equation. Even though all the previous studies concluded that hybrid PMLs can improve the absorption performance, none of them quantified how many PMLs can be removed by combining the PML with the ABC compared with the pure PML. In this paper, we systematically study the absorption performance of the two hybrid PML variants. We develop a method to distinguish the artificial reflections from the PML-interior interface and those caused by the PML exterior boundary to accurately approximate the additional absorption achieved by using the UABC and the SABC. The reflection coefficients based on a theoretical derivation and numerical tests both show that the UABC amplifies most reflections and is not recommended in any situation; conversely, the SABC can always diminish reflections, but the additional absorption achieved by the SABC is relatively poor and cannot effectively reduce the number of PMLs. In contrast, we find that simply increasing the damping parameter improves absorption better than the PML+SABC. Our results show that the improvement in absorption achieved by combining the PML with either the SABC or the UABC is not better than that obtained by simply adjusting the damping profile of the PML; thus, combining the PML with the ABC is not recommended in practice. 相似文献
12.
The paper presents a detailed reexamination of the effects of three damping models on the inelastic seismic response of structures with massless degrees of freedom. The models considered correspond to (a) Rayleigh damping based on current properties (tangent stiffness), (b) Rayleigh damping based on initial properties, and (c) modal damping. The results suggest that some nonzero damping forces/moments at massless DOFs obtained in multistory frames for the case of Rayleigh damping with tangent stiffness may be numerical artifacts rather than a deficiency of the damping model. The results also indicate that significant artificial numerical oscillations in the velocities of the secondary components of MDOF structures are introduced when modal damping or mass-proportional damping is used. 相似文献
13.
地层的Q吸收会造成地震波振幅衰减、相位畸变,分辨率和信噪比明显降低.反Q滤波可消除由于地层Q吸收造成的振幅衰减和相位畸变,从而提高地震资料的分辨率;但反Q滤波振幅补偿的数值不稳定性问题会严重降低地震资料的信噪比,并产生很多假象.截止频率法和稳定因子法反Q滤波振幅补偿方法虽可控制数值非稳定性问题,但振幅补偿函数的增益限为一个时不变的常数,且与地震数据动态范围无关,其经常会压制深层地震波的高频成分,反而降低地震资料的分辨率;因此,本文在研究截止频率法和稳定因子法的基础上,结合地震数据的动态范围对地震记录分辨率的影响,提出了一种自适应增益限的反Q滤波振幅补偿方法,其增益限和稳定因子都是时变的,且都自适应于地震数据有效频带的截止频率.合成数据和实际数据试算表明,本文的自适应增益限的反Q滤波方法可恢复地震信号有效频带范围内的能量,且能较好地控制数值非稳定性问题,最终获得高分辨率和高信噪比的地震数据. 相似文献
14.
本文研究了一种基于随机地震反演的Russell流体因子直接估算方法,该方法是一种基于蒙特卡罗的非线性反演,能够有效地融合测井资料中的高频信息,提高反演结果的分辨率.本文应用贝叶斯理论框架,首先通过测井数据计算井位置处的Russell流体因子,利用序贯高斯模拟方法(sequential Gaussian simulation,SGS)得到流体因子的先验信息;然后构建似然函数;最后利用Metropolis抽样算法对后验概率密度进行抽样,得到反演的Russell流体因子.其中对每道数据进行序贯高斯模拟时,采用一种新的逐点模拟方式,具有较高的计算速度.数值试验表明:反演结果与理论模型和实际测井数据吻合较好,具有较高的分辨率,对于判识储层含流体特征具有较好的指示作用. 相似文献
15.
由于金属矿区地震记录中随机噪声性质复杂且信噪比低,常规降噪方法难以达到预期的滤波效果.时频峰值滤波(TFPF)方法是实现低信噪比地震勘探记录中随机噪声压制的有效方法,但其在复杂地震勘探随机噪声下时窗参数优化问题仍难以解决.本文充分利用地震勘探噪声的统计特性,结合Shapiro-Wilk(SW)统计量辨识地震勘探记录中的微弱有效信号,提出基于SW统计量的自适应时频峰值滤波降噪方法(S-TFPF).在S-TFPF方案中,对于有效信号集中区,S-TFPF方法根据信号频率特征,选择有利于信号保持的较短时窗长度;对于噪声集中区,按噪声方差自适应增加时窗长度,增强随机噪声压制能力.S-TFPF应用于合成记录和共炮点记录的滤波结果表明,与传统时频峰值滤波方法相比,S-TFPF方法可以有效抑制低信噪比地震勘探记录中的随机噪声,更好地恢复出同相轴. 相似文献
16.
A method for seismic design of plane steel moment resisting frames based on the use of equivalent modal damping ratios is developed. The method determines the design base shear of the structure through spectrum analysis using rationally obtained equivalent modal damping ratios instead of the crude strength reduction (behavior) factor. An equivalent linear structure, which retains the mass and initial stiffness of the original non-linear structure and takes into account geometrical non-linearity and inelasticity in the form of equivalent, time-invariant, modal damping ratios is established. The equivalent damping ratios for the first few significant modes are numerically computed by first iteratively forming a frequency response transfer function modulus until it satisfies certain smoothness criteria and then by solving a set of non-linear algebraic equations. Thus, design equations providing equivalent damping ratios as functions of period and allowable deformation and damage are constructed using extensive numerical data coming from plane steel moment resisting frames excited by various seismic motions. These equations can be used in conjunction with a design spectrum, appropriately constructed for high damping values, and modal synthesis tools to calculate the seismic design forces of the structure. The proposed method is illustrated by numerical examples. It is concluded that unlike the usual approach of seismic codes employing a single common value of the strength reduction factor value for all modes, the proposed approach working with deformation and damage dependent equivalent modal damping ratios leads to more accurate and deformation and damage controlled results. 相似文献
17.
等效阻尼比对基于位移的抗震设计的影响分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
等效阻尼比是基于位移抗震设计中确定等效周期的一个关键参数。通过对不同研究者提出的等效阻尼比模型进行比较研究,重点讨论了滞回模型、延性系数和等效周期对等效阻尼比的影响。结果表明,不同等效阻尼比模型的总体变化趋势是一致的;滞回模型对等效阻尼比有很大影响,Ramberg-Osgood模型的等效阻尼比是Flagshaped模型的2.56倍;等效阻尼比随着延性系数的增大而增大,尤其在μ=2～4范围内变化幅度最大;短周期与中长周期等效阻尼比相差2倍多,故等效周期小于1 s时,必须考虑其对等效阻尼比的影响。 相似文献
18.
This paper explores the influence of linear hysteretic damping on the performance of passive tuned-inerter devices. An inerter is a device that produces a force proportional to the relative acceleration across its two terminals; devices incorporating inerters have received widespread attention in the earthquake engineering community, because they offer the ability to improve the seismic response of structures. However, the majority of this research has assumed that the damping components within the tuned-inerter device exhibit viscous, rather than hysteretic, damping. This restriction imposes an essential question on how the hysteretic damping model will change the performance of the device compared with the viscous damping model. It is shown that the response of viscous and hysteretic inerter systems have significant differences in displacement amplitude due to the frequency dependency of the damping. Therefore, a new formulation for obtaining the optimum loss factor of the hysteretic damping in the inerter system is proposed. Next, the challenges associated with accurately predicting the time-response of a hysteretically damped system are discussed. A numerical time-integration method is extended to address these challenges, using a new formulation that has the benefit of being broadly applicable to multidegree-of-freedom hysteretic linear systems and nonstationary random signals. The results show that the earthquake responses from the hysteretic damping model can differ significantly from the ones obtained via the viscous model. 相似文献
19.
基于L2范数的常规全波形反演目标函数是一个强非线性泛函，在反演过程中容易陷入局部极小值.本文提出归一化能量谱目标函数来缓解全波形反演过程中的强非线性问题，同时能够有效地缓解噪声和震源子波不准等因素的影响.能量谱目标函数是通过匹配观测数据与模拟数据随频率分布的能量信息来实现最小二乘反演的，其忽略了地震数据波形与相位变化的细节特征，这在反演的过程中能够有效缓解波形匹配错位等问题.数值测试结果表明，基于归一化能量谱目标函数在构建初始速度模型、抗噪性和缓解震源子波依赖等方面都优于归一化全波形反演目标函数.金属矿模型测试结果表明，即使地震数据缺失低频分量，基于归一化能量谱目标函数的全波形反演方法在像金属矿这样的强散射介质反演问题上同样具有一定的优势. 相似文献
20.
A rate‐dependent constitutive model of high damping rubber bearings: modeling and experimental verification 
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下载免费PDF全文 Yong Yuan Wei Wei Ping Tan Akira Igarashi Hongping Zhu Hirokazu Iemura Tetsuhiko Aoki 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(11):1875-1892
In this study, a constitutive model of high damping rubber bearings (HDRBs) is developed that allows the accurate representation of the force–displacement relationship including rate‐dependence for shear deformation. The proposed constitutive model consists of two hyperelastic springs and a nonlinear dashpot element and expresses the finite deformation viscoelasticity laws based on the classical Zener model. The Fletcher–Gent effect, manifested as high horizontal stiffness at small strains and caused by the carbon fillers in HDRBs, is accurately expressed through an additional stiffness correction factor α in the novel strain energy function. Several material parameters are used to simulate the responses of high damping rubber at various strain levels, and a nonlinear viscosity coefficient η is introduced to characterize the rate‐dependent property. A parameter identification scheme is applied to the results of the multi‐step relaxation tests and the cyclic shear tests, and a three‐dimensional function of the nonlinear viscosity coefficient η with respect to the strain, and strain rate is thus obtained. Finally, to investigate the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed model for application to the seismic response assessment of bridges equipped with HDRBs, an improved real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) test system based on the velocity loading method is developed. A single‐column bridge was used as a test bed and HDRBs was physically tested. Comparing the numerical and RTHS results, advantage of the proposed model in the accuracy of the predicted seismic response over comparable hysteretic models is demonstrated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献