共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
钻孔崩落法是地应力测量的一种重要方法，但是考虑到岩石力学性质的非均匀性，崩落方法角会偏离最小主应力方向。用Weibull分布来描述岩石力学性质的离散性，用RFPA方法对非均匀岩石的钻孔崩落方位角进行了模拟。通过对模拟结果的分析，研究了非均匀岩石钻孔崩落方位角的分布情况。指出了RFPA方法进一步应用的前景。 相似文献
2.
福建沿海晚第四纪的地壳运动 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用地表露头剖面和钻孔剖面资料，阐述了福建沿海晚第四纪地壳运动的特征，指出该地区晚更新世期间发生了幅度较大的下降运动，全新世以来，沿海盆地、平原和海湾继续下降，其余地区则显著上升。福建沿海的盆地、平原和海湾的形成、发育常受到北东和北西向两组断裂的控制。阐明这些地区晚第四纪的地壳运动对于研究断裂的活动性、地震预测预报以及重大工程的区域稳定性评价均有重要意义。 相似文献
3.
A numerical method of viscoelastic finite element coupled with spring-block model is developed to study temporal processes from the slow tectonic motion of large-scale crust to the rapid failure of small-scale faults. Our modeling demonstrates that the motion of crustal blocks is driven by forces from tectonic plate boundaries, and the deformation is distributed on faults for the stress accumulating. The coupling model generates earthquake sequences that display a magnitude-frequency scaling consistent with Gutenberg-Richter law. The frictional heterogeneities affect earthquakes occurrence and stresses distribution of crustal blocks. Rupture of earthquakes starts at the nucleation node, and propagates bilaterally along faults with the stress triggering, release and redistribution. The failure of faults releases part of crustal stresses, the stress state of crustal blocks near fault is affected by the rupture of local segments on the fault, and the stress state of crustal blocks far away from the fault is controlled by the seismic activity of the whole fault. 相似文献
4.
A numerical method of viscoelastic finite element coupled with spring-block model is developed to study temporal processes from the slow tectonic motion of large-scale crust to the rapid failure of small-scale faults. Our modeling demonstrates that the motion of crustal blocks is driven by forces from tectonic plate boundaries, and the deformation is distributed on faults for the stress accumulating. The coupling model generates earthquake sequences that display a magnitude-frequency scaling consistent with Gutenberg-Richter law. The frictional heterogeneities affeci earthquakes occurrence and stresses distribution of crustal blocks. Rupture of earthquakes starts at the nucleation node, and propagates bilaterally along faults with the stress triggering, release and redistribution. The failure of faults releases part of crustal stresses, the stress state of crustal blocks near fault is affected by the rupture of local segments on the fault, and the stress state of crustal blocks far away from the fault is controlled by the seismic activity of the whole fault. 相似文献
5.
在坑道中或地表上,对地壳形变所进行的各种观测,是了解地下应力活动的重要手段。目前,国内外开展在岩石中钻孔进行应力测定存在的问题,是受局部偶然因素的影响较大,需要注意克服。 求取地下岩体中的实际应力值,不仅是地震预报工作的需要,也是建筑、水坝、隧道、 相似文献
6.
7.
作为《三电极系侧向测井径向几何因子》一文的继续,本文讨沦了三电极系侧向测井仪的纵向特性。除了现在考虑的介质是层状结构,并且略去了井眼和侵入带的影响之外,所有的前提都和参考资料[1]相同。给出了近似电位场和纵向几何因子。 相似文献
8.
On the state of stress in the near-surface of the earth's crust 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Five models for near-surface crustal stresses induced by gravity and horizontal deformation and the influence of rock property contrasts, rock strength, and stress relaxation on these stresses are presented. Three of the models—the lateral constraint model, the model for crustal stresses caused by horizontal deformation, and the model for the effects of anisotropy—are linearly elastic. The other two models assume that crustal rocks are brittle or viscoelastic in order to account for the effects of rock strength and time on near-surface stresses. It is shown that the lateral constraint model is simply a special case of the combined gravity-and deformation-induced stress field when horizontal strains vanish and that the inclusion of the effect of rock anisotropy in the solution for crustal stresses caused by gravity and horizontal deformation broadens the range for predicted stresses. It is also shown that when stress levels in the crust reach the limits of brittle rock strength, these stresses become independent of strain rates and that stress relaxation in ductile crustal rocks subject to constant horizontal strain rates causes horizontal stresses to become independent of time in the long term. 相似文献
9.
钻孔岩芯古地磁研究方法进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文介绍一种运用现代地磁场黏滞剩磁以及磁组构测试数据对钻孔岩芯进行古地磁研究的方法，并成功地将其应用于塔里本盆地北部钻孔岩芯的古地磁研究。作者还就有关的一些问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
10.
Introduction Analyzing tectonic stress field based on focal mechanism data is an important way to the study tectonic evolvement of lithosphere and associated dynamic process. Such studies growrapidly in China and abroad (Zoback, 1992; Plenefisch, Bonjer, 1997; XU, 1985; CUI, XIE, 1999). At present most of the studies focus on the inversion of focal mechanism data for the direction and relative magnitude of stress tensor, and few on absolute stress. Using focal mechanism and fault scratch,… 相似文献
11.
This report describes the construction and properties of a Ge(Li) bore hole probe for in situ gamma ray spectrometry. The probe has the form of a cylinder 8.9 cm in diameter and 160 cm long. It contains a 22 cm3 coaxial Ge(Li) detector, cooled by liquid nitrogen. Holding time of the assembled probe is in excess of ten hours, energy resolution is 2.3 keV for 122 keV photons and 2.6 keV for 1333 keV photons. The probe has been used in field experiments in the Ranstad uranium mine and for the study of neutron activation spectra obtained in bore hole models. Results from these experiments are presented and discussed. It is stressed that the Ge(Li) probe gives promise to become a powerful tool in bore hole activation analysis. 相似文献
12.
从大地测量技术、地震观测技术和钻孔应变观测技术３种地面运动观测方法在观测频频带和观测精度方面的互补性,探讨了钻孔应变观测技术的发展方向,指出钻孔应变观测应将观测重点放在周期数十秒到数十天的短临信息频段,同时指出,钻孔应变观测可以同时用于声和高频地震观测,以获取更多的短临信息。 相似文献
13.
细长杆与圆孔孔壁接触碰撞问题的动力间隙元法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过在任意曲率的细长杆节点和圆孔孔壁之间构造一种虚拟单元－－动力间隙元，将任意曲率的细长杆与圆孔孔壁连接起来，使其间的接触碰撞问题转化为平衡方程问题。文中针对石油工程中钻柱这类典型的细长杆与圆形井壁的接触碰撞问题进行了求解。结果表明，动力间隙元能较好地解决细长杆（如钻柱）与圆孔孔壁（如井壁）的接触碰撞问题。 相似文献
14.
15.
Geological and geophysical studies of the Nojima Fault from drilling: An outline of the Nojima Fault Zone Probe 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Masataka Ando 《Island Arc》2001,10(3-4):206-214
Abstract The Nojima Fault Zone Probe was designed to study the properties and recovery processes of the Nojima Fault, which moved during the Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake ( M JMA 7.2) of 1995. Three holes, 500 m, 800 m and 1800 m deep, were drilled into or near the fault zone by the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University. The 500 m and 800 m holes were drilled in November 1995, and in December 1996 the last hole reached its final depth of 1760 m. The significant results are: (i) Geological and geophysical reconstruction of the structure and evolution of the Nojima Fault was obtained; (ii) the maximum compression axis was found to be perpendicular to the fault, approximately 45° to the regional compression stress axis; (iii) micro-earthquakes (m = –2 to +1) were induced by water injections 1–3 km from the injection points in the 1800 m hole; (iv) the fault zone was measured to be 30 m wide from microscopic studies of core samples. Instruments such as three-component seismometers, crustal deformation instruments, and thermometers were installed in the holes. 相似文献
16.
作为控制断层两盘相对运动的重要因素,断裂带介质力学性能与断层面上的滑动速率及应力状态、区域地壳运动速度场等密切相关.受印度板块北东向推挤以及阿拉善地块和鄂尔多斯地块的阻挡作用,青藏高原东北缘构造变形复杂.本文在综合区域动力学环境、活动断裂空间展布以及下地壳黏滞性结构的基础上构建了青藏高原东北缘三维有限元动力学模型;以GPS速度场为约束模拟研究了断层剪切力学性能对区域地壳运动速度场图像的控制作用,进而在最优模型基础上分析了当前青藏高原东北缘不同断裂的应力状态.结果显示：阿尔金断裂东段和广义海原断裂对区域地壳运动速度场控制作用强烈,但二者剪切力学性能相反,阿尔金断裂东段断层剪切模量与周边地壳介质相当,而广义海原断裂断层剪切模量可低至周边地壳介质剪切模量的1/10000;六盘山断裂和西秦岭北缘断裂对区域地壳运动速度场的控制作用较弱,模拟结果显示二者均具有较强的剪切力学性能.基于最佳模型的应力状态分析指出：阿尔金断裂东段,广义海原断裂西段的木里—江仓断裂、中段的金强河—毛毛山—老虎山断裂、东段的六盘山断裂,以及西秦岭北缘断裂中西段当前应力率水平较高,且与前人给出的青藏高原东北缘高闭锁区域吻合.动力学上的高应力率与运动学上的强闭锁良好吻合,预示着这些断裂是地震危险分析值得关注的区域. 相似文献
17.
中国大陆现今实测地应力场的状态与板块构造环境、活动断裂带分布、地形地貌以及地壳结构呈现一定相关性. 在中国大陆西缘,印度洋板块与欧亚板块陆发生陆碰撞,在中国大陆东缘,菲律宾海板块、太平洋板块俯冲到欧亚板块之下. 中国大陆内部被大型活动断裂带分割为多个块体,各个块体的地壳结构和厚度呈不均匀分布,地形地貌起伏具有很大的差异. 笔者以中国大陆块体模型为基础,把板块构造作用和重力势作为主要影响地应力状态的两个主要要素,在现今活动构造、GPS和实测地应力等成果的约束下,利用线性黏弹体球壳有限元模拟分析了中国大陆现今地应力场的分布特征和控制因素. 结果表明: (1)构造应力场总体上呈现出西部挤压,东部拉张的特征,印度板块与欧亚板块的持续碰撞形成了青藏高原及其周缘的挤压性质的构造应力场,而东部菲律宾板块与太平洋板块的俯冲形成了黄海、东海和环渤海区域的拉张性质的构造应力场,中间为拉张环境和挤压环境的过渡,最大主应力的方向受到板块构造环境和活动构造分布的控制;(2)重力的影响主要体现在地形梯度大和地壳厚度结构变化大的地壳浅部区域,在藏南、滇西北局部地区的地壳浅部由于受到重力势控制,呈现为张性应力场,在塔里木地区由于重力势引起的应力场与构造应力场同为挤压性质,因此该区的挤压强度得以增加;(3)中国大陆浅部地应力场的状态主要受到区域板块构造环境、块体边界活动构造带的展布和地形的控制,总体上以南北构造带为界,西部以较强的压性构造环境为主,东部为较弱的压性构造环境,藏南和滇西北局部地区存在有张性构造环境;构造应力对地应力的贡献比重随着深度增加而增加;(4)采用黏弹性模型的构造应力场模拟结果比完全弹性模型的模拟结果能够更好地与实测地应力场相吻合,利用完全弹性模型分析由地震等诱发的地应力瞬时变化是有效的;(5)青藏高原东南缘最大主应力方向发生了较大的偏转,其主要控制因素有:印度板块持续的碰撞、中下地壳对上地壳拖曳以及印度板块通过实皆断裂对欧亚板块的剪切拉伸作用. 中国大陆现今地应力场是整个地壳岩石黏弹特性长期演化和断裂活动的结果,是地应力场动态演化过程中在现今时间点上的状态,受到板块构造环境、大陆内部活动断裂分布、地形地貌和地壳结构等因素不同程度的控制,模拟结果为中国大陆地应力场提供了一个定量的参考模型. 相似文献
18.
Abstract Elemental and isotopic compositions of noble gases extracted from the bore hole water in Osaka plain, central Japan were examined. The water samples were collected from four shallow bore holes (180-450 m) and seven deep bore holes (600-1370 m) which have been used for an urban resort hot spring zone. The water temperatures of the deep bore holes were 22-50°C and that of the shallow bore holes, 13-23°C. The elemental abundance patterns show the progressive enrichment of the heavier noble gases compared with the atmospheric noble gas composition except for He, which is heavily enriched in deep bore hole water samples. 3 He/4 He ratios from the bore holes reaching the Ryoke granitic basement were higher than the atmospheric value (1.4 × 10−6 ), indicating a release of mantle He through the basement. The highest value of 8.2 × 10−6 is in the range of arc volcanism. On the other hand, the bore holes in sedimentary rocks overlying the basement release He enriched in radiogenic 4 He, resulted in a low 3 He/4 He ratio of 0.5 × 10−6 . 4 He/20 Ne and 40 Ar/36 Ar ratios indicate that the air contamination is generally larger in shallow bore holes than in deep ones from each site. The helium enriched in mantle He is compatible with the previous work which suggested up-rising magma in 'Kinki Spot', the area of Osaka and western Wakayama, in spite of no volcanic activity in the area. A model to explain an initiation of magma generation beneath this area is presented. 相似文献
19.
A study on physical property of crustal ma—terial and seismogenic environment in northeastern Pamir 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2-D crustal structure and velocity ratio are obtained by processing S-wave data from two wide-angle reflec-tion/refraction profiles in and around Jiashi in northeastern Pamir,with the result of P-wave data taken into con-sideration.The result shows that:1)Average crustal velocity ratio is obviously higher in Tarim block than in West Kunlun Mts.and Tianshan fold zone,which reflects its crustal physical property of “hardness“and stability.The relatively low but normal velocity ratio(Poisson‘s ratio)of the lower crust indicates that the “downward thrusting“ of Tarim basin is the main feature of crustal movement in this area.2)The rock layer in the upper crust of Tian-shan fold zone is relatively“soft“,which makes it prone to rupture and stress energy release.This is the primary tectonic factor for the concentration of small earthquakes in this area.3)Jiashi is located right over the apex or the inflection point of the updoming lower crustal interface C and the crust-mantle boundary,which is the deep struc-tural background for the occurrence of strong earthquakes.The alternate variation of vp/vs near the block bounda-ries and the complicated configuration of the interfaces in the upper and middle part of the upper crust form a par-ticular structural environment for the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm.vp/vs is comparatively high and shear modulus is low at the focal region,which may be the main reason for the low stress drop of the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm. 相似文献
20.
Zuoxin Cai 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(9-10):1879-1889
We herein report a novel technique to continuously monitor the crustal stress change for earthquake prediction. On the basis of the relationship between permeability and stress, we designed a “squared-wave water flow” method, which allowed us to measure an experimental output that solely depends on the crustal stress. A carefully designed experimental set-up has been built where we employed several key techniques so that sufficient precision and sensitivity in the measurement have been achieved. In particular, our preliminary experimental results showed that the instrumental sensitivity reached the level of the solid-earth tide. Moreover, compared with other methods, the main advantage of our approach is the superb anti-interference property. Our results showed that neither environmental variables (rainfall, barometric pressure variation, etc.) nor the small amount of nearby water loss affected our experimental measurement. Therefore, it is envisaged that, by building a network of such set-ups, we may be able to retrieve a regional dynamic stress map, and build an earthquake prediction model accordingly. 相似文献