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1.
PETER FURNESS 《Geophysical Prospecting》1993,41(1):113-130
Furness , P. 1993. Gradient Array Profiles over thin resistive veins. Geophysical Prospecting 41 , 113–130. Gradient array geoelectric surveys are commonly used to explore for buried sheet-like targets. It is demonstrated that under certain circumstances the responses of such features can become practically equivalent for a range of models differing considerably in resistivity and thickness. This is the dual of the familiar equivalence phenomenon associated with thin beds in geoelectric sounding operations. Hence the geoelectric response profiles over thin dipping resistive veins are conveniently studied by considering equivalent forms with vanishing thickness and infinite resistivity but with the same resistivity-thickness product. The effects of varying the dip, depth of burial, depth extent and resistivity–thickness product of such features on the gradient array response profiles are investigated by means of a series of numerical experiments. These demonstrate several effects of significance to survey design and data interpretation. In particular it is found that while the resistivity–thickness product influences the amplitude of the response profiles it has little effect on their form. A similar behaviour is found to be exhibited by veins with extended depth extent when the dip is varied. A complete quantitative interpretation of gradient array profiles over thin dipping resistive veins is thus only possible for veins of limited depth extent. For veins with an extended depth dimension, the data is ambiguous (in a practical sense) in terms of the dip and the resistivity–thickness product. Here, the interpretation can only be expected to deduce the horizontal and vertical locations of the vein apex. 相似文献
2.
R. SCHULZ 《Geophysical Prospecting》1985,33(8):1240-1253
Gradient measurements in a homogeneous electrical primary field can easily be interpreted for simple models. The simplified solution (conducting or resistant body in a homogeneous space in a homogeneous electrical field) is often sufficiently accurate, as comparisons with the exact solution (body of finite resistivity in a homogeneous half-space in a quasihomogeneous electrical field) show. The exact geometry of the body cannot be determined by gradient measurements; the same anomaly of apparent resistivity can be caused by different bodies. In particular, the similarity between a sphere and a cube of the same volume is very high. There is a distinct influence of the resistivity of the overburden: the higher this resistivity is, the stronger is the effect caused by a buried body. If a deviation of 10% of the apparent resistivity is assumed as the lower boundary at which a buried body can be detected by gradient measurements, the depth of investigation for a three-dimensional body is approximately equal to its width; in the two-dimensional case the thickness of the overburden can be twice the width. If the overburden has a resistivity which is higher than the resistivity of the substratum, these depths are greater. The greatest possible depth is approximately three times the width of the body. 相似文献
3.
为研究地层电性变化时不同区域对电磁波测井响应的贡献分布,从响应信号对地层参数求偏导的角度,给出一种新的电阻率敏感性函数定义,引入模式匹配法对纵向成层、径向非均匀介质敏感性分布进行快速模拟;通过对敏感性函数纵、横向积分给出了单发双收线圈系纵、横向探测范围,研究了井眼、频率、背景地层电阻率等对探测特性的影响.结果表明:敏感性函数能够定量表征响应对地层纵向与径向微观与宏观敏感性,幅度比与相位差敏感性分布形态类似,幅度比较广较深,而相位差分辨率高,敏感范围小;敏感性函数进行径向积分后可表征仪器的探测深度,与伪几何因子对比达到了同样的效果;背景地层电阻率在1~100Ωm变化时,工作频率2 MHz下幅度比探测深度约为0.6~2.3m,相位差为0.3~0.8m,幅度比50%纵向积分敏感性层厚约为0.3~1.6m,相位差约为0.2~0.6m;异常体与背景地层电阻率对比度在1~50变化时,引起的探测深度与敏感性层厚差异约为0.1~0.2m,远小于地层电阻率的影响. 相似文献
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井下地电阻率观测影响系数分析——以江宁地震台为例 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用水平层状均匀介质中点电源位于任意深度时的电位解析表达式,以江宁台3层电性结构为例,分析了井下对称四极地电阻率观测时各层影响系数随深度、极距的变化,并结合探测深度探讨了实施井下观测时影响系数在选择供电极距和电极埋深时的作用。结果表明,对于"K"型电性结构,江宁台井下观测对地表、浅层干扰有较强的抑制作用,其短极距观测对地表、浅层干扰的抑制能力显著优于长极距观测;长极距观测在电极埋深H小于100m时对地表介质季节性的干扰具有放大作用;浅层影响系数一定时,电极埋深和供电极距需同时增加;江宁台井下观测供电极距AB/2取100～150m、电极埋深H为250m较为合理。 相似文献
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为查明滇西三江构造带及邻区复杂的构造特征,并揭示该区深部电性结构,沿福贡—巧家布设了一条长约410 km的大地电磁剖面.共观测到61个物理点,其中宽频大地电磁测点41个,长周期大地电磁测点20个.通过对采集到的数据进行一系列的处理、反演,得到了沿剖面的壳幔电性结构模型.并结合研究区内区域地质资料及其他地球物理资料,对剖面所经过的各个主要地质构造单元及主要断裂带进行了综合解释.电性结构模型揭示沿剖面地壳电性层次复杂,深部电性结构由西往东呈分块展布,横向变化大,壳内广泛发育低阻异常.在中甸构造带(香格里拉地块)和盐源—永胜构造带深部壳幔存在大规模低阻异常,这可能与地下局部熔融体和地热流有关;康滇构造带壳幔存在大规模高阻异常,表明地壳中曾经有地幔物质侵入;在大凉山构造带地下10~50 km深处存在一呈横向“半月形”展布的低阻体,电阻率值不满10Ωm,结合地质资料与前人的研究成果,推测该低阻体成因应与青藏高原东南缘“地壳管道流”有一定关联. 相似文献
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The influence of a partially conducting overburden/host rock on the electromagnetic response of a horizontal, tabular conducting ore body, investigated with the aid of quantitative scale model experiments, was discussed in an earlier paper (Gaur, Verma and Gupta 1971), which will be referred to as I. This paper presents the results of more comprehensive experiments subsequently carried out to study the combined effect of various geological parameters, namely: the dip and depth of burial of the ore body, its electrical conductivity and that of the zone surrounding it. These results obtained for four different transmitter-receiver configurations confirm the general enhancement of response in varying degrees, brought about by a conducting overburden. However, the transformation of the shapes of the anomaly profiles with increasing overburden conductivity is observed to depend on the dip of the ore body, being more drastic for gently dipping ones. Variations in the inphase and quadrature components as well as in the phase of the anomaly have been studied for varying depths of burial of the ore body and for a number of values of the solution conductivity. Anomaly index diagrams have been constructed with a view to predicting possible values of the geological parameters from a knowledge of the anomaly components. It is felt that the notable overburden effects are caused by a drastic redistribution and concentration of currents, mostly in a narrow loop at the top of the ore body, brought about by its galvanic contact with an extended medium of relatively poorer conductivity. 相似文献
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利用三维（3D）全空间积分方程准线性解作为数值模拟手段,对包含电离层、大气层和地球介质层的“地-电离层”典型异常目标体多层介质模型进行了数值模拟,得到了偶极源长度100 km、电流200 A、收发距离远达1600 km的合理的异常电性目标体的电阻率-频率响应结果.通过对不同埋深异常目标体的电阻率-频率特征的讨论,认为当考虑电离层和大气层的“地-电离层”大尺度深层横向不均匀复杂介质模拟时,电磁场对深部目标体仍有很好的异常响应,但当异常体电阻率及同一电阻率的岩石埋深不同时,其电阻率-频率的响应特征有很大不同,这正反映了不同岩石物性参数的电阻率-频率响应特征.文中结果表明从长偶极大功率源（WEM）激励的电磁场观测资料区分岩石的电阻率参数是可能的,这为利用WEM观测资料建立电性参数和岩石/地层参数经验关系奠定了基础. 相似文献
8.
MAGNETOTELLURIC IMAGING OF MAGMA DISTRIBUTION BENEATH MA'ANLING AND LEIHULING VOLCANOES OF NORTHEASTERN HAINAN,CHINA 
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下载免费PDF全文 SUN Xiang-yu ZHAN Yan ZHAO Guo-ze ZHAO Ling-qiang DENG Yan HU Ya-xuan HU Jiu-chang XIANG Xiao-juan 《地震地质》1979,42(3):640-653
The northeastern Hainan Province is one of the areas subjected to the strongest, most frequent and longest-lasting volcanic activities in China since the Cenozoic era. Under the influence of magma and fault activities, northeastern Hainan Island has experienced many moderate and strong earthquakes in history. The Qiongshan M7.5 earthquake occurred in this region in 1605. The deformation measurement and InSAR data found a subsidence area in the south of the Qiongshan M7.5 earthquake. Small earthquakes frequently occur in this area. It has been inferred by some studies on this subsidence area, namely the Puqianwan-Fengjiawan seismic belt, that the subsidence and frequent seismic activity are related to the development of deep magma systems. Magnetotelluric methods are very sensitive to subsurface fluid, different temperature conditions, and resistivity property of the medium in the molten state. With the development of magnetotelluric three-dimensional inversion technique, using dense array magnetotelluric data in three-dimensional inversion can image the medium resistivity occurrence state and position in the volcanic area. To study the deep structure of the magma system and its relationship with seismic activity, we conducted MT observations on two profiles that cross Leihuling and Ma'anling volcanoes. Phase tensor decomposition was used to analyze the electrical structure. This paper investigates the two MT profiles using three-dimensional electromagnetic imaging technology and obtains the electrical structure of the two profiles. The result reveals the media properties and high conductivity bodies' occurrence range beneath the volcanic area in the northeastern Hainan. There are obvious differences in the electrical structure of the northeastern Hainan. The resistivity values are high in the east and low in the west. In addition, there are two high conductivity bodies in the northeast of Hainan. The high conductivity body C1 inclines to the west and locates beneath the Chengmai County area in the northwestern Hainan Island(west of the Leihuling-Ma'anling volcanoes). Its resistivity value is less than several Ωm. This low resistive body is 40km long in WE direction and 30km wide in SN direction. Its burial depth is about 2km near the HNL1 profile and 6km near the NHNL1 profile. Its bottom reaches the depth of about 25~30km, which may be close to or through the Moho surface depth of 25~26km in this area. It is speculated that the magma eruption of Leihuling-Ma'anling volcanoes did not migrate vertically from its deep part to the surface. The high conductivity body C2 locates beneath Longquan. The buried depth of C2 tends to be shallower from north to south, but there is no exposed surface in the study area, nor is it connected with the shallow low-resistivity layer. It is speculated that the C2 may be a magmatic sac trapped in the crust, but may have nothing to do with the eruption of Ma'anling-Leihuling volcanoes. The recent volcanic magma in this area comes from the lower crust and upper mantle of the ocean area to the west of Hainan Island. As magma enters the upper and middle crust, it continues to move shallowly and eastward. In this process, it should be blocked by the high resistance structure on the east side of the Changliu-Xiangou Fault and then erupt around this fault, thus forming numerous craters in this area. After the repeated eruption, deep magma channels gradually closed and volcanic activity weakened. The magma in the mid-upper crust cooled consolidated gradually, but the speed was uneven in different areas, resulting in the channels having closed down gradually in some places, and some are in the process of closing. Our results show an uneven rise and fall depth of the low resistivity body in the middle and lower crust. There is no high conductivity body in the deep part of the Puqianwan-Fengjiawan seismic belt and the subsidence area in the northeastern Hainan, which rules out the possibility that the small earthquakes are related to deep magma systems. 相似文献
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本文提出了一维垂直各向异性(VTI)介质倾斜偶极源频率域海洋可控源电磁(CSEM)资料高斯-牛顿反演方法.在电阻率各向异性介质水平偶极源和垂直偶极源海洋CSEM正演算法的基础上,利用欧拉旋转方法,实现了各向异性介质倾斜偶极源海洋CSEM正演算法.海洋可控源电磁场关于地下介质横向电阻率(ρ_h)和垂向电阻率(ρ_v)的偏导数(即灵敏度矩阵)是解析计算的,结合垂直各向异性介质横向电阻率与垂向电阻率的关系,将各向异性率融入到正则化因子选择中,实现了正则化因子的自适应选择.理论模型合成数据和实测资料反演算例表明,我们提出的反演方法能够较准确的重构海底围岩和基岩的各向异性电阻率以及高阻薄层的埋藏深度、厚度和垂向电阻率. 相似文献
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与基线测量和电阻应变片测量资料对比,得到小应变条件下某些天然不饱和岩、土层电阻率对应变的比例(放大)系数K=(△/)/△可达103,且应变愈小K值愈高.分析这种实验结果得到,电阻率与应变的关系为-(E+F0.4),其中为孔隙度;E,F为常数.这说明,受力时岩石的结构指数n不再是通常认为的常量,而是应变的函数,即n=E+F0.4.所以高放大系数是不饱和岩土层在微小应变条件下的一种较普遍的规律.选择放大系数不低于103的台址,进行电阻率观测,可望在地震前震中附近观测到5%量级的异常变化. 相似文献
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沿盈江一姚安布置了一条长约350 km的长周期大地电磁剖面,共观测宽频大地电磁测深点53个,长周期大地电磁测深点26个;利用多种数据处理方法对观测资料进行了预处理、定性分析和二维反演,得到沿剖面的地壳和上地幔电性结构模型.对主要地块和断裂带的电性结构进行了分析,电性结构模型揭示滇西三江地区广泛存在壳内低阻层,但沿剖面方向即东西向埋深和厚度不一,在保山地块和滇中地块地下存在较大规模的壳幔低阻带;腾冲地块地下埋深13~20 km,厚约10~17 km的壳内低阻层可能是岩浆囊的反映;初步将保山壳幔韧性剪切带作为印支地块挤出的深部东边界. 相似文献
13.
海岸效应对近海地区大地电磁测深数据畸变作用研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
在近海地区采集的大地电磁测深数据通常受到海岸效应的影响,使得大地电磁测深数据发生畸变,因而很难利用大地电磁测深资料较为可靠地获得地下深部的电性结构.本文通过正演模拟方法,分析和总结海水深度变化和海底地形变化对近海地区大地电磁测深数据的畸变影响.当测区与海岸线的距离小于目标频率的大地电磁场趋肤深度时,高导海洋的存在会严重影响测区内电磁场的分布.由于海岸效应的影响,大地电磁测深视电阻率曲线和相位曲线均会发生不同程度的畸变,在低频部分,这种畸变作用尤为明显.大地电磁测深一维Occam反演方法和二维非线性共轭梯度反演方法,对近海地区浅部地层具有较好的反演效果.随着海水深度的增加和海底地形的复杂变化,两种反演方法均会出现不同程度的假异常,为地质解释工作造成了影响.近渤海地区的实测大地电磁测深数据在低频部分可能受到海岸效应的影响而导致视电阻率曲线的严重畸变. 相似文献
14.
We report on strong coast effect distortions observed for broadband marine magnetotelluric (MT) data collected on the forearc offshore northeastern Japan. Eight days of horizontal electric and magnetic fields recorded at eight seafloor stations and the horizontal magnetic fields from a land remote station were processed with a robust multiple-station algorithm, yielding good MT responses and inter-station transfer functions at periods of 7–10,000 s. Transverse electric (TE) mode responses have cusps in apparent resistivity and negative phases at periods around 1000 s, while the transverse magnetic (TM) mode responses are galvanically depressed below the TE responses. An analysis of inter-station transfer functions confirms that the apparent resistivity cusps are a magnetic field, rather than electric field, phenomenon, consisting of an amplitude minimum and rapid phase change around a characteristic frequency. Poynting vectors for a TE coast effect model study illustrate that the anomalous phases are associated with energy diffusing back up to the seafloor from below, after being turned around from its usual downward propagating trajectory by inductive coupling between the conductive ocean and the resistive seafloor along the continental margin. We show that the characteristic frequency and position of the TE mode apparent resistivity cusps are determined by a relatively simple combination of the electrical resistivity of the seafloor, the depth of the ocean, and the distance from the coastline. By including coastlines and bathymetry in 2D inversion, we recover the seafloor conductivity structure along the forearc, demonstrating that broadband data can constrain the thickness of conductive forearc sediments and the underlying high resistivity associated with the mantle wedge and subducting oceanic lithosphere. 相似文献
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套管井壁的电势分布包含了金属套管和地层模型的信息,套管电阻率的变化对过套管电阻率测井有重要影响,本文考虑了套管电阻率的变化对传输线方程系数的影响,给出了非均匀套管壁电势分布的计算方法．利用套管井壁电势分布实现了非均匀套管测井响应的计算,考察了套管电阻率变化对过套管电阻率测井响应的影响,模拟结果表明,套管的变薄或变厚对测井响应均有一定影响,当套管电阻突然变小（套管变厚）或突然变大（套管变薄）时过套管电阻率测井异常发生在套管电阻突变界面附近．模拟结果还显示电极距对测井结果有明显影响． 相似文献
18.
The interpretation of electrical sounding data for a subsurface with monotonic continuous variation of the resistivity with depth is becoming increasingly necessary. The contribution of this article is the derivation of the solution for the Wenner and the Schlumberger apparent resistivity functions for a resistivity varying as a real power of a linear positive function of the depth. The interpretation of sounding data in these cases can be used to estimate the variation of the porosity or the salt content of the pore water with depth. 相似文献
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晋冀鲁豫交界地区震源位置及震源区速度结构的联合反演 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用邯郸数字台网记录到的2001—2008年间460次ML≥1.0地震的1861条P波到时数据, 采用震源位置和速度结构联合反演方法确定晋冀鲁豫交界地区(35.0°~38.0°N, 113.0°~116.0°E)地震的震源位置分布和该区域的速度结构。 结果表明: ① 经过重新定位后, P波走时的均方根残差(RMS)由反演前的1.35 s降到反演后的0.45 s。 定位偏差在EW方向上平均为0.031 km, 在NS方向上平均为0.029 km, 在垂直方向上平均为0.060 km。 ② 邢台震区的中小地震明显呈NEE向分布, 深度主要集中分布在7~14 km范围内; 磁县震区中小震分布相对复杂, 具有NEE和NWW两个展布方向, 震源深度主要集中在8~18 km范围内, 总体上晋冀鲁豫交界地区中小地震深度呈现北部浅南部深的趋势。 ③ 反演得到了晋冀鲁豫交界地区的速度结构, 在邢台地震极震区下方7~14 km处存在低速层, 与1966年邢台7.2级地震的震源深度一致;在磁县地震极震区下方13~18 km处也存在低速层与1831年磁县7.5级地震震源深度一致, 且磁县震区下方的速度结构比邢台震区更为复杂。 相似文献
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Response simulation and theoretical calibration of a dual-induction resistivity LWD tool 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In this paper, responses of a new dual-induction resistivity logging-while-drilling （LWD） tool in 3D inhomogeneous formation models are simulated by the vectorfinite element method （VFEM）, the influences of the borehole, invaded zone, surroundingstrata, and tool eccentricity are analyzed, and calibration loop parameters and calibrationcoefficients of the LWD tool are discussed. The results show that the tool has a greater depthof investigation than that of the existing electromagnetic propagation LWD tools and is moresensitive to azimuthal conductivity. Both deep and medium induction responses have linearrelationships with the formation conductivity, considering optimal calibration loop parametersand calibration coefficients. Due to the different depths of investigation and resolution, deepinduction and medium induction are affected differently by the formation model parameters,thereby having different correction factors. The simulation results can provide theoreticalreferences for the research and interpretation of the dual-induction resistivity LWD tools. 相似文献