共查询到15条相似文献，搜索用时 104 毫秒
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当地震来临时,快速及时地将人员疏散到安全地带,能大大减少人员伤亡。因此,在地震频发、城市人口不断集中的今天,各城市应事先建设好避震疏散场所。通过对影响避震疏散场所选择的中山市城区地质构造背景与场地条件、以区为单位需安置人口数量、医疗救护点、易燃易爆危险源、避震疏散通道分布等要素的分析,并在野外勘查的基础上,参照关于建设避震疏散场所的规范和标准,对中山市城区避震疏散场所进行了规划。所规划的避震疏散场所安全可靠、布局合理,能够满足中山市城区的应急疏散需要。 相似文献
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传统GIS空间分析模型进行城市避震救灾疏散方案规划时，未考虑疏散路径的当量长度，获取的避震救灾模型疏散效率较低。采用通行难度系数、次生灾害干扰系数、桥梁阻碍系数获取避震救灾疏散路径当量长度；通过目标函数获取避震救灾疏散路径当量长度的最小值，同时考虑避难场所的容纳量要求、清空避难场所固有人员、疏散距离小于避难场所的服务半径3个约束条件，设计新的城市避震救灾疏散最优模型。实验结果表明，新的城市避震救灾疏散最优模型能够给出精确的疏散路径与方案，高效率地完成城市避震救灾疏散任务。 相似文献
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安全快速的避震疏散通道是新时代背景下提高城市抗灾韧性水平的基础保障,灾时充分发挥避震疏散通道的可靠性和时效性将减轻城市人员伤亡。选取山地小城市昆明东川城区为研究区域,通过系统分析避震疏散通道影响因素,对灾后避震疏散通道的通行能力进行评估,基于ArcGIS建立人口集聚点与避震疏散场所（OD）的归属关系,并在此基础上通过遗传算法进行多条避震疏散通道选择研究,为城市抗震防灾规划提供参考。结果表明：东川城区震后不满足疏散要求的通道主要为城市周边的乡村内部道路及部分老城区道路;避震疏散场所存在服务盲区,新城部分小区缺乏疏散通道与避震疏散场所相连接;部分选择的路径虽满足灾时避震疏散要求,但耗时较长,灾时应优先考虑OD之间的最短路径。 相似文献
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当破坏性地震来临时,要做到快速及时地将人员疏散到安全地带,交通通畅很重要。通过对中山市城区现有交通系统抗震能力进行评价,同时依据建设避震疏散通道的原则及其它影响因素,对中山市城区避震疏散通道进行了规划。 相似文献
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城市地震避难疏散场所的规划原则与要求 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
地震避难疏散场所是城市抗震防灾规划的重要组成部分。位于地震区的城市必须规划建设地震避难疏散场所。探讨了规划建设城市地震避难疏散场所的重要意义、基本原则、主要要求与重要指标。规划建设的城市地震避难疏散场所必须确保避难疏散安全。 相似文献
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简要介绍了《规划》的主要内容，叙述了编制《规划》的目的、指导思想、编制依据及设防目标，通过对县城的地震危险性分析与震害预测，提出了土地利用，场地区划、旧城改造，新建设防、避震疏散和生命线工程等方面具体要求，对震前应急准备与震后抢救灾作出了可行对策，对《规划》实施提出了分期目标。 相似文献
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针对地震灾害应急疏散策略,构建了一种基于避难场所容量限制的灾民应急疏散分配与路径选择算法模型。该模型综合考虑了避难场所的容量受限性和人口分布的不均匀性,在兼顾避难场所容量限制的同时,使灾民的总疏散距离成本最小化。以北京市东西城为例,对给定情景下的灾民应急疏散路径进行了实证研究。研究发现,在考虑避难容量限制的情形下,无论是地震初期,还是地震中后期,研究区域内现有应急避难场所的容量都不足以满足区域居民的避难需求。基于实际道路疏散成本和避难容量限制的灾区应急疏散路径评估模型,不仅能够给出各疏散需求点最佳的疏散目的地和具体路径,还能给出避难容量限制下各需求点疏散到不同目的地的人数,以及无法满足避难需求的居民数量。 相似文献
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Enrico Quagliarini Gabriele Bernardini Chiara Wazinski Luca Spalazzi Marco D’Orazio 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(4):1071-1101
One of the most influencing elements in inhabitants’ earthquake safety definition is represented by the interactions between people and post-event environment in urban scenarios. Understanding and simulating rules for pedestrians’ motion in earthquake evacuation could be useful to inquire the risk assessment introducing the “human” factor influence: integrated “risk maps” could be realized by combining results of similar analyses with the traditional site hazard, buildings vulnerability and exposition indices. This work proposes an innovative approach based on the analysis of these interactions. Two experimentally-based activities are required: an analysis of human behaviors towards the post-earthquake environment; a relation for defining environmental modifications. Results firstly show a summary of man-environment interactions in earthquake evacuations. A possible criterion for path choice in evacuation is also numerically defined. A theoretical agent-based model is developed on these bases and summarizes phases, motion rules and man-environment interactions in earthquake pedestrians’ evacuation in urban scenarios. Secondly, quick criteria for scenario modifications involving ruins formation are proposed and evaluated: for each building, the percentages of internal and external ruins area is a function of its vulnerability and the expected earthquake Richter magnitude. Moreover, the external ruins formation criterion is validated by comparing predicted and effective values of ruins area depth in real cases. The model could be proposed as a tool for evaluating probable pedestrians’ choices in post-event scenarios, in order to reduce the interferences between the built environment and the evacuation process through interventions on buildings, urban fabric and strategies for emergency management. 相似文献
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地震现场工作队应急演练策划 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
主要对地震现场工作队应急演练的策划内容进行了探讨,包括对演练的科目、场所、规模及演练方案等方面的策划。地震现场工作队的演练策划所涉及的演练流程、演练内容、演练策略、演练评价及演练追踪等方面也做了相应的阐述。 相似文献
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Gian Paolo Cimellaro Fabrizio Ozzello Alessio Vallero Stephen Mahin Benshun Shao 《地震工程与结构动力学》2017,46(6):985-1002
In classical earthquake risk assessment, the human behavior is actually not taken into account in risk assessment. Agent‐based modeling is a simulation technique that has been applied recently in several fields, such as emergency evacuation. The paper is proposing a methodology that includes in agent‐based models the human behavior, considering the anxiety effects generated by the crowd and their influence on the evacuation delays. The proposed model is able to take into account the interdependency between the earthquake evacuation process, and the corresponding damage of structural and non‐structural components that is expressed in term of fragility curves. The software REPAST HPC has been used to implement the model, and as a case study, the earthquake evacuation by a mall located in Oakland has been used. The human behavior model has been calibrated through a survey using a miscellaneous sample from different countries. The model can be used to test future scenarios and help local authorities in situations where the human behavior plays a key role. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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校园作为城市高密度地区的典型区域,建筑密度高、道路错综曲折、灾后疏散难度大。以南京中心城区某高校为实证研究案例,展开问卷调查;采用皮尔逊卡方检验法,对校园人群安全意识及疏散行为和性别、年龄、受教育程度及参加疏散演练次数等人员特性信息进行交叉分析,得到存在相关性的变量组;基于Logistic回归模型,建立了人群特征、安全意识评价指标对校园人群疏散行为及心理影响的评价模型,识别疏散行为影响因素,以及各因素的影响程度大小。结果表明:年龄、性别以及参加过疏散演练的次数是影响人群安全意识及疏散行为的显著相关因素,学历是相关因素;地震灾害下受访人群对避难场所的选择偏好为:场地型避难场所>建筑型避难场所>地下空间;参加疏散演练的次数,安全意识、风险认知对灾害发生时的人群疏散行为有显著影响。 相似文献