共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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房屋建筑的地震易损性是地震损失评估和地震巨灾风险模型的基础。作为房屋建筑的重要组成部分,各类非结构构件的损失在现有的易损性模型中并未得到足够重视。本文以一栋典型钢筋混凝土框架结构教学楼为对象,通过将房屋建筑中的各类构件划分为具有不同地震损伤特性和损失后果的易损性组,考察建筑内的损失分布和非结构损失对房屋建筑地震易损性的影响。分析结果表明:由于许多非结构构件在中小地震作用下即可能发生较严重的破坏,房屋建筑在中小地震下的易损性主要受非结构损失控制;随着地震动强度等级的不断提高,结构损伤渐趋严重,结构损失对整体建筑易损性的影响不断增大;在结构进入震后不可修状态之前,建筑不同楼层的损失分布是评估建筑地震损失时不可忽略的因素。 相似文献
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21世纪我国经济急速发展，人口也急剧增长，这也使得地震对人类生命和财产安全造成的威胁更大，结构抗震研究需求日益增加。地震易损性分析技术对于结构破坏和损失预测都有着非同一般的应用价值，因此受到了国内外土木工程抗震界的广泛关注和研究。首先介绍了地震易损性分析的基本概念，具体地论述了用于地震易损性分析的三种方法，同时总结出此三种方法各自的优缺点；其次以RC框架结构为例论述了国内外地震易损性分析领域的研究发展，从上个世纪90年代开始进行了系统的梳理和分析。说明了地震易损性分析在研究过程中由于不确定性的存在而导致对分析结果准确度的影响；最后指出要想得到更接近于真实的易损性分析结果，还需考量易损性分析中的不确定参数，揭示了地震易损性分析研究领域所面临的挑战。 相似文献
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在对忻州市现有房屋建筑进行调查研究的基础上，对房屋建筑按结构进行了分类，并对各类房屋进行了抗震分析，进而建立了相应的易损性矩阵，最终结果得到以小区为单元遭遇不同强度地震作用的地震损失和人员伤亡，以及50年地震期望损失。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2017,(4)
为了促进桥梁结构地震易损性分析在我国的发展和应用,详细论述了公路桥梁地震易损性分析方法在国内外的研究现状、存在的问题和发展方向。首先,对国内外常用的桥梁地震易损性分析方法进行分类,归纳了每种方法的适用性,总结了桥梁地震易损性研究在我国的发展历程和研究现状;其次,根据采用的参数估计方法的不同,将理论地震易损性函数分为四种类型,介绍了每种易损性函数的建立过程和优缺点。最后,指出了该领域尚且存在的一些问题和有待研究的方向。研究结果表明,易损性分析能很好地考虑桥梁抗震设计中存在的不确定性问题,对基于性能桥梁抗震设计的发展具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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玛纳斯县城房屋建筑地震损失预测及抗震设防效益分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以玛纳斯县城现有房屋建筑调查资料为基础，对该县城的房屋建筑进行了分类。作了抗震分析，建立了相应的易损性矩阵。根据地震危险性分析结果及县城房屋建筑的发展情况，给出了未来１０年房屋建筑的震害预测结果，并对房屋建筑抗震设防和加固的经济效益进行了初步分析。 相似文献
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复杂高层结构基于增量动力分析法的地震易损性分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
增量动力分析法(Incremental Dynamic Analysis,IDA)是一种以动力弹塑性时程分析为基础的参数分析方法,计算结构在不同地震动强度作用下的响应,能够反映结构体系随地震动强度的变化,经历弹性、弹塑性直至倒塌的全过程性能.而建筑结构的地震易损性是指在不同强度地震作用下结构达到或超过某种极限状态的条件概率.因此,增量动力分析的结果提供了结构地震易损性分析所需的数据.本文在增量动力分析的基础上,结合地震易损性分析,提出基于IDA的地震易损性分析方法,并采用该方法对某复杂超限高层结构进行抗震性能评估,得出该结构在3个地震水准下,超越5个极限状态的概率.研究表明,基于增量动力分析的易损性分析结果,可为预测重大工程结构的地震破坏和损失提供有力的科学依据. 相似文献
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Multistorey buildings often have a valuable inventory consisting of objects that their possible damage during an earthquake will cause unacceptable losses. The paper presents a novel, fully performance-based seismic reliability and risk assessment framework for freestanding structural components and contents that can be modelled as rocking rigid blocks. The seismic response of building contents depends on several parameters such as the geometry of the object, the dynamic characteristics of the building and the storey that the object is located. The demand at the storey level is first obtained, and then the response of the contents is calculated using the storey acceleration response history. The demand of the structure is obtained with the aid of a modified version of the Incremental Dynamic Analysis method and subsequently the fragility curves of the rocking building contents are derived for every storey of interest. Different options for fragility assessment are discussed, and the underlying details of the problem are investigated. A simplified approach, where the fragility of the freestanding components and the structure are derived separately, is also presented. The method combines existing fragility curves and thus is suitable for quickly assessing the reliability of a building's inventory, offering sufficient risk estimates. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2015,(3)
An analytical seismic fragility assessment framework is presented for the existing low strength reinforced concrete structures more common in the building stock of the developing countries.For realistic modelling of such substandard structures,low strength concrete stress-strain and bond-slip capacity models are included in calibrating material models.Key capacity parameters are generated stochastically to produce building population and cyclic pushover analysis is carried out to capture inelastic behaviour.Secant period values are evaluated corresponding to each displacement step on the capacity curves and used as seismic demand.A modified capacity demand diagram method is adopted for the degrading structures,which is further used to evaluate peak ground acceleration from back analysis considering each point on the capacity curve as performance point.For developing fragility curves,the mean values of peak ground acceleration are evaluated corresponding to each performance point on the series of capacity curves.A suitable probability distribution function is adopted for the secant period scatter at different mean peak ground acceleration values and probability of exceedance of limit states is evaluated.A suitable regression function is used for developing fragility curves and regression coefficients are proposed for different confidence levels.Fragility curves are presented for a low rise pre-seismic code reinforced concrete structure typical of developing countries. 相似文献
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通过对多层砖房的普查和抽样调查取得的原始资料,用多层砖房震害预测方法和软件进行易损性分析,给出重要房屋单体震害预测结果和群体房屋的易损性矩阵． 相似文献
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Empirical tsunami fragility curves are developed based on a Bayesian framework by accounting for uncertainty of input tsunami hazard data in a systematic and comprehensive manner. Three fragility modeling approaches, i.e. lognormal method, binomial logistic method, and multinomial logistic method, are considered, and are applied to extensive tsunami damage data for the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. A unique aspect of this study is that uncertainty of tsunami inundation data (i.e. input hazard data in fragility modeling) is quantified by comparing two tsunami inundation/run-up datasets (one by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transportation of the Japanese Government and the other by the Tohoku Tsunami Joint Survey group) and is then propagated through Bayesian statistical methods to assess the effects on the tsunami fragility models. The systematic implementation of the data and methods facilitates the quantitative comparison of tsunami fragility models under different assumptions. Such comparison shows that the binomial logistic method with un-binned data is preferred among the considered models; nevertheless, further investigations related to multinomial logistic regression with un-binned data are required. Finally, the developed tsunami fragility functions are integrated with building damage-loss models to investigate the influences of different tsunami fragility curves on tsunami loss estimation. Numerical results indicate that the uncertainty of input tsunami data is not negligible (coefficient of variation of 0.25) and that neglecting the input data uncertainty leads to overestimation of the model uncertainty. 相似文献
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本文主要对增量动力弹塑性分析(IDA)方法的两个方面作了改进:(1)以增量动力弹塑性分析方法的基本原理为基础,以快速非线性时程分析(FNA)方法为计算工具,形成快速增量动力弹塑性分析(FIDA)方法。(2)仅以IDA分析结果为基础,建立地震易损性曲线及地震破坏概率计算的离散型式。为了校验本文方法的可行性与有效性,应用增量动力弹塑性分析、模态增量动力弹塑性分析与快速增量动力弹塑性分析计算一个14层筒中筒结构试验模型,比较了用上述三种方法的计算误差与计算效率,比较了传统方法与本文方法计算该模型结构的地震易损性曲线的差别。 相似文献
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Seismic fragility curves provide a powerful tool to assess the reliability of structures. However, conventional fragility analysis of structures comprising a large number of components requires enormous computational efforts. In this paper, the application of probabilistic support vector machines (PSVM) for the system fragility analysis of existing structures is proposed. It is demonstrated that support vector machine based fragility curves provide accurate predictions compared to rigorous methodologies such as component based fragilities developed by Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed method is applied to an existing bridge structure in order to develop fragility curves for serviceability and collapse limit states. In addition, the efficiency of using the PSVM method in the application of vector-valued ground motion intensity measures (IM) as well as traditional single-valued IM are investigated. The results obtained from an incremental dynamic analysis of the structure are used to train PSVMs. The application of PSVM in binary and multi-class classifications is used for the fragility analysis and reliability assessment of the bridge structure. 相似文献
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This paper presents a procedure to develop fragility curves of structures equipped with TMD considering multiple failure functions.The failure criteria considered are maximum inter-story drift ratio as a safety criterion,maximum absolute acceleration as a convenience criterion and TMD stroke length.The relationship between intensity measure and responses of the structure was assumed to follow the power-law model,and a regression analysis was used to estimate its properties.A nonlinear eight-story shear building subjected to near-fault earthquakes was used for the numerical studies.Fragility curves using multiple and single failure functions for an uncontrolled structure and a structure equipped with optimal TMDs were developed.Numerical analysis showed that using multiple failure functions led to increasing the fragility when compared with using the single failure function for both the uncontrolled and controlled structures.However,TMDs slightly reduced the seismic fragility and have the capability to improve the reliability of the structure.Also,it was found that the fragility was significantly influenced by the values of the capacity thresholds of both the acceleration of the structure and TMD stroke length,which should be selected by considering the target performance and application of the structure and control device. 相似文献
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Vector-valued fragility functions for seismic risk evaluation 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
This article presents a method for the development of vector-valued fragility functions, which are a function of more than one intensity measure (IM, also known as ground-motion parameters) for use within seismic risk evaluation of buildings. As an example, a simple unreinforced masonry structure is modelled using state-of-the-art software and hundreds of nonlinear time-history analyses are conducted to compute the response of this structure to earthquake loading. Dozens of different IMs (e.g. peak ground acceleration and velocity, response spectral accelerations at various periods, Arias intensity and various duration and number of cycle measures) are considered to characterize the earthquake shaking. It is demonstrated through various statistical techniques (including Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis) that the use of more than one IM leads to a better prediction of the damage state of the building than just a single IM, which is the current practice. In addition, it is shown that the assumption of the lognormal distribution for the derivation of fragility functions leads to more robust functions than logistic, log-logistic or kernel regression. Finally, actual fragility surfaces using two pairs of IMs (one pair are uncorrelated while the other are correlated) are derived and compared to scalar-based fragility curves using only a single IM and a significant reduction in the uncertainty of the predicted damage level is observed. This type of fragility surface would be a key component of future risk evaluations that take account of recent developments in seismic hazard assessment, such as vector-valued probabilistic seismic hazard assessments. 相似文献
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易损性分析是隧道工程领域防震减灾研究的重要方法。首先,详细综述了国内外隧道地震易损性研究历史与现状;其次,归纳了国内外隧道地震易损性分析主要方法,并总结了各种方法的实际适用性;接着,提出了隧道地震易损性评估步骤,并且讨论了以数值模拟为主要手段的理论易损性曲线建立中的3个关键内容:(1)输入参数确定;(2)破坏状态分级;(3)相关不确定性参数计算;最后,指出该领域一些亟待解决的问题和未来研究发展的方向。结果表明:隧道地震易损性分析能通过考虑相关不确定性因素,反映了隧道在地震荷载作用下的性能,有利于未来的风险评估和损失估算,对基于性能的隧道抗震设计的发展具有重要意义。 相似文献