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1.
有限频层析成像方法研究进展   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
本文详细介绍了地震学中最近发展起来的一种非常重要的层析成像方法-有限频层析成像方法,对有限频理论进行了重点阐述,并对有限频层析成像方法的有效性进行了探讨,接下来总结了有限频地震层析成像方法的研究进展,并对有限频层析成像方法在地震学中的应用进行了展望.由于在非均匀介质中考虑了地震波遇到速度异常时的散射现象和波前复原效应,有限频层析成像方法大大提高了对速度异常体的分辨能力.  相似文献   

2.
广义散射层析成像反演   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
本文详细地给出了基于非均匀介质的体散射广义散射层析成像反演的基本理论.广义散射层析成像反演可以描述为波场的反向传播和对成像场进行局部波数域滤波的过程.在数值算例中,利用背景速度沿深度方向均匀变化的v(z)介质中的简单的方块作为速度异常体的模型,通过对该模型产生的低频的Born数据和声波的正演数据的测试,在对采集系统进行有限频率带宽和空间孔径的校正来进行局部成像矩阵谱的恢复中,可以看出模型中各点的谱在恢复后的质量无论从覆盖的面积范围还是幅值的均一性上都有着明显的提高;在对速度模型的重建中,广义散射层析成像反演能够很好地恢复速度模型的低频分量,即便是方块速度异常体相对于背景速度的平均速度扰动是23%也能很好地重建模型中的速度,且对于不同的背景速度模型基本上都能很好地恢复Marmousi速度模型的低频分量.所以该方法将基于Born模型的层析成像反演适应范围进行了一定程度的扩展.  相似文献   

3.
本文详细地给出了基于非均匀介质的体散射广义散射层析成像反演的基本理论.广义散射层析成像反演可以描述为波场的反向传播和对成像场进行局部波数域滤波的过程.在数值算例中,利用背景速度沿深度方向均匀变化的v(z)介质中的简单的方块作为速度异常体的模型,通过对该模型产生的低频的Born数据和声波的正演数据的测试,在对采集系统进行有限频率带宽和空间孔径的校正来进行局部成像矩阵谱的恢复中,可以看出模型中各点的谱在恢复后的质量无论从覆盖的面积范围还是幅值的均一性上都有着明显的提高;在对速度模型的重建中,广义散射层析成像反演能够很好地恢复速度模型的低频分量,即便是方块速度异常体相对于背景速度的平均速度扰动是23%也能很好地重建模型中的速度,且对于不同的背景速度模型基本上都能很好地恢复Marmousi速度模型的低频分量.所以该方法将基于Born模型的层析成像反演适应范围进行了一定程度的扩展.  相似文献   

4.
高频假设下的地震射线理论以及相应的地震成像理论表明,在射线稀疏条件下,不可能得到较高分辨率的构造成像;而有限频射线理论更符合实际地震的传播规律,即地震波的走时不仅与中心射线(传统的几何射线)上的速度分布有关,而且与中心射线附近一定范围(称其为第一菲涅耳体)内的速度异常分布有关.鉴于此,本文提出了计算多震相地震波菲涅耳体有限频射线的方法,并定义了走时敏感核函数,同时给出了利用多震相菲涅耳体有限频射线进行速度模型和反射界面同时反演成像的公式.利用多震相走时资料,使用传统射线层析成像方法与有限频射线层析成像方法进行了速度和界面的同时反演成像.结果表明,当射线密度较小时,无论是对速度模型的重建还是对反射界面几何形状的更新,有限频射线层析成像方法均优于传统射线层析成像方法, 而变频有限频射线层析成像则是实际地震层析成像的首选反演算法.   相似文献   

5.
本文提出了一种利用反射波走时曲线计算垂向非均匀介质速度和反射界面深度的方法。当在地球表面没有获得来自地下某一深度范围内介质的任何信息时,可以认为这一深度范围内的地震波速度具有连续性。利用来自其底部反射界面的反射波走时曲线,可以计算出该深度范围的地震波速度结构。对三种模型进行了理论计算,所得反演解与真实值较为一致,其中计算出的反射界面深度最为精确。利用本文提出的方法可以计算两个相邻反射面之间的垂向非均匀速度结构,如低速层等。  相似文献   

6.
有限频率层析成像考虑了非均匀介质中波的散射、衍射、波前愈合等物理性质,使得其对速度异常体的分辨能力远大于射线层析成像.推导和计算有限频率敏感核是进行有限频率层析成像的关键,当前推导有限频率敏感核多借助一阶Born近似,但这只适用于弱散射介质的情况.本文基于二阶Born近似并利用傅里叶变换推导了三维均匀介质情况下有限频率敏感核的解析表达式,并将其推广到非均匀介质中得到了三维非均匀介质中有限频率敏感核.研究表明:当介质中速度扰动小于2%时,基于二阶Born近似的有限频率敏感核与基于一阶Born近似的有限频率敏感核差别很小,可近似认为相同;当介质中速度扰动大于5%时,基于二阶Born近似的有限频率敏感核与基于一阶Born近似的有限频率敏感核有较大不同,表明此时已不能忽略二次散射.  相似文献   

7.
自层析成像被引入到研究地球内部结构以来,地震层析成像发展迅速,现已成为研究地球深部结构的有效方法之一。按层析成像的理论依据,可以把地震层析成像分为射线层析成像和有限频层析成像。本文旨在掌握一种有限频灵敏度算核的计算方法,进而构建有限频层析成像的反演计算,并用有限频层析成像的方法研究华北克拉通上地幔的速度结构及其动力学意义。  相似文献   

8.
非均匀介质孔隙流体参数地震散射波反演   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
弹性波逆散射是非均匀介质参数反演的有效途径.本文从弹性波逆散射理论出发,利用微扰理论和稳相法,将非均匀介质参数视为背景介质与扰动介质参数的叠加,建立了纵波散射系数和非均匀介质中背景介质与扰动介质孔隙流体参数,剪切模量与密度间的直接关系.进而发展了一种非均匀介质孔隙流体参数叠前地震贝叶斯反演方法.该方法假设模型参数(扰动介质与背景介质孔隙流体参数,剪切模量与密度的比值)服从柯西分布,反演目标似然函数服从高斯分布,并采用平滑初始模型约束提高反演稳定性.模型和实际资料处理表明,该反演方法能够稳定合理的直接从叠前地震资料中获取孔隙流体参数,提供了一种高可靠性的非均匀介质流体描述方法.  相似文献   

9.
有限频走时层析成像是近年发展起来的一种新方法,这种新方法的一个主要过程是走时灵敏度算核的计算。求解灵敏度算核要多次用到同一散射点的走时,多次地求解同一走时是相当耗时的任务,如果介质为均匀或速度线性变化等简单模型,散射点的走时可以用解析公式快速地求出,从而灵敏度算核的计算耗时相对较少。然而各种地球模型中,介质速度大多为分层模型,从解析公式中得到走时信息就比较繁锁。为了提高计算效率,本文采用查表算法研究地球分层速度模型中的P震相有限频走时灵敏度算核的计算,选用的速度模型是地球AKl35模型,用查表算法求解走时,节省了约50%的计算时间。在相同的速度模型下,与已有结果的对比,本文所用的查表算法,能在兼顾精度的前提下,以较小的存储要求换取较高的计算效率,这对提高有限频走时层析成像算法的速度具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

10.
近地表地层与人类生产生活密切相关,利用地震层析成像方法准确重建浅部地壳速度结构有助于开展高精度地震勘探、探查浅部矿产资源、规避潜在自然灾害,并利于城市地下空间建设.中国大陆地表条件复杂,尤其中西部盆岭结合带地形起伏剧烈,对浅部地壳精确速度建模构成严重挑战.本文系统论述了地震层析成像领域基于高频近似理论的走时成像方法和有限频层析成像方法,阐明两类方法的基本原理、存在问题和发展方向等.依据正演走时有无显式射线追踪,基于高频近似理论的走时成像方法分为传统走时层析成像方法和无射线路径的走时层析成像方法.基于射线追踪的传统走时层析成像方法,在浅层速度强烈变化时,因存在阴影区或多路径现象引起成像失真,严重影响成像效率;而无射线路径的层析成像方法通过程函方程走时场的正传和逆传直接计算敏感核,并利用伴随状态法获得目标函数的梯度,具有快速、稳健的优点.以上两种基于地震射线高频近似理论的走时成像方法由于未考虑地震波频率的带限性,存在波散射、波前愈合及反演约束差等问题.有限频层析成像方法克服了射线理论"无限高频"假设所带来的弊端,已成为重要的研究方向之一.该类方法主要分为射线有限频层析成像方法和基于波动方程的有限频层析成像方法.射线有限频层析成像方法能够提高成像的分辨率,但在方法本质上仍依赖于射线理论,较难处理较复杂的波现象问题;基于波动方程的有限频层析成像方法能准确处理复杂地质问题,提高成像可靠性并能以图像形式直观展示地球内部地震波的速度结构分布,但是该方法在实际应用中强烈依赖于数据中的低频信息及较精确的初始速度模型,其推广应用仍需进一步探索.  相似文献   

11.
Summary The author compares some methods of prospection which are based on the telluric measurements: 1) old method of elliptic representation of the telluric current and constants of conductibility; 2) methods ofKato, Kikuchi, Rikitake, Tikhonov, Cagniard and 3) method proposed by the author in 1952.The theory of «Dreiblätter» developed by the author in 1952 is applied to obtain a simple relation between the telluric values, the magnetic values and the tensor of conductibility. It is shown that in many cases this relation can be a simple algebraic one. The problem of «three» layers is developed with details and the possibility of generatlisation to the case of more than the three layers mentioned.The direct method developed in this paper is not the only possible one. The indirect means values (tensor means) can be also introduced: see our articles C.R. de l'Acad. des Scinces, t. 239, p. 1457, 1954 (Paris) and C.R. de l'Académie des Sciences, t. 239, p. 1766, 1954 (Paris). From the abstract point of view the utilisation of the indirect (tensor) means is simpler, but in order to visualize the pratical applications we have chosen here the direct method of computation.  相似文献   

12.
电离层三维层析成像的自适应联合迭代重构算法   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
在电离层层析成像过程中,联合迭代重构算法是一种常用的反演算法.然而,该算法迭代收敛较慢,反演结果精度不高.为此,本文发展了一种自适应的联合迭代重构算法,该算法利用上一轮的电离层电子密度反演结果,自适应地调整松弛因子和加权参数.通过模拟数据和实测数据对该算法的反演结果进行了验证,并将得到的反演结果与电离层测高仪数据进行了比较,结果表明,该算法能够有效地反演电离层电子密度,且反演结果精度优于常用的联合迭代重构算法.  相似文献   

13.
Ray-tracing techniques are used to computationally investigate the propagation of gravity waves through the middle atmosphere, as characterized by the vertically varying CIRA-86 wind and temperature models, plus a tidal wind model that varies temporally as well as vertically. For the wave parameters studied here, the background wind variation has a much stronger influence on the ray path and changes in wave characteristics than does the temperature variation. The temporal variation of the tidal component of the wind changes the observed frequency, sometimes substantially, while leaving the intrinsic frequency unaltered. It also renders temporary any critical levels that occur in the tidal region. Different starting times for the rays relative to the tidal phase provide different propagation environments, so that the temporary critical levels appear at different heights. The lateral component of the tidal wind is shown to advect propagating wave packets; the maximum lateral displacement of a packet varies inversely with its vertical group velocity. Time-dependent effects are more pronounced in local winter than in summer.  相似文献   

14.
An automatic tomography algorithm, based on differential semblance optimization (DSO), has been used to invert real cross-well seismic data for the background velocity. The method relies on the first-arrival transmitted waves. Given a background velocity model, the traveltimes between the sources and the receivers are computed, then semblance panels are created by back-propagating the data traces. If the velocity model is correct all the first-arrival transmitted waves will be aligned in the semblance panels. The DSO method consists of finding the background velocity by minimizing the L 2-norm of the difference between adjacent back-propagated traces. Thanks to the good behaviour of this DSO cost function about the solution, a local (gradient) optimization can be performed. This provides a relatively fast algorithm when ray tracing and analytic computation of the gradient are used.
Unfortunately the method fails in the presence of caustics in the data. However, this difficulty can be circumvented by applying suitable masks to the data. This approach is first applied to a synthetic example then to two real data sets: the McElroy data set recorded in West Texas and the NIMR data set recorded in Oman. The results are quite encouraging and similar to those obtained with classical tomography.  相似文献   

15.
A single set of vertically aligned cracks embedded in a purely isotropic background may be considered as a long-wavelength effective transversely isotropy (HTI) medium with a horizontal symmetry axis. The crack-induced HTI anisotropy can be characterized by the weakly anisotropic parameters introduced by Thomsen. The seismic scattering theory can be utilized for the inversion for the anisotropic parameters in weakly anisotropic and heterogeneous HTI media. Based on the seismic scattering theory, we first derived the linearized PP- and PS-wave reflection coefficients in terms of P- and S-wave impedances, density as well as three anisotropic parameters in HTI media. Then, we proposed a novel Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion method of PP- and PS-wave for six elastic and anisotropic parameters directly. Tests on synthetic azimuthal seismic data contaminated by random errors demonstrated that this method appears more accurate, anti-noise and stable owing to the usage of the constrained PS-wave compared with the standards inversion scheme taking only the PP-wave into account.  相似文献   

16.
A technique for automatic cross-well tomography based on semblance and differential semblance optimization is presented. Given a background velocity, the recorded seismic data traces are back-propagated towards the source, i.e. shifted towards time zero using the modelled traveltime between the source and the receiver and corrected for the geometrical spreading. Therefore each back-propagated trace should be a pulse, close to time zero. The mismatches between the back-propagated traces indicate an error in the velocity model. This error can be measured by stacking the back-propagated traces (semblance optimization) or by computing the norm of the difference between adjacent traces (differential semblance optimization).
It is known from surface seismic reflection tomography that both the semblance and differential semblance functional have good convexity properties, although the differential semblance functional is believed to have a larger basin of attraction (region of convergence) around the true velocity model. In the case of the cross-well transmission tomography described in this paper, similar properties are found for these functionals.
The implementation of this automatic method for cross-well tomography is based on the high-frequency approximation to wave propagation. The wavefronts are constructed using a ray-tracing algorithm. The gradient of the cost function is computed by the adjoint-state technique, which has the same complexity as the computation of the functional. This provides an efficient algorithm to invert cross-well data. The method is applied to a synthetic data set to demonstrate its efficacy.  相似文献   

17.

The dynamics of solitary Rossby waves (SRWs) embedded in a meridionally sheared, zonally varying background flow are examined using a non-divergent barotropic model centered on a midlatitude g -plane. The zonally varying background flow, which is produced by an external potential vorticity (PV) forcing, yields a modified Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV) equation that governs the spatial-temporal evolution of a disturbance field that contains both Rossby wave packets and SRWs. The modified K-dV equation differs from the classical equation in that the zonally varying background flow, which varies on the same scale as the disturbance field, directly affects the disturbance linear translation speed and linear growth characteristics. In the limit of a locally parallel background flow, equations governing the amplitude and propagation characteristics of SRWs are derived analytically. These equations show, for example, that a sufficiently large (small) translation speed and/or a sufficiently weak (strong) background zonal shear favor transmission (reflection) of the SRW through (from) the jet. Conservation equations are derived showing that time changes in the domain averaged amplitude ("mass") or squared amplitude ("momentum") are due to zonal variation in both the linear, long-wave phase speed and linear growth; dispersion and nonlinearity do not affect the "mass" or "momentum". Provided (1) the background PV forcing is sufficiently small, or (2) the background PV forcing is meridionally symmetric and the disturbance is a SRW, the dynamics of the disturbance field is Hamiltonian and mass and energy are thus conserved. Numerical solutions of the K-dV equation show that the zonally varying background flow yields three general classes of behavior: reflection, transmission, or trapping. Within each class there exists SRWs and Rossby wave packets. SRWs that become trapped within the zonally localized jet region may exhibit the following behaviors: (1) an oscillatory decay to a steady state at the jet center, (2) the creation of additional SRWs within the jet region, or (3) a steady-state wherein the solution has a smoothed step-like structure located downstream along the jet axis.  相似文献   

18.
A new approximate method to calculate the space-time acoustic wave motion generated by an impulsive point source in a horizontally layered configuration is presented. The configuration consists of a stack of fluid layers between two acoustic half-spaces where the source and the receiver are located in the upper half-space. A distorted-wave Born approximation is introduced; the important feature of the method is the assumption of a background medium with vertical varying root-mean-square acoustic wave speed. A closed-form expression for the scattered field in space and time as a function of the contrast parameters is deduced. The result agrees closely with rigorously calculated synthetic seismograms. In the inverse scheme the wave speed and mass density can be reconstructed within a single trace. Results of the inversion scheme applied to synthetic data are shown.  相似文献   

19.
Zhdanov提出的拟线性(QL)近似方法有效解决了积分方程计算速度慢、占用内存多的缺陷,但因为三维频谱激电(SIP)换源频繁,每次换源都需要重新计算剖分单元的并矢格林函数和一次场,所以用该方法模拟三维SIP的速度仍然缓慢.本文根据一次场及格林函数的空间对称性,提出了一种适用于多源电磁法的快速QL近似正演方法.在此基础上,实现了Cole-Cole参数范围约束的三维SIP共轭梯度反演方法.理论试算结果表明:快速QL近似方法适用于三维SIP正演模拟,计算速度较QL近似方法有了很大提高;Cole-Cole参数范围约束的三维SIP共轭梯度反演方法对零频电阻率、极化率等参数的反演效果良好,将异常区域剖分成2000块时迭代一次只需约0.2s的时间,占用内存大约为140 MB.  相似文献   

20.
Résumé Au colloque de Paris (1970) sur les Microseismes (MS) l'auteur a formulé les principes d'une théorie qui montre le rôle important, dans la génération des MS, joué par les houles croisées et donc par les variations de la direction du vent sur la mer, l'effect sélectif de la réflexion de la houle par une côte, la réfraction de la houle, le filtrage des houles arrivant à la côte par effet des petits fonds, la vitesse de propagation de la houle, généralement plus grande que celle des cyclones, le diagramme de rayonnement des sources, et par conséquent par la bathymétrie comme par la morphologie des côtes proches de la zone de génération.Des cas concrets de MS bien étudiés en fonction des circonstances météorologiques et océanographiques illustrent et justifient les principes originaux de cette théorie, en particulier ceux qui font l'objet des travaux dont les titres indiqués dans la bibliographie, concernent les MS classiques de la bande de périodes de 2 à 18 secondes.
Summary During the Symposium on microseisms of Paris (Sept. 1970), the author has formulated the principles of a theory which shows the leading part taken in the generation of microseisms by: Swells more or less crossed and therefore by changes in the direction of the wind; Selective effects of the reflection of the sea waves; The filtering of the components of the swell when it arrives on small depths; The speed of the swell generally faster than the cyclone; The diagram of radiance sources, and, consequently, by the bathymetry and the morphology of the coasts.Three concrete cases illustrate and justify the theory. They are well described in the papers quoted in References.
  相似文献   

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