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鄱阳湖湿地土壤微生物活性对年际水文变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湿地自然水文节律的改变影响着湿地生态系统的稳定与安全.为探究湿地水文变化对土壤微生物活性的影响,以鄱阳湖洲滩湿地3种典型植被狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）、南荻（Triarrhena lutarioriparia）和苔草（Carex cinerascens）下表层土壤（0~20 cm）为研究对象,对湿地土壤微生物呼吸、微生物生物量和水解酶等土壤活性特征进行连续3年的实验监测,分析年际水位变化对不同植被湿地土壤微生物活性的影响.结果表明：丰水年显著提高土壤中养分的可利用性（有机质、总磷、速效磷）,提高土壤微生物生物量、微生物熵、水解酶活性,表明丰水年有利于湿地生态系统的物质循环转化.水文条件也能通过影响湿地植被生长改变土壤养分状况,进而对植被下土壤微生物活性产生显著影响.诸多土壤理化因子中,可溶性有机碳是驱动微生物活性变化最关键的因子.进一步分析表明,由植被类型所代表的长期水文累积效应对湿地土壤理化及微生物活性的调节作用大于单纯的年际水文变化. 相似文献
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高寒草甸土壤组分碳氮含量及草甸退化对组分碳氮的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以青海省果洛州达日县原生高寒嵩草（Kobresia）草甸封育系统和重度退化草甸为对象,通过密度分组技术将每个土样分为2个组分：轻组和重组,分别分析每个组分的有机碳和全氮浓度,研究高寒原生嵩草草甸土壤密度组分碳氮数量和性质、检验高寒草甸退化对土壤轻组和重组中碳氮含量的相对影响程度;研究结果如下：（1）高寒嵩草草甸原生植被土壤表层重组和轻组的碳浓度分别为3.84%和28.63%,氮浓度分别为0.362%和1.192%,重组中C：N为10.60而轻组中的碳氮比为23.80;（2）从各组分中有机碳占全土有机碳的比例看,重组中的有机碳占明显优势;随土壤深度的增加,重组碳的比例由78.95%（0～10cm）上升到90.33%而轻组碳的比例由21.05%（0～10cm）下降到9.68%;（3）高寒草甸严重退化导致表层土总有机碳由47.47g·kg-1下降到17.63g·kg-1,其中重组碳含量由37.31g·kg-1下降到16.01g·kg-1,轻组碳含量由10.01g·kg-1下降到1.62g·kg-1,即按照土壤组分碳氮含量计算,重组碳流失了57%,轻组碳流失了84%;同时重组氮流失了43%,轻组氮流失了79%;（4）轻组中碳氮流失的主要原因不是由于草甸退化导致轻组本身碳氮浓度降低,而是由于土壤中轻组绝对数量降低导致的.重组中氮的流失远低于碳的流失,这可能暗示重组在保护氮的方式上与有机碳存在区别. 相似文献
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土壤有机碳地球化学及其与岩溶作用的关系：以桂林丫吉村岩溶？… 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩溶土壤有机碳地球化学研究表明：岩溶土壤是有机碳的巨大储库;土壤有机碳含量以松结态为主,紧结态次之,稳结态最少;土壤表层,鞍部、坡地土壤有机碳较活跃（较多松结态）,为岩溶作用ＣＯ２的丰富来源。有机碳可氧化性分级分析表明：表层土壤有机碳中易氧化态占６０－８５％,Ａ层土壤较Ｂ层更易被氧化;土壤来源ＣＯ２是岩溶驱动ＣＯ２的潜在动力。从鞍部－坡地－洼地,Ｂ层土壤有机碳可氧化性由弱到强递增。野外监测表明：在 相似文献
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贵州草海湿地不同水位梯度土壤碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量比分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对贵州草海湿地4种水位梯度下(农田区、过渡区、浅水区和深水区)表层土壤(0~10 cm)碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量比进行研究,以期揭示草海湿地不同水位梯度下土壤碳、氮、磷生态化学计量比的分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明:土壤总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)及总磷(TP)含量在不同水位梯度之间均差异显著,由过渡区至深水区,土壤TOC及TN含量均呈递增趋势,而TP含量呈先降低后增加的趋势;农田区土壤TN含量显著高于浅水区,但深水区土壤TP含量显著低于农田区.不同水位梯度土壤碳氮比(C/N)、碳磷比(C/P)和氮磷比(N/P)也存在显著差异,由过渡区至深水区,土壤C/P和N/P均呈递增趋势,而C/N呈先增加后降低的趋势;与过渡区相比,农田区土壤C/N、C/P和N/P总体偏低.相关性分析表明:土壤C/N、C/P和N/P的空间分布与土壤TOC、TN、含水量等理化性质有关.可见,草海湿地水位变化对土壤TOC、TN和TP含量以及C/N、C/P及N/P的空间分布具有显著影响,且水位升高有利于增强土壤碳、氮、磷的固存潜力. 相似文献
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内陆盐沼湿地土壤碳氮磷剖面分布的季节动态特征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文以向海湿地为例探讨了内陆盐沼湿地土壤剖面中碳氮磷等生源要素的季节动态变化特征及其影响因素.结果表明,内陆盐沼湿地土壤中有机碳、全氮和全磷含量与土壤深度之间存在显著负相关,在剖面中均表现为由表层向下层其含量不断减少的趋势,且具有明显的季节波动特征,除表层土壤碳氮含量随季节变化呈持续增加外,生源要素剖面分布的季节变化基本表现为先减少后增加的趋势.有机碳、全氮和全磷含量之间关系密切,且三者受土壤粒度的影响都非常显著.土壤pH值仅与土壤有机碳之间存在显著的相关关系,而对全氮和全磷含量的影响则不显著. 相似文献
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太湖藻型湖区沉积物中生物易降解物质组成及分布规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究富营养化湖泊藻型湖区沉积物中生物易降解有机质的组成及其垂向分布特征,选取太湖竺山湾湖滨带和开敞湖区采集沉积物柱状样,利用微电极技术测定沉积物-水界面理化指标的剖面特征,并对沉积物中含水率、烧失量、色素含量、总有机碳、总氮以及生物易降解物质（总蛋白、总糖和总脂）进行测定.结果表明：藻型湖区沉积物-水界面处溶解氧、pH和氧化还原电位在垂向剖面上呈现出随深度增加而下降的趋势,空间上存在明显的异质性,湖滨带沉积物-水界面溶解氧、pH和氧化还原电位显著低于开敞湖区,而沉积物-水界面H2S浓度在垂向上则表现为随深度先降低而后升高的趋势.此外,藻型湖区沉积物中生物易降解有机质的组成和分布同样存在明显的空间异质性.组成上以脂类（7.7 mg/g）为主,其次是糖类（4.5 mg/g）,蛋白质（0.8 mg/g）含量最低;空间上,湖滨带沉积物中生物易降解有机质含量显著高于开敞湖区,表层15 cm以上沉积物含水率和烧失量较高,有机质含量丰富. 相似文献
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对安宁河断裂带地表破裂带土壤的总汞（THg）、总有机碳（TOC）和主量元素的含量进行了研究。结果表明,在小庙和紫马跨地表破裂带测线上,土壤THg与土壤气Hg含量的峰值位置较为一致,能够指示出断裂带释放Hg的通道位置。小庙、羊福山、野鸡洞和紫马跨地表破裂带土壤垂向剖面上THg与TOC的相关系数表明,TOC是影响土壤THg含量的重要因素。通过土壤THg与TOC,THg与化学蚀变指数（CIA）的相关系数以及THg含量的垂向分布模式,识别出安宁河断裂带土壤THg剖面的干扰来源、背景来源和断裂带脱气来源,为分析Hg的分布特征与构造活动之间的关系提供参考依据。 相似文献
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以太湖贡湖湾人工湖滨带为对象,研究湖滨水生植物修复过程及其富营养化控制效果.人工湖滨区域内的消浪带、岸上护坡措施为水生植物修复提供了良好的生境条件,形成了包括荇菜（Nymphoides peltatum（Gmel.）Kuntze）、睡莲（Nymphaea tetragona Georgi）、菱（Trapa bispinosa Roxb.）为主的浮叶植物群落,以及以黑藻（Hydrilla verticillata（Linn.f.）Royle）、狐尾藻（Myriophyllum verticillatum L.）、小眼子菜（Potamogeton pusillus L.）、竹叶眼子菜（Potamogeton malaianus）为主的沉水植物群落.通过设置研究区、对照区,持续监测溶解氧、总氮、总磷、氨氮、叶绿素a浓度等水体指标,烧失量、氮含量、磷含量等沉积物指标,水生植物生物量、覆盖度,浮游藻类等指标.不同时期、不同区域间的时空分布显示：随着水生植物的恢复,水体营养状态指数（TLI）、沉积物生物生产力指数（BPI）显著下降,水体透明度显著提升;较高浓度的总氮（>3.0 mg/L）、氨氮（>0.6 mg/L）环境不利于浮叶植物的生长,沉水植物对其则表现出更好的适应性,同时水生植物在成长过程中直接从水体/沉积物中吸收氮;颤藻（Cyanophyta oscillatoria）、直裂藻（Cyanophyta merismopedia）等浮游藻类吸收了水体磷,水生植物利用了沉积物磷,共同缓解了磷在湖滨区域的累计.总结以上,湖滨带的水文水质条件可以影响水生植物群落结构,进而决定氮、磷的控制效果,所以在湖滨带修复中构建合适的生境条件是水生植物发挥氮磷控制效果的重要前提.水生植物在恢复过程中对浮游藻类群落结构的影响是显著的,并且以此影响到湖滨水体中磷的分布. 相似文献
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湿地植物演替对土壤微生物量具有显著影响,但不同土壤理化环境下的植物演替对湿地土壤微生物量影响的具体差异还不清楚。以鄱阳湖土壤理化性质不同的4个碟形子湖(包括相对肥沃的东湖和白沙湖以及相对贫瘠的蚌湖和大湖池)为研究对象,运用空间代替时间的方法,在泥滩带、湿生植被带(苔草)和挺水植被带(南荻或芦苇)采集0~10 cm表层土壤,分析不同土壤理化性质条件下植物群落演替对土壤微生物量的影响。采用土壤微生物量碳(MBC)和微生物熵(qMB)指示土壤微生物量。蚌湖、大湖池、东湖和白沙湖洲滩湿地表层土壤MBC的平均值分别为1077.27、888.29、942.45和1162.46 mg/kg,土壤qMB的平均值分别为6.07%、6.17%、3.60%和3.79%。在泥滩-苔草-南荻植物演替洲滩,土壤MBC先增加后减少;但是在泥滩-苔草-芦苇植物演替洲滩,土壤MBC持续增加。植物演替没有显著改变土壤qMB。尽管植物的生长会增加所有洲滩湿地的土壤MBC,但增加的幅度在相对贫瘠的蚌湖和大湖池明显强于相对肥沃的东湖和白沙湖。蚌湖和大湖池的土壤qMB也显著高于东湖和白沙湖。在植被演替梯度上,洲滩湿地土壤MBC和qMB普遍受到土壤碳、氮、磷含量和pH的影响,但是不同洲滩湿地影响微生物量的关键元素并不相同。这些结果证明植物演替对湿地土壤微生物量的影响不仅与植物物种有关,还受土壤理化环境的影响。本研究将为认识湿地土壤微生物量的变化机制和科学管理长江中下游湖泊湿地提供依据。 相似文献
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苏北溱湖芦苇和芦苇+香蒲群落中植物对湿地土壤N、P的固持效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湿地土壤是湿地生态系统固持氮(N)、磷(P)的重要库,水生高等植物在湿地土壤固持N、P过程中起到了非常重要的作用.本研究采用室外取样与室内实验结合的方法,对溱湖湿地两种主要湿地类型(芦苇(Phragmites australis)群落和芦苇+香蒲(Typha latifolia)群落)影响湿地土壤N、P固持过程的规律展开研究.分析了芦苇、香蒲各器官生物量和总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)含量及储量对于土壤各土层TN和TP含量的影响.结果显示:(1)溱湖湿地对于水体TN和TP有一定的削减作用,且对TN的削减作用更大;(2)芦苇可以增强湿地土壤(30 cm以下的土层)富集N的效率,并且芦苇+香蒲群落中土壤固N效率更高,芦苇植株内TN和TP储量都是根茎叶穗,而香蒲则是根穗茎叶;(3)芦苇和香蒲茎、叶器官的TN和TP含量在夏季均显著高于其他几个季节,尤其是芦苇茎的TN含量在夏季高出其他几个季节70%~84%,而TP含量甚至高出其他几个季节81%~92%;(4)芦苇、香蒲对于P贫瘠的响应机制不同,导致芦苇会消耗土壤P,而香蒲的介入可以抵消这一消耗过程.因此,芦苇+香蒲的植物配置模式可以提高湿地土壤固持N、P的综合效率. 相似文献
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Land/water ecotones, the transitional boundary zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, can effectively trap and assimilate nutrients from external sources. The changes of nutrient cycling will cause a response in enzyme activity. In this paper, the enzyme kinetics of land/water ecotones in a shallow eutrophic wetland in China, dominated by a reed (Phragmites australis) community, are studied. The results indicate that land/water ecotones exhibit a strong filtration function and nutrient factor is an important feature affecting the distribution of enzymes in the transect of the littoral zone. The obvious spatial differences of enzyme activities and nutrients are present in the transect of the reed beds. The land area is the hot zone, where significant changes in enzyme activity occur. T‐test results show that the landward spot, 1 m away from the water‐land interface, is quite different from other spots, and the 1 m spot is the hot spot where great biochemical change happens. The principal component analysis of the environmental variables shows that nutrient factors have an important affect on enzyme distribution in the transect of the littoral zone. The nutrient factor explains about 54% of the observed variance. In particular, TOC (total organic carbon) correlates with the other five factors (TN; total nitrogen, TP; total phosphorus, phosphatase, β‐glucosidase, and urease) with correlative coefficients of 0.932, 0.595, 0.488, 0.433, and –0.468, respectively. The results indicate that TOC is a very important factor in Baiyangdian wetlands. 相似文献
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水文节律是影响湖泊湿地土壤碳循环的重要因素."堑秋湖"是鄱阳湖传统的渔业生产方式,对鄱阳湖碟形湖水文节律具有显著影响.因此,本文研究了"堑秋湖"对鄱阳湖洲滩土壤碳循环的影响.结果表明,"堑秋湖"围堤内外洲滩土壤总有机碳含量无显著差异,但围堤内土壤轻组有机碳含量比围堤外低35.03%.围堤内土壤有机碳(SOC)矿化速率明显高于围堤外.围堤内SOC矿化的平均Q10为2.72,比围堤外低4.83%,但两者SOC矿化的水分敏感性没有显著差异.围堤内外SOC矿化速率分别与土壤可溶性有机碳和土壤轻组氮含量相关关系最为显著.综上所述,"堑秋湖"围堤已经改变了鄱阳湖洲滩的土壤碳循环过程.模拟湖泊湿地土壤碳循环时需要充分考虑当地渔业生产的影响. 相似文献
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火烧作为调控因子,对植物群落结构和生态系统功能具有重要影响,但在湖泊湿地中研究较少.通过野外调查取样与实验室分析,探讨火烧对洞庭湖湿地主要群落类型——荻(Miscanthus sacchariflorus)和苔草(Carex brevicuspis)土壤化学性质的影响.结果表明:火烧后,苔草群落土壤硝态氮含量显著减少64.6%,有机质含量增加26.3%;而荻群落土壤与之相反,硝态氮含量增加186.9%,有机质含量减少22.9%.火烧后,苔草群落的全氮、铵态氮、全碳和全磷含量均显著增加,分别增加了75.4%、36.3%、102.7%和76.9%,而荻群落土壤与对照组间无显著差异.总体上,火烧对荻群落土壤养分影响不大,可作为芦苇场的一种管理方式,但火烧促进苔草群落土壤养分释放,有助于苔草群落提前萌芽和生长,并引起牲畜牧食增加. 相似文献
15.
Zhongming Zheng Shuanglin Dong Xiangli Tian Fang Wang Qinfeng Gao Peifeng Bai 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2009,37(3):218-224
Sediment samples were collected from three seawater aquaculture ponds, and soil characteristics, sediment oxygen consumption (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrient fluxes were measured using chamber incubations at laboratory. The three ponds were each representing a specific monoculture or polyculture model of sea cucumber. Total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in the dry sediment ranged from 0.14 to 0.26% and 0.022 to 0.037%, respectively. Total phosphorus (TP) contents in the sediment were more spatially and temporally variable. SOC ranged from 15.29 to 45.86 mmol m–2 d–1 and showed significant differences among the three ponds (p < 0.05). TOC, total carbon (TC) contents, and SOC of the sediment in the pond polycultured with jellyfish increased with culture time, indicating that jellyfish farming enhanced the accumulation of organic matter in the sediments to some extent. Sediment showed net nitrate and ammonium uptake in most ponds and months, and significant differences were found among months (p < 0.05). Dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) was released from the sediments in all ponds with low flux rates. DOC was released from the sediment in all ponds and ranged from 0.67 to 1.74 g DOC m–2 d–1. The results suggested that non‐artificial‐feeding sea cucumber culture ponds could not only yield valuable seafood products, but also effectively remove nutrients from the aquaculture systems and consequently alleviate nutrient loadings of the nearby coast. 相似文献
16.
Thi Phuong Quynh Le Viet Nga Dao Emma Rochelle‐Newall Josette Garnier XiXi Lu Gilles Billen Thi Thuy Duong Cuong Tu Ho Henri Etcheber Thi Mai Huong Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc Nguyen Bich Thuy Nguyen Nhu Da Le Quoc Long Pham 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(9):1329-1341
Riverine transport of organic carbon from terrestrial ecosystems to the oceans plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. The Red River is located in Southeast Asia where river discharge, sediment loads and fluxes of elements (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) associated with suspended solids have been dramatically altered over past decades as a result of reservoir impoundment and land use, population, and climate change. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations were measured monthly at four stations of the Red River system from January 2008 to December 2010. The results reveal that POC changed synchronically with total suspended solids (TSS) concentration and with the river discharge, whereas no clear trend was observed for DOC concentration. The mean value of total organic carbon (TOC = DOC + POC) flux in the delta of the Red River was 31.5 × 1013 ± 4.0 × 1013 MgC.yr?1 (range 27.9–35.8 × 1013 MgC.yr?1 which leads to a specific TOC flux of 2012 ± 255 kgC.km?2.yr?1 during this 2008–2010 period. About 80% of the TOC flux was transferred to the estuary during the rainy season as a consequence of the higher river water discharge. The high mean value of the POC:Chl‐a ratio (1585 ± 870 mgC.mgChl‐a?1) and the moderate C:N ratio (7.3 ± 0.1) in the water column system suggest that organic carbon in the Red River system is mainly derived from erosion and soil leaching in the basin. The effect of two new dam impoundments in the Red River was also observable with lower TOC fluxes in 2010 compared with 2008. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
In many streams, microbial growth largely relies on terrigenous organic carbon that has been initially stored in soils and
that is generally believed to be recalcitrant to microbial metabolism. The various mechanisms that underlie the availability
of terrigenous organic carbon as it enters streams remain poorly understood. One possible mechanism can be photodegradation
of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon (DOC) upon exposure to sunlight in streamwater. To explore this, we experimentally
exposed streamwater, shallow groundwater and soil water from a clear-water Alpine headwater stream, and both soil and algal
extracts, to UV-radiation and studied the effects on DOC optical properties and implications for microbial growth. Our results
on the apparent quantum yield suggest that DOC from groundwater and soil water is more resistant to photodegradation than
DOC in the streamwater itself. This would highlight the relevance of the exposure history of DOC to sunlight. Overall, UV-radiation
decreased the aromaticity (as SUVA254) of the DOC and reduced its molecular weight as indicated by the slope ratio, S
R (S
275–295/S
350–400). UV-treatment significantly increased bacterial growth rate and bacterial growth efficiency in the streamwater, soil water,
groundwater and soil extract but not in algal extract. Our findings suggest photodegradation as one mechanism that contributes
to the microbial utilisation of terrigenous DOC even in clear-water streams. 相似文献
18.
There are many problems for the reclaimed soil in opencast‐mining areas of the Loess Plateau of China such as poor soil structure and extreme poverty in soil nutrients and so on. For the sake of finding a better way to improve soil quality, the current study was to apply the weathered coal for repairing soil media and investigate the physicochemical properties of the reclaimed soil and the changes in enzyme activities after planting Robinia pseucdoacacia. The results showed that the application of the weathered coal significantly improved the quality of soil aggregates, increased the content of water stable aggregates, and the organic matter, humus, and the cation exchange capacity of topsoil were significantly improved, but it did not have a significant effect on soil pH. Planting R. pseucdoacacia significantly enhanced the activities of soil catalase, urease, and invertase, but the application of the weathered coal inhibited the activity of catalase. Although the application of appropriate weathered coal was able to significantly increase urease activity, the activities of catalase, urease, or invertase had a close link with the soil profile levels and time. This study suggests that applying weathered coals could improve the physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities of the reclaimed soil in opencast‐mining areas of the Loess Plateau of China and the optimum applied amount of the weathered coal for reclaimed soil remediation is about 27 000 kg hm?2. 相似文献
19.
20.
Changes in the contents and composition of dissolved amino acids and carbohydrates were monitored in different Phragmites australis stands in Germany. Four different reed clones planted in 1997 in a degraded fen area in NE-Germany were compared with respect to the seasonal development in the total amount of amino acids and sugars in the basal culm internodes. The individual Phragmites clones showed significant differences in the absolute content of both parameters indicating an influence of the genotype. Flooding affected the ratio of amino acids to carbohydrates within the reed clones. Plants grown in flooded parts of the fen area revealed a significantly higher total amino acid content together with a lower total content of carbohydrates.Furthermore, the effects of extreme flooding on the content and composition of amino acids and carbohydrates in the basal culm internodes of Phragmites australis were studied in nine reed stands with different degrees of damage on Lake Constance. Shoots from extremely damaged reed stands were characterised by a significant decrease in the total content of carbohydrates, an increase in the total content of amino acids and an increase in the share of γ-aminobutyric acid. These changes in the content and composition of carbohydrates and amino acids were discussed with respect to their value as stress indicators, such as for oxygen deprivation which causes a hypoxic metabolic state in Phragmites australis stands. 相似文献