共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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近场地震动具有很高的加速度峰值和长周期的速度脉冲,因此能够对结构造成严重的破坏.基础隔震是一种有效的减震技术,然而这种单一的减震手段在低频具有很高能量的近场脉冲型地震动作用下已不能确保结构的安全,必须寻求新的减震策略.本文将速度脉冲模型与随机地震地面运动模型联合来生成近场脉冲型地震动,并以此作为激励,用MATLAB对近场脉冲型地震动作用下TMD-基础隔震混合控制结构及独立基础隔震结构的地震响应进行求解,比较研究该混合控制结构的减震效果.结果表明该混合控制方式可以有效地控制结构的位移,而对加速度的控制效果不明显. 相似文献
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中小震近场地震动估计中地震动衰减关系的适用性分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
核工程场地设计基准地震动确定中涉及弥散地震的地震动估计，这导致中小震近场地震动估计成为被关注的研究课题。本文基于一些中小震近场地震动记录资料，分析和探讨了国内外多种地震动衰减关系对中小震近场地震动估计的适用性问题，并结合我国几个核工程地震问题研究工作的实践对中小震近场地震动衰减关系确定的思路和原则提出了建议。 相似文献
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随着交通网络向偏远地区辐射，桥梁结构会不可避免的出现靠近断层的情况，受到近断层地震动的影响显著。为了研究近场地震作用下简支梁桥的搭接长度需求，基于ANSYS平台建立了简支梁桥的弹塑性分析模型。通过动力响应分析、弹塑性分析和抗剪能力分析，探讨了近场地震动的脉冲效应对简支梁桥搭接长度的影响。研究表明：近场地震动的脉冲效应放大了结构的地震响应，脉冲型地震和非脉冲地震作用时的最大墩梁相对位移分别为115.1 cm和41.5 cm;两类地震作用时的最大剪力分别为1 892.5 kN和1737.8 kN,最大剪力剪切强度比为0.82;当PGA≥0.4 g时，脉冲型地震作用下桥墩底部塑性铰区的最大转角超过极限转角，桥墩发生破坏，而非脉冲型地震PGA=1.0 g时的塑性铰转角小于极限转角；当PGA=1.0 g时，塑性铰破坏前墩梁相对位移为37 cm,占规范搭接长度的41.8%,近场地震作用下简支梁桥的搭接长度需求满足规范要求。 相似文献
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由于核电产业的普及、优质地基的减少以及对近断层的研究还不够全面深入,AP1000堆型三代半非能动筒体-环形组合厂房的场址可能面临近场地震动作用,并很有可能选择在非基岩场地建设,因此评估其抗震性能和可靠度十分必要。首次考虑硬土地基和水平位移限制器对结构的双重影响,针对厂房底板基础隔震措施在近场地震动作用下的效果问题,根据ATC-63选取15组远场地震动和14组近场地震动,以材料应变作为损伤指标,对比研究有无隔震装置AP1000堆型筒体-环形组合厂房的地震损伤,论证该建筑结构基础隔震措施在近场和远场地震下的不同作用效果。结果表明,所设计的筒体-环形组合厂房基础隔震措施在近场地震动作用下具有明显的隔震效果,但其效果要小于远场地震动;近场地震动下,有隔震装置厂房第四等级损伤安全度比无隔震装置厂房要小,但仍然满足有关标准的要求,因此其具有在非基岩场地下近断层区域建设的可行性。 相似文献
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显著的竖向地震动是近断层地震动区别于远场地震动的重要特征之一,为更合理地确定竖向地震动作用,研究了近断层区域竖向地震动的反应谱特征及其与水平向反应谱比值的影响因素.首先,选取1952—1999年世界范围内震级在M5.4—7.6之间的18次地震的地震动记录,研究竖向地震加速度反应谱及其与水平向加速度反应谱比值特征;然后统计分析了断层距、场地条件、震级以及断层机制对竖向与水平向加速度反应谱比的影响.结果表明,一般情况下竖向加速度具有更丰富的短周期分量,并且竖向加速度反应谱衰减较慢;断层距在20km以内的近断层区域、软弱土层场地、中等震级地震和逆断层大震级中长周期范围等条件下,具有较大的竖向与水平向加速度反应谱比值;在近断层区域的结构抗震设计中应充分考虑竖向地震动的影响. 相似文献
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为研究近断层地震动特性对火灾后多层RC框架抗震性能的影响,以火灾后某多层RC框架结构为研究对象,结合火灾后现场材料的检测与鉴定报告,开展了结构火灾前后在近场有脉冲和无脉冲地震作用下的结构动力弹塑性时程分析,对比分析了近场有脉冲和无脉冲地震动特性对火灾前后RC框架结构整体的抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明:火灾后,整体结构地震响应明显大于火灾前,火灾后结构底层层间位移角在脉冲型地震和无脉冲地震作用下分别达到火灾前的1.44和1.54倍;近场脉冲型地震作用下结构响应明显大于无脉冲地震,罕遇地震作用下,近场脉冲型地震工况下的底部层间位移角相较于无脉冲地震工况增加了96.0%,火灾后更是增加了118.0%。研究成果可为多层RC框架火灾后安全性评估和加固设计提供参考。 相似文献
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具有向前方向性效应特征的地震动与普通远场地震动存在明显差异. 作者曾尝试结合简单脉冲和近断层地震动参数衰减关系提出此类地震动的设计谱模型. 为进一步检验所提出设计谱的适用性，分析了53条典型近断层方向性效应地震动的伪速度谱、 规准伪速度谱和双规准伪速度谱，发现方向性效应地震动的双规准伪速度谱在土层和岩石场地上具有差别明显, 且离散性小的特点.考虑场地条件的影响, 基于双规准伪速度谱预测了近断层方向性效应地震动的设计谱， 并与此前的研究结果进行了对比. 结果表明, 场地条件对于近断层方向性效应地震动影响显著；位于近断层岩石场地的建筑结构, 尤其是中、短振动周期结构， 可能比土层场地更易于遭受破坏. 最后, 提出了用于近断层结构抗震分析的简单脉冲模型的建议. 相似文献
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罗奇峰 《地震工程与工程振动》1994,14(4):35-43
本文用统计一经验格林函数法估计了日本1923年关东地震(M7.9)的近场加速度时程,合成的加速度峰值、持时与他人的研究结果符合较好,说明统计-经验格林函数法是在没有小震记录场点估计近场地震动的一个有效方法。合成结果也说明1971年Kanamori推定的关东地震断层模型2适合用来估计该次地震的近场地震动。根据九个场地的合成结果推测,关东地震近场基岩加速度最大值约为300Gal,地表加速度最大值约为600Gal。 相似文献
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Introduction The characteristics of ground motions recorded near the fault of an earthquake are quite dif- ferent from the usual far-field ground motions. After the original recognition of their differences in the Port Hueneme earthquake in 1957, a great lot of inhabited structures and lifeline systems were damaged in the major earthquakes happened in the following years. The damages were beyond minds of seismologists and engineers. A quite rational reason is the lack of enough knowledge of t… 相似文献
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The response and damage assessment of engineering structures under near-field ground motions is currently of great interest. Near-field ground motion with directivity focusing or fling effects produces pulse-like ground motion that has characteristics different from those of ordinary records. This paper develops simple deterministic and probabilistic models for near-field pulse-like ground motions. These models belong to the class of engineering models that aim to replicate some of the gross features observed in near-field records. The ground velocity is expressed as a steady-state function or a stationary random process modulated by an envelope function. Both models account for the non-stationarity and the multiple pulses in the ground velocity. While the deterministic model is similar to some of the models developed earlier, the probabilistic model facilitates handling uncertainties in the ground motion and variability in the structure's properties. For instance, this model combined with structural reliability methods can be used for reliability assessment of structures under near-field random ground motion. The reduction of the structural response by adding supplemental dampers is also investigated. 相似文献
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自从现代地震学形成以来， 人们一直沿用地震烈度来度量地震的破坏后果和破坏程度， 地震工程师也致力于给地震烈度赋以恰当的物理量， 一方面旨在解释地震的破坏作用， 同时也希望能用这个物理量来代表地震对结构的一种输入荷载， 以供工程抗震设计使用. 这就是研究ldquo;地震烈度物理标准rdquo;工作的任务. 但是由于不同结构的破坏机理很不相同， 甚至同一类结构由于层高、 使用的材料以及所在场地的差别， 即使在同一地震作用下， 其震害也会有很大的差异. 此外， 导致结构破坏的地震动因素也十分复杂， 绝不限于地震动峰值一个因素. 因此本文指出， 新的烈度标准应不仅能反映各种结构的具体特点， 还应在研究地震动幅值参数的同时进一步考虑与地震动能量有关的参数， 特别是针对不同结构应采用不同的地震动参数. 相似文献
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Introduction In1564,an Italian man named Jacopo Gastaldi(XIE,1958)presented the first macroseismic intensity scale in the world,which based on the building damage and the ground surface failure after an earthquake.Today the seismic intensity has developed into an indispensable important concept,which applies to seismology and earthquake engineering,however it was just used to de-scribe earthquake damage while the concept of intensity was established.With this concept,seis-mologist can estima… 相似文献
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长周期地震动的频谱特性是影响长周期结构动力响应的重要因素,目前关于其频谱特征周期参数的研究尚有欠缺。根据长周期地震动的界定方法,选取65条远场长周期地震动和50条近场脉冲型地震动,计算各条地震动的10个频谱特征周期参数,通过分析各周期参数与长周期地震动低频特性指标的相关性和离散性,探讨合适的长周期地震动频谱特征周期表征参数。结果表明:5个卓越周期均不能合理地反映长周期地震动的频谱特性,且离散性较大;Hilbert边际谱平均周期Tmh评价近场脉冲型地震动频谱特性的合理性不足,Hilbert能量谱平均周期TmE评价近场脉冲型地震动频谱特性的稳定性较差。综合比较相关系数和变异系数的大小后建议加速度反应谱平均周期Tavg、Tmh作为表征远场长周期地震动频谱特性的特征周期,Tavg和加速度反应谱特征周期Tc作为表征近场脉冲型地震动频谱特性的特征周期,且Tavg是反映长周期地震动频谱特性的最优周期参数。 相似文献
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近场地震的动力特性明显不同于远场地震,因此有必要对结构在近场地震作用下的动力性能展开研究。以上部钢结构-下部混凝土结构这类竖向刚度不同的加层混合结构为研究对象,对其在近场脉冲型地震、近场无脉冲型地震及远场地震作用下的动力响应进行研究。结果表明:在多遇、设防、罕遇地震作用下,近场脉冲型地震会使结构的层间位移角、层间剪力、加速度等动力响应均放大并出现超限的情况,而且都比罕遇地震作用下结构的响应增大更明显;在进行近场区加层混合框架结构的设计和建设时,近场脉冲效应会使结构存在不满足规范的情况,有必要对竖向刚度不同的加层混合结构在近场区的适用性进行深入研究。 相似文献
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Kenneth K. Walsh Makola M. Abdullah 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2006,5(2):223-233
Semi-active dampers are used in base-isolation to reduce the seismic response of civil engineering structures. In the present study, a new semi-active damping system using variable amplification will be investigated for adaptive baseisolation. It uses a novel variable amplification device （VAD） connected in series with a passive damper. The VAD is capable of producing multiple amplification factors, each corresponding to a different amplification state. Forces from the damper are amplified to the structure according to the current amplification state, which is selected via a semi-active control algorithm specifically tailored to the system＇s tmique damping characteristics. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the VAD-damper system for adaptive base-isolation, numerical simulations are conducted for three and seven-story base-isolated buildings subject to both far and near-field ground motions. The results indicate that the system can achieve significant reductions in response compared to the base-isolated buildings with no damper. The proposed system is also found to perform well compared to a typical semi-active damper. 相似文献
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This article analyses the response of steel-moment resisting frames subjected to near-field ground motions. In near-field areas high damage and a relevant number of collapsed steel buildings arose even when both design and detailing had been performed in perfect accordance with the code provisions. These circumstances are related to the characteristics of the motion that in such areas shows large-amplitude pulses along the fault-normal component. The response of two steel moment resisting frames characterized by different stiffness levels and subjected to seven different accelerograms recorded in stations located in near-field areas is discussed in the following. The frames have been also analyzed by modelling the real behavior of semi-rigid joints between beams and columns and taking into account the presence of passive dampers (shear link devices). The non-linear dynamic analysis has been performed with the aim of acquiring a quantitative knowledge on the effects of near-field ground motions on frame buildings and on their damage. 相似文献
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Ground motions with strong velocity pulses are of particular interest to structural earthquake engineers because they have the potential to impose extreme seismic demands on structures. Accurate classification of records is essential in several earthquake engineering fields where pulse‐like ground motions should be distinguished from nonpulse‐like records, such as probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and seismic risk assessment of structures. This study proposes an effective method to identify pulse‐like ground motions having single, multiple, or irregular pulses. To effectively characterize the intrinsic pulse‐like features, the concept of an energy‐based significant velocity half‐cycle, which is visually identifiable, is first presented. Ground motions are classified into 6 categories according to the number of significant half‐cycles in the velocity time series. The pulse energy ratio is used as an indicator for quantitative identification, and then the energy threshold values for each type of ground motions are determined. Comprehensive comparisons of the proposed approach with 4 benchmark identification methods are conducted, and the results indicate that the methodology presented in this study can more accurately and efficiently distinguish pulse‐like and nonpulse‐like ground motions. Also presented are some insights into the reasons why many pulse‐like ground motions are not detected successfully by each of the benchmark methods. 相似文献