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1.
近1800年来云南洱海流域气候变化与人类活动的湖泊沉积记录 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
对云南洱海湖泊岩芯沉积物进行了多环境指标（年代学、色素、硅藻、有机碳稳定同位素、磁化率、化学元素）的分析,建立了近１８００年来云南洱海流域气候与环境变化的序列,气候演化具有暖干、冷湿交替的组合呈些特征气候阶段如中世纪温暖期、小冰期气候特征在洱海源泊沉积记录中均有反映,洱海湖泊上沉积记录的气候暖干－冷湿交替变化规律,反映了西南委风影响下的气候演化特征,湖泊沉积记录中包含丰富的人类以的信息,磁化率,元 相似文献
2.
随着气候与生态问题的不断涌现,气候环境变化与生态系统响应研究的重要性日益凸显,而传统方法逐渐难以满足深入研究的需要.现代分子生物技术的快速发展使针对湖泊沉积物的DNA分析逐渐被引入相关研究中,有效弥补了传统研究方法的不足,为研究者提供了理解过去气候和环境变化、生态系统响应的新视角.湖泊沉积物中的DNA蕴藏着丰富的生物群落演变信息,不仅是重建古气候、古环境变化历史的有力工具,更有助于研究生态系统的长期演化过程及内部机制,探讨气候环境变化及人类活动对生态系统的影响.本文分析了保存在湖泊沉积物中DNA的特点,着重介绍湖泊沉积物DNA分析在气候环境变化及生态系统响应研究中的应用,并对该技术目前存在的挑战、可能的解决方案及未来发展潜力进行了总结与展望. 相似文献
3.
青藏高原现代湖泊变化与考察初步报告 总被引：18，自引：5，他引：13
青藏高原广布的湖泊敏感地记录着气候与环境变化过程的信息．因它在地球中、低纬度地区最少受人类活动干扰,环境的演化变迁忠实地反映了纯自然过程,因此继南、北极之后,青藏高原正在成为研究全球变化的新的热点地区．青藏高原上的湖泊绝大部分为封闭湖盆,湖泊水位的变化直接记录着流域内的水量平衡变化过程．可敏感反映气候的变化．湖泊水化学性质记录了湖泊自身的演化历史,湖泊沉积物则包含着丰富的湖泊物理、化学、生物的沉积过程信息,这些过程与气候、环境演变又有着密切的关系．为了探讨湖泊沉积物和湖泊水体中的物理、化学、生物… 相似文献
4.
在全球变化的背景下,厘清湖泊生态系统对气候环境以及人类活动的响应机制对制定社会的适应政策非常重要.目前的研究手段如现场观测和围隔实验等可以很好地揭示湖泊生态系统在有观测记录以来的演替和变化过程,但是不能提供历史时期湖泊生态系统的变化及其对气候环境变化和人类活动的响应.古湖沼学可以为探讨湖泊生态系统的长期变化及其对气候环境变化的响应提供重要信息.本文以青藏高原中部无鱼湖泊达则错为研究对象,利用沉积物岩芯西藏拟溞（Daphnia tibetana）残体丰度和总烯酮含量重建该区过去1000年的浮游生物记录;利用总氮、总磷以及总有机碳含量重建过去1000年湖泊营养盐以及有机质变化记录;结合烯酮不饱和度重建的古温度记录,探讨达则错过去1000年生态系统变化及其对气候环境演变的响应机制.研究发现达则错湖泊生态系统尤其是生产力在自然状况和人类活动影响下存在显著变化.在自然状况下,较高的湖泊初级和次级生产力发生在温度较低和湖水营养盐浓度较高时;而在过去150年,达则错湖泊环境受到人类活动影响显著,湖泊生产力发生相应变化,较高的湖泊生产力发生在温度较高时期,其主要受由人类活动带来的营养盐元素浓度控制.研究结果表明达则错湖泊生态系统在人类活动影响下发生了显著的改变. 相似文献
5.
南四湖沉积剖面中色素与有机碳同位素特征的古环境意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
湖泊沉积物中的色素含量与种类是研究湖泊初始生产力的湖泊环境的有效手段之一。而有机碳同位素比值反映了沉积有机物来源信息。本文在对南四湖沉积剖面中总有机含量分析的基础上,测定了有机碳的同位素比值,同时通过剖面中色素指标的分析,揭示该湖泊环境演化历史。研究表明,南四湖成湖时代为２．４５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．,成湖水体主要来自黄河泛滥;其次,南四湖东西沉积环境差异较大,西部（微山湖）主要受黄河泛滥影响,东部（独山湖 相似文献
6.
云南杞麓湖沉积物记录的近现代生态环境变化及影响因子识别 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着云南社会经济的持续发展与极端气候事件的频发,高原大中型湖泊面临着水质恶化、生态与环境功能退化的长期胁迫.为识别亚热带大型湖泊面临的主要环境压力,以杞麓湖为研究对象,在对沉积物钻孔进行物理(粒度、烧失量)、生物(色素、硅藻)等指标分析的基础上,结合现代监测和湖泊调查数据,重建了近两百年来湖泊水文条件、富营养化和环境变化的历史,并对硅藻群落结构的演化进行了驱动过程识别.沉积物粒度在1958年之前变化总体较为稳定且有较高的黏土含量;随着围湖造田等流域开发的增强,沉积物粒度组成自1960s开始频繁波动且粗颗粒组分快速增加.1981—2000年期间,随着落水洞泄水工程的修建杞麓湖的水位控制与水文调控得到加强,沉积物砂质含量降低且粒度组成变化较小;2000—2013年期间,湖泊疏浚工程的开展和区域降水的持续减少都导致了沉积物粒度组成波动较大、粗颗粒组成较高.沉积物色素记录了湖泊初级生产力的缓慢上升出现于19世纪中后期,并自1960s开始总叶绿素与蓝藻色素含量总体出现了较大幅度的增加趋势并持续至今.而在2000—2005年期间,湖泊浅水区的疏浚清淤导致了内源营养盐输入量的降低与藻类生物量的明显下降;沉积物蓝藻色素含量在1998、2008和2012—2013年左右出现明显的峰值,指示杞麓湖可能出现了较大范围的蓝藻暴发事件.统计分析结果显示,湖泊硅藻群落结构出现了多次明显转变且呈现底栖硅藻百分比长期降低的特征,水体富营养化的持续是驱动硅藻群落结构演替的主要因子,而水生植物退化、水文条件与气候变化也对硅藻群落的构建产生了重要的叠加影响.本文的沉积物分析结果表明,亚热带大型湖泊的生态治理与环境保护需要重点围绕营养盐负荷控制、水文调控优化与底栖生境恢复,并需应对全球变暖与极端气候事件产生的叠加影响. 相似文献
7.
8.
南四湖沉积剖面中色素与有机碳同位素特征的古环境意义 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
湖泊沉积物中的色素含量与种类是研究湖泊初始生产力和湖泊环境的有效手段之一．而有机碳同位素比值反映了沉积有机物来源信息．本文在对南四湖沉积剖面中总有机碳含量分析的基础上,测定了有机碳的同位素比值,同时通过剖面中色素指标的分析,揭示该湖泊环境演化历史．研究表明,南四湖成湖时代为2．45kaB．P,成期水体主要来自黄河泛滥;其次,南四湖东西沉积环境差异较大,西部（微山湖）主要受黄河泛滥影响,东部（独山湖）则为山麓碎屑沉积;近代南四湖中蓝藻大量繁盛,湖泊具有逐步向富营养化发展的趋势． 相似文献
9.
《中国科学:地球科学》2016,(4)
沉积色素已经成为反映浮游植物生物量和群落结构的有效指标,被广泛应用到研究过去湖泊和海洋生态系统初级生产力变化及其对气候变化与人类活动的响应中.但是由于色素的特殊化学属性,不同的提取和分析方法对不同介质中的色素具有明显的选择性.因此,在不同区域,为获得浮游植物生物量和群落结构等信息,需要选择合适的色素提取和分析方法.本文利用L_9(3~4)正交实验方案,对青藏高原中部典型半对流型湖泊(达则错)和双季对流型湖泊(江错)表层沉积物进行对比研究,选择适用于青藏高原湖泊沉积色素的提取和分析方法.对比发现提取试剂的类型及含量、色谱柱和流动相分别是影响湖泊沉积色素提取与分析过程中的关键因素.利用丙酮:甲醇:水混合试剂(80:15:5,体积比),冰浴超声30s并低温静置6h对于青藏高原湖泊沉积色素提取具有最佳提取效率.在进行色素分析时,反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)系统中采用Eclipse Plus C_8色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,粒径为3.5mm),流动相A为甲醇:乙腈:0.25m吡啶(50:25:25,体积比);流动相B为甲醇:乙腈:丙酮(20:60:20,体积比),流动相A的pH利用醋酸调节为6,柱温保持40℃时,色素分离效果最好.本研究为进一步利用青藏高原湖泊沉积色素研究湖泊初级生产力变化和湖泊生态系统对气候变化和人类活动的响应提供了实验基础. 相似文献
10.
古湖沼学中的化石硅藻—80年代以来研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
化石硅藻由于其丰度高、壳体易于保存,对环境变化敏感、分布范围广等特点,已成为古湖沼学研究中的重要研究手段。80年代以来国际上湖泊硅藻研究在以下几方面得到迅速发展:(1)系统分类;(2)与环境因子的关系;(3)湖泊酸化、富营养化;(4)气候变化;(5)转换函数;(6)再沉积作用和溶解作用;(7)与色素对比分析等。我国湖泊化石硅藻研究起步较晚,80年代以来已积累了一些研究资料,近年来此项研究已开始受到重视和加强。 相似文献
11.
Climatic and environmental changes over the last millennium recorded in the Malan ice core from the northern Tibetan Plateau 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
WANG Ninglian YAO Tandong PU Jianchen ZHANG Yongliang SUN Weizhen 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(10):1079-1089
In this paper, climatic and environmental changes were reconstructed since 1129A.D. based on the Malan ice core from Hol Xil, the northern Tibetan Plateau. The record of δ 18O in the Malan ice core indicated that the warm-season air temperature variations displayed a general increase trend, the 20th-century warming was within the range of natural climate variability, and the warmest century was the 17th century while the warmest decade was the 1610s, over the entire study period. The “Medieval Warm Epoch” and “Little Ice Age” were also reflected by the ice core record. The dust ratio in the Malan ice core is a good proxy for dust event frequency. The 870-year record of the dust ratio showed that dust events occurred much frequently in the 19th century. Comparing the variations of δ 18O and the dust ratio, it is found that there was a strong negative correlation between them on the time scales of 101―102 years. By analyses of all the climatic records of ice cores and tree rings from the northern Tibetan Plateau, it was revealed that dust events were more frequent in the cold and dry periods than in the warm and wet periods. 相似文献
12.
Correlation between high-resolution climate records from a Nanjing stalagmite and GRIP ice core during the last glaciation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A 400-mm-long stalagmite from Tangshan Cave, Nanjing has been analyzed by a high-precision TIMS-U series dating method and
also determined for oxygen and carbon stable isotopic compositions. The results provided a high-resolution paleoclimate record
for eastern China during a time interval (from 54 000 to 19 000 aBP) of the last glaciation. The continuous record of oxygen-18
variations in the stalagmite, indicating a precipitation history of the East Asian monsoon, shows not only signals of the
Heinrich events, but also the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles which are first found in the last glacial climate record of the East
Asian monsoon area. Although the stalagmite-based climatic signals match well with the GRIP ice core record, some differences
between the two records can be recognized: (1) The last glacial climate changes in eastern China exhibited a long-term remarkably
cooling trend, superimposed on which were four successive Bond’s cycles illustrated by the δ18O curve. This strong cooling tendency may be an effect of the strong summer monsoon event during the MIS 3 over the Tibetan
Plateau. (2) There exist some phase differences of 1000–2000 years between the cooling events in the stalagmite-based climate
signal and the GRIP ice core record. Such differences should be further verified by calibrations of multiple dating methods 相似文献
13.
Based on ice core records in the Tibetan Plateau and Greenland, the features and possible causes of climatic changes on orbital and sub-orbital time scale were discussed. Orbital time scale climatic change recorded in ice core from the Tibetan Plateau is typically ahead of that from polar regions, which indicates that climatic change in the Tibetan Plateau might be earlier than polar regions. The solar radiation change is a major factor that dominates the climatic change on orbital time scale. However, climatic events on sub-orbital time scale occurred later in the Tibetan Plateau than in the Arctic Region, indicating a different mechanism. For example, the Younger Dryas and Heinrich events took place earlier in Greenland ice core record than in Guliya ice core record. It is reasonable to propose the hypothesis that these climatic events were affected possibly by the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Therefore, ice sheet is critically important to climatic change on sub-orbital time scale in some ice ages. 相似文献
14.
Tandong Yao L. G. Thompson Yafeng Shi Dahe Qin Keqin Jiao Zhihong Yang Lide Tian E. M. Thompson 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1997,40(6):662-668
The climatic and environmental variations since the Last Interglaciation are reconstructed based on the study of the upper
268 m of the 309-m-long Guliya ice core. Five stages can be distinguished since the Last Interglaciation from the δ18O record in the Guliya ice core: Stage 1 (Deglaciation), Stage2 (the Last Glacial Maximum), Stage 3 (interstadial), Stage
4 (interstadial in the early glacial maximum) and Stage 5 (the Last Interglaciation). Stage 5 can be divided further into
5 substages; a, b, c, d, e. The δ18O record in the Guliya ice core indicates clearly the close correlation between the temperature variation on the Tibetan Plateau
and the solar activities. The study indicates that the solar activity is a main forcing to the climatic variation on the Tibetan
Plateau. Through a comparison of the ice core record in Guliya with that in the Greenland and the Antarctic, it can be found
that the variation of large temperature variation events in different parts of the world is generally the same, but the variation
amplitude of temperature is different.
Project supported by thc Climbing Program of the State Eighth Five-Year Plan and the National Natural Science Foundation of
China. 相似文献
15.
The eastern part of Qilian Mountains experienced strong tectonic uplift during the late Quaternary, and climate record there was influenced by Tibetan Plateau to some extent. Based on studies on the fluvial terrace series and eolian loess deposition, we find that the tectonic uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau had coupled with climatic changes in our studied region and others since the mid-Pleistocene. The uplift that occurred at 0.83 Ma corresponded to significant desert expansion in L6 and periodic variation since MIS16, while the 0.14Ma one to the further drying in northwest China. Those coupled events may indicate that tectonic uplift drove climatic changes, and the Tibetan Plateau has important impacts on East Asian Monsoon system. 相似文献
16.
Holocene climate change in the Central Tibetan Plateau inferred by lacustrine sediment geochemical records 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Multi-proxies of lacustrine sediments, such as total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulfur (TS), hydrogen index (HI), oxygen index (OI) and stable carbon isotopic composition of organic matter (δ 13Corg), were analyzed using a 7.3 m core from Zigê Tangco. The source of the organic matter in the sediment was mainly from autochthonous phytoplankton, therefore the significances of proxies can be interpreted as that high TOC, TOC/TS, HI and δ13Corg values, low TC, TIC values corresponded to warm and wet climatic condition, and vice versa. The process of climatic development in the Zigê Tangco region was hence recovered. During the early and Mid-Holocene, the climate was warm and wet and intensive cold events occurred during the periods of 8600 to 8400 cal a BP and 7400 to 7000 cal a BP. In the second half of Holocene, the climate became cold and dry gradually. The palaeoclimatic process during Holocene in Zigê Tangco region matched well with that in Co Ngoin region which is ca 40 km to the south-east. Therefore this palaeoclimatic process represents the Holocene climatic feature in the Central Tibetan Plateau which has the same pattern in the Northern Tibetan Plateau, but the time and duration of some climatic events might be different. We can conclude that in Holocene solar insolation controlled the climatic pattern on the central Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
17.
中更新世以来青藏高原RH孔和洛川黄土记录的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
根据若尔盖盆地ＲＨ孔的研究成果，具体地将该孔的２１个阶段和洛川黄土记录进行对比，分析其异同点，探讨了高原不同降升阶段自身环境特点及其对邻近西北干旱区的影响。 相似文献
18.
Climatic variations in the past 140 ka recorded in core RM, east Qinghai-Xizang Plateau 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The sequences of climatic evolution are reconstructed by the analyses of δ13C and δ18O of carbonate from core RM in the Zoige Basin since 140 kaB. P. During the Last Glaciation there existed at least seven warm
climatic fluctuations and five cold events correlated with the records of ice core and deep sea, and during the preceding
last interglacial period there were two cold climatic variations coinciding with the record of ice core GRIP. These results
de-pict climatic instability in east Qinghai-Xizang Plateau over the last interglacial period. In addition, the environmental
proxies of the carbonate content and pigments indicate the similar results to the stable isotope record from core RM.
Project supported by the Chinese Climbing Project (85-029-02-01). 相似文献
19.
湖泊不同位置岩芯沉积物相同代用指标的变化是否一致对于重建可靠的区域气候变化历史至关重要.目前多数研究仅利用深水区单一的沉积岩芯来反演区域的气候环境变化,对于不同位置岩芯重建结果的异同尚缺乏研究.本文选择托素湖不同位置、不同水深的4根短钻岩芯沉积物,在放射性核素(210 Pb和137 Cs)定年的基础上,对比分析各岩芯沉积物粒度、碳酸盐含量等代用指标的变化情况.结果显示,湖泊内相近的沉积岩芯沉积物粒度变化相似,但相距较远的岩芯之间粒度变化差异较大;浅水区的沉积物粒度(粒径或组分含量)在短时间尺度上变化很大,而深水区的沉积环境比较稳定,在百年尺度上的变化不明显;有机质与碳酸盐含量总体变化趋势一致且有较好的相关性,表明碳酸盐可能受到湖泊生产力的影响.碳酸盐含量、碳酸盐氧同位素(δ18 O)和TL06孔孢粉的A/C比值变化基本一致,反映的有效湿度变化与同期气象记录的相对湿度一致,但与降水量和蒸发量的变化不一致.因此,托素湖粒度指标仅指示不同位置钻孔沉积环境状况,与气候变化的关系并不明显,用碳酸盐及其同位素等地球化学指标恢复区域气候变化历史更可靠. 相似文献
20.
A 2.8 Ma record of environmental evolution and tectonic events inferred from the Cuoe core in the middle of Tibetan Plateau 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on a multi-proxy investigation into the deep core of the Cuoe Lake in the middle of Tibetan Plateau, a 2.8 Ma paleoclimatic
and paleoenvironmental evolution is reconstructed. The result of magnetic stratum indicates that the lake basin was formed
at about 2.8 MaBP, while the multi-proxy analyses of lithology, grain size, magnetic susceptibility and geochemical elements
reveal that there have been three major environmental evolution stages and at least two intensive uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau
in the lake basin area, i.e. during 2.8-2.5 MaBP, the lake basin came into being as a result of the disaggregation of the
planation surface and rapid rising of the Tibetan Plateau. During 2.5-0.8 MaBP, with gradual uplift of the Tibetan Plateau,
the environment of this area was more effectively controlled by the climatic cycle of the alternative glacial-interglacial
stages. After 0.8 MaBP, the middle part of the Plateau accelerated its uplift and entered cryoshere. 相似文献