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汶川5.12大地震发生后,在武都汉王地震台及其附近地区布置了2个大地电磁测深点,进行了两期余震序列的地震电磁效应连续监测,共观测到Ms4.0及以上的余震事件35次.通过与汉王强震台的地震记录数据中15个强震记录比较发现,与地震波相对应的地震同震电磁信号存在于所有的电场和磁场记录分量中,它们与地震波到达同步.地震破裂发生时的电磁辐射信号在记录数据中相比地震波达到观测点的电磁信号幅度要小得多,无法从观测数据识别出来.通过分析对比地震位移和同震电磁信号的关系,提出了地震电磁同震信号产生的地震波驱动机理,认为观测系统在地球基本磁场中随地面运动产生了地震同震电磁信号,并从观测的地震振动位移和电磁信号进行了验证. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(1)
交变电磁场是对地震事件反应最灵敏的物理场之一,已观测到与地震有关大量的电磁场异常现象.随着人工源极低频电磁技术和卫星电磁观测技术在地震观测中被逐步应用研究,交变电磁场法用于地震观测的数据量呈数量级的增加,急需发展适于海量数据或大数据的信息处理和挖掘技术.本文介绍了自适应滤波技术及其在地面电磁场观测数据处理中的应用研究,以及小波分析技术在地面和卫星观测数据分析中的应用研究,表明在对实际测量数据处理中,自适应滤波技术可以有效识别天然源信号和人工源信号,并且提高了电磁场频谱和视电阻率计算的信噪比,小波分析等技术可以发现电磁异常现象与地震事件可能存在的相关性.这些技术可能成为对海量观测数据处理分析的有效方法. 相似文献
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中国地震电磁监测试验卫星张衡一号(ZH-1)已于2018年2月2日成功发射,正在开展卫星数据在轨测试,并对卫星数据质量进行判定.本文对ZH-1卫星2018年5月至6月夜侧的VLF频段电场功率谱数据进行了分析.通过分析位于不同L值、具有不同发射频率的多个VLF人工源上空的卫星重访轨道观测数据,发现ZH-1卫星记录的人工源信号电场变化标准差与DEMETER卫星记录电场变化标准差几乎一致,说明ZH-1卫星观测数据具有较好的稳定性.通过重访轨道均值与全波模型计算结果对比,发现两者在数值上较为接近,在形态上较为一致,说明ZH-1卫星VLF频段电场功率谱数据具有一定的可靠性.此外,研究了VLF人工源上空及共轭区的电场分布特征和电波传播规律,并与DEMETER卫星的结果进行了对比,结果表明VLF人工源产生的电磁辐射穿透电离层后以导管或者非导管的哨声波模向共轭区传播,因为传播过程中的朗道阻尼,共轭区的电场能量比辐射源顶空更小.VLF人工源位于L1.5时,电磁波传播更容易发生非导管传播,VLF人工源信号导管传播模式在共轭区的电场响应相对于共轭点会发生一定程度北向偏移. 相似文献
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瞬变电磁法是重建地下电阻率等电性结构的重要方法.传统磁性源和电性源瞬变电磁法主要观测横电极化场，横电极化场仅对良导目标敏感，对高阻目标的分辨能力有限.横磁极化场对高阻目标具有较强的分辨能力，但未得到有效利用.双线源瞬变电磁法可以增强观测电场中横磁极化场的占比，但对该方法的响应特征和分辨能力缺乏系统性的研究.为此，本文以双线源为例开展瞬变电磁横磁场响应特征与分辨能力分析.双线源瞬变电磁水平电场的响应强度要小于传统接地导线源，在发射源的中垂线上，层状大地模型的响应为零，观测的水平电场响应只能由地下的三维目标体产生.分别提取双线源和传统接地导线源激发电磁场中的横磁场和横电场，双线源瞬变电磁场中的横磁场占比要大于传统接地导线源，特别是在中晚期，横磁场远大于横电场，横磁场占比得到明显增强.通过均方根差和三维数值模拟的计算，双线源瞬变电磁水平电场显示出相较于传统接地导线源更强的高阻目标分辨能力，特别是在赤道向，水平电场对高阻目标分辨能力的增强效果更加明显. 相似文献
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通过对发生在北京附近的两次地震之前，在几个台站上观测到的ULF电磁发射异常分析，并与亚美尼亚等地震前观测到的ULF电磁发射信号的横向比较，提出了一种可能与地震有关的电磁发射现象．它的主要特征是:① 异常扰动在地震前若干天内间歇性地出现，频率明显地高于ULF频段的暴间磁扰和地磁脉动的频率，至少不低于1 Hz；② 同一地震同一观测点的同类仪器，包括观测磁场分量的和电场分量的仪器都同时观测到了类似的异常信号；③ 同一地震距震中较近的台站与较远的台站相比，出现异常的时间较早，频率也较高；④ 异常信号的大小可能与地震的大小有关．较强的地震发射的电磁信号较强，并且信号强度在不同频率范围内的分配可能不同；⑤ 在地震之前能够观测到ULF电磁异常发射的地震似乎有一个震级阈值，如果较小的地震也有电磁发射的话，现有仪器的灵敏度可能还观测不到． 相似文献
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本文介绍一种采用大功率稳流发射、低噪声测量、宽频带接收以及分布式同步等技术，自主研制的分布式多功能电磁法仪器系统.系统包括大功率电磁法发射机、分布式电磁法接收机、磁场传感器、整流源等设备.采用ARM芯片和FPGA芯片进行发射机的整机控制和信号整形发射，采用PC104工控机和FPGA芯片进行接收机的整机控制和信号处理.在人工场源模式下实现了可控源音频大地电磁法（CSAMT）、谱激电法（SIP）和时域激电法（TDIP）等测量功能；在天然场源模式下实现了大地电磁法（MT）、音频大地电磁法（AMT）的测量功能.发射机在满功率发射的情况下连续可靠运行时间大于12 h，接收机的动态范围大于120 dB，接收机可接收信号频率范围是0.001 Hz~32 kHz.通过典型矿区的野外实验和应用，表明本系统的性能总体上达到了国际先进水平. 相似文献
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本文利用地下电偶极子产生的电磁场模型, 尝试模拟和推算地震前地面电磁台站观测数据所需震源深度处等效电偶矩。 结果显示, 在观测频率为1 Hz, 地下平均电导率取7.0×10-4 S/m 时, 2008年汶川MS8.0地震前电磁异常高潮期, 距离震中1440 km 的高碑店台NS测向观测到1.3 mV/m的电场强度所需震源深度处等效电偶矩量级为1013A·m; 若考虑地震主破裂长度150 km, 则产生的地电流量级为108 A。 同时, 这一等效电偶源在地面产生电场的2D分布图显示出很强的方向性(或不均匀性); 信号强度和电流源方向存在着密切的关系, 且电磁场值随观测距离增大而衰减迅速。 这部分地解释了地震相关电磁异常信号的方向性(或不均匀性)的观测事实; 如果观测点位于非强信号区, 即使在有效的探测范围内也可能记录不到异常信息, 这对地震监测台网仪器选址和布置提出了要求, 具有现实的指导意义。 相似文献
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《地震工程学报》2016,(Z1)
通过对上海地区近5年电磁扰动观测资料的整理,从扰动能量的角度分别对雷电信号、高压输电信号、工业源信号、测区作业信号、地铁干扰信号和地震电磁扰动信号等观测异常信号的能量强度特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)目前上海及其周边地区不存在能使电磁扰动观测电场能量变化超过1 000mV/km量级的电磁辐射源;(2)青浦台记寻到的电磁扰动观测异常信号在变化形态上与其他可识别的异常信号存在明显差异,其中31次电磁扰动观测异常信号具有短期地震前兆异常的特性;(3)与震例对比分析后可知,大地震在孕震过程中产生的电磁信号可以远距离传播,其传播距离可以达到800km以上,甚至有可能超过2 000km。 相似文献
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按照《地震及前兆数字观测技术规范》和《地震台站观测环境技术要求(第二部分,电磁观测)》(GB/T 19531.2-2004),对安徽省肥东地震台地电阻率观测场地进行了勘选,采用十字电测深法勘探地下介质的电性结构分布情况,并对观测环境进行电磁骚扰测试,经过对测量结果进行计算和初步分析处理后,认为该场地适合地电阻率台站建设... 相似文献
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ELECTROMAGNETIC ANOMALOUS PULSES BEFORE AND AFTER EARTHQUAKES(M>6.0) IN CHINA CONTINENT IN 2008 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this paper,we provided the electromagnetic anomaly phenomena prior to five earthquakes with magnitude MW>6.0 occurring in China continent in 2008.The electromagnetic data in frequency bands 800~0.1Hz are recorded at two stations located in Urumqi,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (URQ) and Tonghai,Yunnan Province (TH).The time series of four horizontal components of the electromagnetic field at the stations are converted to the spectra using Fast Fourier Transform.The relationship between the electromagnetic anomalous phenomena and the earthquake events is studied through analyzing the temporal variation of electromagnetic spectra and comparing them with earthquake events.This study provides the new examples for electromagnetic anomaly phenomena before the earthquakes.The following features can be found.①The obvious anomalous power spectrum density (PSD) of electromagnetic fields in frequency band of 128~0.5Hz appeared before earthquakes.The anomalous PSD is related to the earthquake magnitude and the epicenter distance.The anomaly size of magnetic PSD is about 1-3 orders of magnitude bigger than the background field before Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake.② The changes of parameters are also related with frequency of the signal;The ELF signal strength observed at seismic stations is significantly related with distance between the stations or the measured magnetic and electrical field components and the source of earthquake.We also found that the field strength attenuated faster in area closer to the source than in far area.It is clear that the magnetic signals have higher signal noise ratio than the electric data.③ The amplitudes are also related with the azimuth of the earthquake to station and with the frequency of the data.④ The anomalous pulses showed cluster phenomenon in time. 相似文献
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We are reporting some results and future planning of the Magnetic and Electric fields Monitoring Project. The principal purpose of the project is to create a network of observatories for monitoring the electromagnetic signals in the 0.001 Hz–100 kHz frequency bands in Central Italy. These bands include both natural and artificial signals. The technological objectives of the project are the development of new instrumentation and the know-how transfer to the industry. These instruments were tested in the Geomagnetic Observatory of L'Aquila, the first station of the network. Here we show some examples of the developed electric and magnetic sensors. These instruments are designed for the automatic long-term recording of the electromagnetic fields in a wide band of frequency. The preliminary results of the first operating station of the network are shown taking into account, in the signal elaboration, the single station approach. Here we are reporting some examples concerning the calculation of the ground electric resistivity profile, the evaluation of the magnetic induction vectors and the study of the magnetic sources by the eigenvectors calculation. When all the stations of the network will be in operation, the use of an innovative technique, the wideband interferometry will be proposed. Combining the simultaneous observations of the electromagnetic field measured in each station, we will be able to obtain detailed information about the investigated electromagnetic sources. 相似文献
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V. A. Mullayarov V. I. Kozlov A. V. Amburskii 《Journal of Volcanology and Seismology》2007,1(4):274-282
An analysis of amplitude variations in the noise and storm-induced impulsive VLF electromagnetic signals recorded at Yakutsk along paths above earthquakes is reported. It is shown that amplitude characteristics of storm-induced VLF signals can usefully supplement signals of radio stations as used in the radio monitoring of regions above earthquakes. The effect on these signals due to earthquakes of magnitude greater than 5 is observed as an amplitude increase within the three days following an earthquake. The pre-seismic variations in the storm-induced signal amplitude which can be regarded as precursors are generally observed as increased amplitudes (within 10 days before the earthquake) with a subsequent minimum. 相似文献
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5月12日汶川8.0级地震强余震观测的电磁同震效应 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
2008年5月12日汶川8.0级大地震发生后,在武都汉王地震台及其附近地区进行了为期22d的余震序列电磁异常连续监测,观测到多次余震事件的电磁同震现象。通过与汉王强震台的地震记录数据比较发现,同震信号存在于所有的电场和磁场记录分量中,它们与地震波的到达同步,而不是在地震发生的时刻出现。地震发生时的电磁辐射信号似乎在记录数据中有所显示,但是与地震波到达观测点时的电磁信号相比幅度要小得多 相似文献
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本文利用DEMETER卫星VLF频段电场和磁场频谱数据对DEMETER卫星运行期间2005年至2009年澳大利亚甚低频(Very Low Frequency)通信台NWC发射的通信信号造成的电离层电磁响应的日变化、季节变化及年变化特征进行了统计分析,统计结果表明电磁响应日变化显著,夜间电场强度明显增强可达40dB,磁场变化略小也可为15dB左右,而季节变化不显著,年变化主要受太阳活动的影响,太阳活动越强,电磁响应越小.为解释数据分析结果,对地-电离层电磁波传播过程采用传递矩阵方法进行了模拟计算,模拟结果与数据分析的结果一致.我们认为这种随时间变化的特点可能由250km以下电离层电子密度分布特征导致,因此研究250km以下的电离层电子密度变化可能对寻找地震电离层电磁异常有重要意义. 相似文献
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PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND LOCAL CORRELA-TION TRACKING AS TOOLS FOR REVEALING AND ANALYZING SEISMO-ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNAL OF EARTHQAUKE 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This study provides new seismo-electromagnetic data processing methods to extract the anomalous signals by combining the principal component analysis(PCA)and local correlation tracking(LCT)methods. The PCA method can separate signals of different frequencies by projecting them to different axes according to their energy. So it can solve the problems of identifying the relatively weak signals in strong interference background to a certain extent. The LCT method is more suitable for non-stationary signal processing compared with classical cross-correlation method. This method is based on the good spatial correlation between the magnetic field components of different ELF stations to pick up the correlation coefficient, so as to achieve the purpose of weak anomalies signals identification. As a case study of the M4.6 Jinggu earthquake in Yunnan, China, we investigated the electromagnetic data observed by ELF stations near the epicenter. First, we applied the PCA method to the magnetic-filed data and got the temporal variation of percentage of each principal component. The results indicate that the contribution of the second principal components, which may relate with the earthquake, increased significantly about a week before the earthquake. Then, we applied the LCT method to the magnetic-filed data processing as well, and the results of both north-south and east-west magnetic field components showed that local correlation coefficient saw anomalies about a week before the earthquake, which had a good corresponding relationship with the former results by PCA method. Both means for the same earthquake case got a consistent conclusion, which not only enhanced the reliability of the results, but also confirmed the effectiveness of two methods applied in the earthquake-related electromagnetic anomalies extraction. We also discussed the possible relationship between these anomalies and the earthquake. Although there are no direct evidence and supporting theories in terms of the relationship between abnormal electromagnetic signals and earthquakes at present, the studies in this paper may strengthen the understanding of seismoelectromagnetic phenomena and promote further research. 相似文献
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A theory of electromagnetic radiation generation by random electric discharges in the troposphere and VHF radiowave scattering by these discharges has been developed. The discharge model, which makes it possible to calculate the spatiotemporal distribution of the discharge channel conductivity depending on the electric current value in this discharge, has been obtained. The electromagnetic radiation spectrum in the troposphere occupied by random discharges has been calculated. VHF electromagnetic wave scattering by random electric discharges in the troposphere has been considered. Equations have been derived, and the method for calculating the average value of the electromagnetic wave field scattered by random discharges has been developed. The calculations indicated that the scattered wave field amplitude is much larger than the diffraction wave field amplitude behind the horizon. The theoretical results agree with the observations of the electromagnetic radiation and VHF transmitter signals behind the horizon relative to the earthquake epicenter during the earthquake preparation. 相似文献