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1.
Newmark方法在芦山地震诱发滑坡分布预测研究中的应用 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
对于地震滑坡灾害而言,进行地震滑坡危险区划是降低损失的有效手段之一.因此,地震滑坡危险性预测方法的研究成为这一领域的热点.2013年4月20日芦山地震诱发了大量的滑坡崩塌,造成了严重的人员伤亡和社会经济财产损失.文中通过对地震灾区震后航片、遥感影像等的解译,初步获得此次地震诱发滑坡的分布概况.在芦山地震灾区的地形和岩性分析的基础上,基于Newmark物理平衡模型,对该区的潜在地震滑坡危险区进行了分析预测,通过对比本研究获得的潜在滑坡区域预测结果与解译的滑坡分布情况,表明Newmark模型是一种有效的地震诱发滑坡预测分析方法.进一步探讨了不同滑坡影响范围估算方法的差异,认为震级与产生滑坡最远距离之间的关系是一种较好的估算方法. 相似文献
2.
汶川地震触发了极为严重的滑坡灾害,北川县是本次地震受地震滑坡灾害影响最为严重的地区之一,其中的王家岩、唐家山滑坡分别是本次地震造成人员伤亡最多和危险性最高的滑坡.本文利用在龙门山地区获得多组主震数据资料对震时北川县城的震动情况及滑坡破坏情况进行了定量计算和论证. 相似文献
3.
滑坡是我国最常见的地质灾害之一.老滑坡体加上断层破碎带的影响往往导致工程滑坡成因机理更为复杂.针对广东大潮高速公路K20工点滑坡案例的破坏情况,通过现场调研和地质勘测确定该滑坡工程的变形特征,探讨了受老滑坡及断层带控制的滑坡致灾机理,并且对该处滑坡进行了稳定性分析.结果表明:该处为老滑坡地貌,地质构造是形成老滑坡的控制因素,公路路堑边坡开挖引起的坡体应力状态改变诱发了老滑坡的复活,降雨集中将加剧复活滑坡的灾害风险.针对上述分析结果,在该处滑坡原设计的基础上,提出了抗滑桩支档、锚索锚杆格梁和综合排水等综合性整治措施. 相似文献
4.
2013年四川省芦山“4.20”7.0级强烈地震触发滑坡 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
2013年4月20日,四川省芦山县发生了MS7.0地震.文中简要介绍了芦山地震的基本情况与芦山地震区历史地震及其相关地震滑坡情况.依据2008年汶川地震滑坡与地震动峰值加速度(PGA)的空间关系,对芦山地震滑坡大体分布范围进行了推测.根据地震滑坡分类学,将芦山地震滑坡分为破坏型滑坡、连贯型滑坡、流滑型滑坡3大类.其中,破坏型滑坡包括岩质崩塌、岩质滑动、岩质崩滑、土质崩塌、土质滑动等5类;连贯型滑坡包括土质坍塌与慢土流2类;流滑型滑坡为快速流滑.破坏型滑坡如岩质崩塌、岩石滑动、土质崩塌这3类是芦山地震滑坡中最常见的类型.基于震后可利用的高分辨率航片,初步解译得到3 883处滑坡位置点数据.最后,从余震对滑坡的影响,芦山地震滑坡与邻区地震滑坡对比分析,对后续基于高分辨率遥感影像的滑坡精细解译的启示等3个方面开展了分析与讨论. 相似文献
5.
滑坡地质灾害在我国西北、西南广泛分布,传统的滑坡调查是采用地面调查结合钻探、槽探、坑探等方法进行.采用高性价比的地球物理手段进行滑坡勘查,对查清滑坡结构、探索其成灾机理和地质灾害评估及预警有重要意义.本文研究目的旨在探索研究低频地质雷达方法在滑坡勘查中的应用效果,为地质灾害调查提供实用技术手段.通过理论分析和野外试验,建立了滑坡正演模型,得出了滑坡典型电磁波传播特征,并在西北和西南几处滑坡上开展了野外试验,分析了黄土滑坡和基岩滑坡的雷达剖面特征,给出了地球物理解释.试验结果表明:低频地质雷达技术能够划分滑坡地层结构,对滑面深度和滑床形态准确刻画,对落水洞位置准确定位,这充分证实地质雷达是一种实用有效的地质灾害调查与评价技术手段. 相似文献
6.
地震学是利用地震波的传播特性来研究内部结构及震动源的一门学科,在获取滑坡体物性参数、监测其变化,以及探测滑坡发育过程中的变形和微破裂等信息具有天然的优势,这些信息对于滑坡的监测、治理、以及预警至关重要.本文调研了国内外近年来地震学手段在滑坡监测中的应用,分为滑坡体结构研究、滑坡发育过程中滑坡震研究以及滑坡启动后的动态过程研究三部分,主要概括了其原理及结论.调研结果表明,结合密集台阵长时间观测,地震学方法可以有效地获取滑坡体三维结构,局部及内部的变形、破裂情况,以及滑坡发生后的动力学过程.滑坡物性参数变化和滑坡震活动性异常等可能是滑坡灾害发生前的前兆信号,能被地震学手段获取. 相似文献
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针对基于机器学习的滑坡易发性评价中非滑坡样本选取不规范导致的分类精度较低问题,本文提出联合基于密度的噪声应用空间聚类（Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise,DBSCAN）采样策略和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）分类方法的DBSCAN-SVM滑坡易发性评价模型。首先,基于DBSCAN聚类和空间分析选取非滑坡样本;然后,将样本数据代入SVM分类模型进行训练与验证,预测并提取SVM分类中属于滑坡的概率,获得滑坡易发性;最后,以四川省绵阳市为试验区,预测滑坡易发性概率,基于滑坡易发性精度与分级结果等要素,与传统非滑坡样本采集策略的SVM滑坡易发性评价模型进行对比,并结合实际情况对DBSCAN-SVM模型评价结果进行分析。研究结果表明,相比传统SVM滑坡易发性评价模型,本文提出的DBSCAN-SVM滑坡易发性评价模型在高易发区和极高易发区中包含的滑坡样本数量较多,准确率、召回率、AUC、F1分数均得到提高,精度较高。 相似文献
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我国多山,滑坡灾害频繁发生,相应的滑坡稳定性分析也是一个重要研究课题.四川罗家青杠岭的滑坡现场非常典型,而且现场资料较全,是较好开展滑坡稳定性评价研究的实例.首先采用综合的勘察方法对该滑坡发育特征进行了详细调查,根据坡面岩土体性质的不同,将滑坡体划分为4个区域,并分析了滑坡的成因机制.然后基于FLAC3D软件,利用强度折减法对滑坡的稳定性进行模拟计算.通过建立三维数值计算模型和选取合理的计算参数,模拟得到了滑坡体天然和暴雨工况下的稳定性系数、剪应变增量云图等.通过计算和综合分析表明,滑坡变形较大的区域集中在坡体后缘残坡积区的两侧和崩坡积区后缘,滑坡在天然条件下处于稳定状态,在暴雨条件下处于欠稳定状态,坡体后缘左右两侧裂缝发育的区域很容易再次发生局部滑动,有必要采取相应的防灾减灾措施. 相似文献
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基于滑坡区地质环境,通过区域地质调查、大比例尺平面图测绘、滑坡微地貌和变形破坏特征测量、扫描电镜(SEM)分析滑带土微观结构等手段,对兰州市九州石峡口滑坡的特征和形成机制进行了系统研究.结果表明,该滑坡具有显著的分级分块滑动特性,降雨、不合理的人工绿化灌溉及滑坡区高陡的地形是诱发该滑坡复活的主要因素.采用多种极限平衡计算方法并结合滑坡所处的地质环境评价该滑坡在天然、降雨、地震以及降雨和地震耦合作用下的稳定性,为该滑坡的治理提供理论指导. 相似文献
10.
降雨型滑坡时空预报新方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
地质条件和降雨是引起重庆地区山体滑坡的两个最主要条件. 文中在分析降雨型滑坡形成条件的基础上, 提出了将地质条件和降雨因素进行分级叠合的降雨型滑坡时空预报新方法. 首先, 利用多因素相互作用关系矩阵, 对某个地区或者某个边坡所在位置的地质条件进行半定量的评价和分级. 然后, 根据日最大降雨量和降雨过程的总降雨量, 对该地区降雨的严重程度进行分级. 最后将“地质条件影响因子”和“降雨影响因子”进行分级叠合, 得到了“滑坡易滑程度判别因子”, 并据此将滑坡按照其易滑度分为滑坡极易发生、滑坡易发生、滑坡不易发生和滑坡基本不发生4级. 通过对某个地区的一些危险边坡进行地质勘察, 结合比较准确的天气预报, 可以对该地区的降雨型滑坡进行较为准确的时空预测预报. 以鸡扒子滑坡为例, 验证了利用“双因素”分级叠合方法进行降雨型滑坡时空预报的可靠性和可行性. 相似文献
11.
土坡最危险滑裂面的随机搜索和稳定性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于土质滑坡滑裂面的若干实例,总结出发生土质边坡滑裂面的一些规律。据此,提出滑裂面几何参数的若干统计规律。应用蒙特卡洛概念得出一系列滑裂面。用条分法分别确定出抗滑安全系数,安全系数最小的就是最危险滑裂面。通过实例验算,获得较为满意的结果。 相似文献
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中国西南地区地震滑坡的基本特征 总被引：28，自引：2，他引：28
本文总结了中国云南、川西地区１９７０年以来Ｍ≥６．７级强震的滑坡资料，归纳了该区地震诱发滑坡的地质地貌特征。认为把地震滑坡按其运动方式而划分为推移式滑坡、牵引式滑坡、溜滑性滑坡和崩塌性滑坡这四种类型有利于对地震滑坡灾害的评估。统计结果表明，大部分滑坡体的体积小于５００００ｍ￣３，滑坡体的厚度以０．５－５ｍ为主，因而西南地区的地震滑坡以浅层小型滑坡为主；滑坡均发生于第四系堆积层中，其中又以残积层中最为发育；这些滑坡主要沿四种结构软弱面发生；边坡的坡度对滑坡亦有一定的控制作用，一般来说，滑坡主要发生在坡度为３０°－５０°的斜坡上，其中最有利的坡度为３５一４０；地震滑坡的分布面积则主要取决于震级的大小，虽然它们之间没有明显的相关关系，但随震级的加大，地震滑坡的最大震中距和最大分布面积大致是增加的。一般来说，产生新的滑坡所需的最小地震烈度为７度，而诱发老滑坡所需的最小烈度则为６度，二者相差约１度左右。此外，滑坡的分布在很大程度上受地震断层的控制，其分布主方向和地震断层的方向大致相同。最后，本文在归纳了西南地区地震滑坡灾害特点的基础上，提出了在西南地区进行地震滑坡灾害评价的若干要点。 相似文献
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Xuanmei Fan David G. Rossiter Cees J. van Westen Qiang Xu Tolga Görüm 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(14):1913-1926
In this study we develop an empirical method to estimate the volume threshold for predicting coseismic landslide dam formation using landscape parameters obtained from digital elevation models (DEMs). We hypothesize that the potential runout and volume of landslides, together with river features, determine the likelihood of the formation of a landslide dam. To develop this method, a database was created by randomly selecting 140 damming and 200 non‐damming landslides from 501 landslide dams and > 60 000 landslides induced by the Mw 7.9 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. We used this database to parameterize empirical runout models by stepwise multivariate regression. We find that factors controlling landslide runout are landslide initiation volume, landslide type, internal relief (H) and the H/L ratio (between H and landslide horizontal distance to river, L). In order to obtain a first volume threshold for a landslide to reach a river, the runout regression equations were converted into inverse volume equations by taking the runout to be the distance to river. A second volume threshold above which a landslide is predicted to block a river was determined by the correlation between river width and landslide volume of the known damming landslides. The larger of these two thresholds was taken as the final damming threshold. This method was applied to several landslide types over a fine geographic grid of assumed initiation points in a selected catchment. The overall prediction accuracy was 97.4% and 86.0% for non‐damming and damming landslides, respectively. The model was further tested by predicting the damming landslides over the whole region, with promising results. We conclude that our method is robust and reliable for the Wenchuan event. In combination with pre‐event landslide susceptibility and frequency–size assessments, it can be used to predict likely damming locations of future coseismic landslides, thereby helping to plan emergency response. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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地震和降雨是滑坡产生的两大诱因。一般认为二者的耦合作用概率小,在现实中也较少发现有此种实例。岷县漳县6.6级地震中黄土地震滑坡广泛发生,本文通过现场调查,在相关降雨量数据、航空影像空间分析的基础上研究了两个地点(永光村滑坡和堡子村滑坡)的典型地震黄土滑坡的空间展布特征和发生、发展过程,分析了诱发机制。结果发现:(1)地震滑坡呈带状分布与地震发震构造走向一致;(2)位于极震区范围的永光村黄土滑坡具有泥流特征,土体含水量可达塑限以上,是由于过量降水和强地震动耦合作用下发生;(3)堡子村黄土地震滑坡则主要为强地震动所诱发,滑距较短,并具滞后发生特性。本结果对未来地震中滑坡的预防与防治具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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地震灾害基本特点及防震减灾对策的几点思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘要：本文从地震灾害的源一地震和地震灾害的客体一震区和社会环境两方面分析得出地震灾害的几个基本特点：瞬间突发性、破坏与损失的严重性、时空强不均匀性、次生灾害多样性等，并由此思考了防震减灾对策的几个问题。 相似文献
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EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY 2008 MS8.0 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE IN YINGXIU AREA 
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下载免费PDF全文 Strong earthquakes can not only trigger a large number of co-seismic landslides in mountainous areas, but also have an important impact on the development level of geological hazards in the disaster area. Usually, geological hazards caused by strong earthquakes will significantly increase and continue for a considerable period of time before they recover to the pre-earthquake level. Therefore, studying the evolution characteristics of landslides triggered by earthquake is particularly important for the prevention of geological disaster. In this paper, a 66km2 region in Yingxiu near the epicenter of the 2008 MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, which was strongly disturbed by the earthquake, was investigated. Firstly, one high-resolution satellite image before the earthquake(April, 2005) and five high-resolution satellite images after the earthquake(June, 2008; April, 2011; April, 2013; May, 2015; May, 2017)were used to interpret and catalog multi-temporal landslide inventories. Secondly, seven primary factors were analyzed in the GIS platform, including elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, stratum, lithology, and the distance from the nearest water system and the distance from seismogenic faults. Finally, the evolution of the landslide triggered by earthquake in this region was analyzed by comparing the landslide activity intensity in different periods, using the methods of correlation analysis, regression analysis, and single-factor statistical analysis. It was found that the total area of landslides in the study region decreased sharply from 2008 to 2017, with the area of the co-seismic landslide reducing from 21.41km2 to 1.33km2. This indicates that the magnitude of the landslides has recovered or is close to the pre-earthquake level. Moreover, correlation analysis shows that the elevation has a strong positive correlation with the distance from the nearest water system, and a weak positive correlation with the area. Meanwhile, there is a weak negative correlation between the distance from the nearest water system and the distance from seismogenic faults. Overall, the degree of landslide activity in the study region decreased over time, as well as the number of reactivated landslides and new landslides. The region where the area of earthquake triggered landslides decreased mainly concentrated at an elevation of 1 000m to 2 100m, a slope of 30° to 55°, an aspect of 40° to 180°, and a curvature of -2 to 2. In addition, the lithology of the Pengguan complex in the Yingxiu study region is more conducive to the occurrence of landslides, while the sedimentary rock is more conducive to the landslide recovery. When the distance from the nearest water system is more than 1 600m, the effect of the water system on the landslides gradually decreases. Also, the landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake in this area have the characteristics of the hanging wall effect, which means, the number of landslides in the northwestern region is much higher than that in the southeast side. 相似文献
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汶川地震高速远程滑坡速度研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
汶川地震诱发了大量的高速远程滑坡。在超强的地震动作用下,坡体结构被撕裂并抛射后,受到坡体前缘地形及自身势能的影响,很容易转化为碎屑流作远程运动,这种高位滑坡以其很快的运动速度和超常的运动距离造成了巨大的灾害与损失。本文在对汶川地震大型典型高速远程滑坡大量现场调查的基础上,分析了坡体临空飞行运动初始速度、滑程运动最大速度以及碎屑流运动速度,并且以东河口滑坡为例,对比了不同计算方法下的运动速度和运动性,得到东河口滑坡的运动特征值μ=0.2292,最大运动速度Vm ax=63.40 m/s,平均运动速度超过25 m/s,属于超高速滑坡运动以及强碎屑流性质。 相似文献
19.
Wenying Li Yong Zhang Yueyi Xu Xujun Zheng Rongjiang Wang Jinrong Su Guixi Yi Qinghua Huang 《地震科学（英文版）》2021,34(1):3-14
Two large landslides successively blocked the Jinsha River at the same location in Jiangda Village on October 10 and November 3,2018,respectively.The dynamic processes and possible interactions of the two landslides need to be studied to better understand the physical processes involved,and to provide information on future disaster mitigation.We investigated their force histories and sliding directions by inverting regional broadband seismograms.The scale of the October landslide was approximately three times that of the November event.The October event revealed a particularly strong deceleration force,which may have been caused by a collision between the sliding mass and ground surface.In contrast,the November event had a relatively weaker deceleration force,indicating that it may have been gradually stopped by the landslide dam formed during the October landslide.The sliding directions of the two landslides differed significantly in terms of both horizontal and vertical directions,indicating a change in their sliding surfaces.We conclude that unconsolidated materials at the top of the October landslide continued sliding along a curved slope during the November event.From our seismic models of dynamic processes,both the October landslide and local background may have affected and even changed a subsequent landslide's mechanism. 相似文献