共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
《中国科学:地球科学》2017,(8)
Fabry-Perot干涉仪(FPI)被广泛的应用于中高层大气风场的观测.目前,地基FPI监测中高层大气风场大都基于全干涉圆环,其观测一组风场数据需要15~25min,且由于全干涉圆环不利于多个观测方向同时成像在同一CCD(Charge-Coupled Device)上,因此限制了观测时间分辨率的进一步提高.而非全干涉圆环可以提供足够的空间将多个观测方向同时成像在同一CCD上,从而实现地基观测时间分辨率的提高.因此,本文结合FPI干涉环的特点,基于Taubin计算方法利用迭代法进行非全干涉圆环的圆心确定,然后基于圆心进行圆周积分,并进行半径拟合计算,进而进行大气风速的反演.基于该方法,本文利用2013年4月9日至5月6日28天的山西岢岚(38.71°N,111.58°E)的地基FPI气辉观测数据进行了风速反演验证,包括892.0、630.0和557.7nm气辉.将岢岚地基FPI非全干涉圆环的反演结果与全干涉圆环(傅里叶法)的风速进行了比较和分析,三种气辉的平均反演偏差分别为5.38、5.81和3.03m s~(-1).同时,将兴隆(40.40°N,117.59°E)地基FPI非全干涉圆环和全干涉圆环的风速结果与十三陵站点(40.3°N,116.2°E)的流星雷达风场数据进行了比较,风速变化趋势一致. 相似文献
2.
为了认识响嘡真实地震动下土体动力特征，分析场地响应，以及检验和提高工程钻探方法、现场测试及土工试验的精度，通过层转换矩阵永为实矩阵的成层场地地震反应分析， 结合遗传算法-单纯形法这一全局-局部混合优化方法，进行了同时考虑SH、P和SV波型的多分量实际波形的反演拟合. 最后给出了响嘡钻井台阵(2＃)3次中小地震反演结果，并提供了以往研究中没有涉及的纵波波速值、阻尼比值及与频率有关的阻尼频率因子b值. 结果表明，反演的响嘡2＃钻井台阵剪切波速值大于1994年单孔原位波速测试结果， 而更接近于距其200多米的3＃的剪切波速结果；并发现在峰值加速度60times;10-2m/s2量级的地震作用中就存在反演可以察觉的土体非线性. 另外， 该方法亦可用于其它钻井台阵的研究和分析. 相似文献
3.
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(11)
AURIC是由美国计算物理公司CPI与空军Phillips实验室联合开发的中高层大气紫外-可见光-近红外气辉辐射传输模型,是目前唯一用来进行中高层大气气辉辐射模拟研究的通用模型.基于MODTRAN模型的理论,AURIC可以进行80 km高度以上的辐射传输模拟并将辐射波段扩展到远紫外波段(80 nm).目前,CPI公司只面向全球发布了AURIC v1.2软件封装包,其只能进行2000年以前的单点计算,不适用于批量的中高层大气辐射模拟,更不能用于星上大气成分的批量反演.本文利用Matlab对AURIC v1.2地磁参数模块、大气电子密度模块、大气温度及各种中性气体成分密度模块进行了替代,将更新模块与原有的辐射计算模块相结合,将AURIC v1.2更新为AURIC-2012模型,其可以批量地进行全球的大气辐射传输模拟,可以与星载测量数据相结合进行中高层大气成分的批量反演,如O/N2、电子密度等,同时也为模型辐射计算模块的进一步改进和辐射机制的参数更新奠定基础.基于AURIC-2012模型,进行了气辉临边柱辐射强度模拟和体辐射率计算,并将结果分别与GUVI柱辐射强度和TIDI体辐射率实测值进行了比较,得到两者峰值的模拟平均相对误差都小于20%.最后,利用AURIC-2012对气辉临边柱辐射强度随纬度和高度的分布进行了二维模拟,并基于模拟对昼、夜气辉辐射强度分布特性及影响因素进行了分析. 相似文献
4.
在无线电GPS大气掩星观测中,GPS和LEO卫星的位置误差、速度误差、卫星钟的漂移、载波相位观测误差等会给其反演的大气参量带来一定的误差.为定量分析上述GPS测量误差对大气掩星反演精度的影响,本文采用模拟分析的方法,利用CHAMP实测轨道数据和大气与电离层经验模式,采用三维射线追踪方法模拟得到大气附加相位观测数据;然后根据各种GPS测量误差的不同性质,在模拟掩星观测大气附加相位数据中加入GPS测量误差并进行反演,将其反演结果与未加入误差时的反演结果进行比较,分析各测量误差所带来的掩星反演误差的特点;利用一天的151个分布全球的掩星事件的误差结果进行统计分析.结果表明:(1)±10 m的GPS径向位置误差引起的温度反演误差的平均误差在30 km的高度为(-+)0.8K,标准偏差为0.05K;±0.4 m的LEO径向位置误差引起的温度反演误差的平均误差在30 km的高度为(-+)1.2K,标准偏差为0.07K.(2)仅考虑卫星速度误差对掩星几何关系的影响,则±30 m/s的GPS速度误差引起的温度反演误差的平均误差最大为±0.02K,标准偏差为0.3K;±10 m/s的LEO速度误差引起的温度反演误差的平均误差最大为±0.4K,标准偏差为0.06K.(3)当卫星钟漂为1×10-9时,反演温度误差的平均误差在30 km的高度为263K,标准偏差为16K,当卫星钟漂为1×10-14时,反演温度误差的平均误差在30km的高度为0.019K,标准偏差为0.004K.(4)当L1和L2载波相位观测误差分别为1 mm和2 mm时,引起的温度反演的平均误差在30 km的高度为0.01K,标准偏差为0.4K.(5)利用较接近真实观测的三维大气和电离层背景下的模拟附加相位数据,同时加入国际最新指标的各种GPS测量误差进行反演,误差分析结果为:在30 km以下,折射率和密度的相对误差小于0.3%(1σ),压强的相对误差小于0.5%(1σ),温度误差小于1K(1σ). 相似文献
5.
近地表吸收参数反演是吸收衰减补偿的关键和基础.首先,对比不同微测井观测系统,选取适用于近地表品质因子估算的单井微测井资料用于频率依赖性分析.在此基础上,提出了一种新的近地表Q值反演方法——双参数拟合算法,该方法通过引入岩石物理分析得到的Q值与频率的经验函数,通过最小二乘遗传算法直接拟合Q值,用以验证Q随频率的变化关系.接着,在计算近地表衰减曲线的过程中,利用多道组合的方式计算得到各层的衰减曲线,用于不同地层的Q值反演.实际资料拟合结果表明,近地表品质因子Q具有较为明显的频率依赖性,随着频率的增加,Q值不断减小,这为近地表高精度Q值反演提供了新的思路. 相似文献
6.
电离层赤道异常两日振荡的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近20年来,国外学者对电离层赤道异常问题的数值模拟研究未考虑到大气行星波对潮汐发电机电场的调制效应,因而不能解释赤道异常峰值的逐日变化.本文结果表明二日波对F_2区电子浓度的输运有很大影响.这一方法可以推广到赤道异常各种长周期行星波振荡的数值研究. 本文从非定常等离子体连续方程出发,建立包含行星波振荡对E×B漂移的调制效应的方程,并给出数值模拟的方法以及可与实际观测进行比较的结果.文中取二日波漂移振幅为U_p=0 m/s、5m/s、10m/s,而初位相分别为φ=0°、90°共四种情形进行了模拟,结果表明,二日波的调制可使赤道异常的时空分布以及异常峰值产生明显的逐日变化.在所选取的模型中,取U_p=5m/s,φ=0°所得到的f_0F_2t的二日分布特征与观测较吻合.而u_p约5m/s的变化能引起异常峰值f_0F_2约1-2MHz的起伏,而二天之内f_0F_2的二个峰值表现出约2-4MHz的起伏. 相似文献
7.
测量夜间135.6 nm大气气辉辐射强度是目前有效的电离层探测方式之一,我国即将在风云三号卫星上搭载仪器,利用该波段夜气辉辐射测量来反演电子总含量(本文所指电子总含量表示卫星高度以下大气柱的电子含量)及峰值电子密度,因此非常有必要开展相关的气辉发光模型及反演研究.在介绍氧原子135.6 nm波段夜气辉激发机制基础上,考虑辐射在传输过程中受到大气氧原子的散射及氧气分子的吸收,采用迭代法求解包含多次散射及大气吸收衰减的辐射传输方程,得到该波段的体发射率,最终通过考虑包含辐射传输的路径积分计算得到135.6 nm气辉辐射强度值.对结果的分析表明:该气辉模型能较好地描述体发射率随高度的分布特征,计算得到的135.6 nm夜气辉辐射强度在不同时空及太阳活动的分布与相应条件下峰值电子密度(NmF2)及电子总含量(TEC)的分布基本一致.相同的时空及太阳活动输入条件下,模式计算的135.6 nm夜气辉辐射强度与国外同类模式结果的值平均偏差约为3%.文中最后介绍了通过135.6 nm夜气辉的辐射强度探测来反演电离层峰值电子密度NmF2及电子总含量TEC的反演方法. 相似文献
8.
本文首先对Envisat/ASAR数据进行干涉处理, 获取2011年日本东北MW9.0地震的地表InSAR同震形变场; 然后通过对InSAR同震形变数据重采样方法的深入分析, 选择条纹率法结合干涉图的空间相干性对InSAR同震形变数据进行重采样; 最后基于弹性半空间位错模型, 联合InSAR与GPS形变数据, 采用最小二乘法反演发震断层的滑动分布. 研究结果表明: 考虑相干性的条纹率重采样方法, 更适用于形变场中存在除断层外的有限边界、 且形变场范围较大的InSAR数据重采样处理; 断层滑动主要发生在地表以下50 km范围内, 最大滑动量为49.9 m, 矩张量为4.89×1022 N·m, 所对应的矩震级为MW9.1, 与地震学反演的结果比较吻合. 相似文献
9.
利用合成孔径雷达获取高空间分辨率的海面风场,对于研究沿岸海域大气海洋过程具有重要意义.应用CMOD地球物理模型直接反演风速受先验风向误差影响较大,30°的风向误差可导致高达40％的风速误差.变分方法考虑了雷达观测值及背景风场的不确定性,能够较好地降低先验风向对反演风速的影响.但不同的观测误差或地球物理模型选择会形成不同的变分方案,使得反演风场存在差异.本文基于Sentinel-1合成孔径雷达数据及NDBC浮标数据,对不同变分方案进行了系统评估.试验结果表明,当观测误差选取常值0.1 dB、地球物理模型选取CMOD7时,反演风速均方根误差为1.11 m·s-1,总体最小;但在特定风速区间内,其他变分方案能获得相对更好的反演精度;各变分方案反演风速精度均显著高于背景风速及CMOD直接反演风速精度,但反演风向相对背景风向没有明显改善.试验结果可为变分方法在不同应用需求下的选择提供参考依据. 相似文献
10.
为了提高欧拉反褶积(Euler法)的反演精度,提出基于DCT的Euler法确定断层断点位置的反演方法,从理论上给出了基于DCT的Euler齐次方程,指出异常导数的计算精度是影响Euler法反演精度的核心问题.台阶模型实验证实:用DCT法计算的重力异常垂向一阶导数的最大误差为0.460×10-9/s2,均方差为0.189×10-9/s2,水平导数最大误差为0.182×10-9/s2,均方差为0.028×10-9/s2,与DFT法相比,其计算的异常导数具有很高的精度.通过对正演模型的计算,确定了基于DCT的Euler法模型反演的位置为台阶断面的中心点位,与理论点位相对应;在反演模型实验中,证实了DCT法具有较高的反演精度,同时在实际应用中,进一步验证了该法的可行性、实用性和准确性. 相似文献
11.
HouMao Wang Chong Wang YongMei Wang XiaoXin Zhang Cong Huang ShaoLin Liang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,60(9):1732-1738
Fabry-Perot Interferometer(FPI) has been used widely for wind measurements of the middle and upper atmosphere.To date, most of FPIs have been based on full-closed circular fringe, which needs 15–25 min to obtain a group of wind velocity(zonal and meridional). However, it is hard to improve the temporal resolution because full-closed circular fringe in several directions cannot be easily imaged onto the same Charge-Coupled Device(CCD) with enough airglow intensity. In this paper, a data processing method is proposed for non-full circular fringe of FPI, which can support CCD with enough area of observations in several directions simultaneously. The method is focused on the center determination of non-full fringe. It includes radial cross-section, peak coordinate determination, and center calculation. Based on the calculated center, the fringe is annular summed. Then its radius is determined subsequently using Gaussian fitting. Finally, the wind is retrieved from the fringe radius. For validation, fringes from two ground-based FPIs were used, which are deployed in Kelan(38.71°N, 111.58°E) and Xinglong(40.40°N, 117.59°E) in China. The results retrieved from non-full fringes of FPIs were compared with that from full-closed circular fringe. The averaged wind deviation between them demonstrates reasonable difference with 5.38 ms~-(1) for 892.0 nm airglow emission, 5.81 ms~-(1) for 630.0 nm emission, and 3.03 ms~-(1) for 557.7 nm emission. Besides, wind results of Xinglong FPI are compared roughly with measurements of meteor radar which is deployed in Ming Tombs of Beijing(40.3°N,116.2°E). Good agreement demonstrates that this method is robust enough for FPI wind retrieval of mesosphere and thermosphere. 相似文献
12.
热层大气风场、温度场对热层-电离层耦合研究、热层环流特性研究以及太阳活动和地磁活动研究等有着重要意义,同时其也是航天器飞行环境预报的重要物理基础.目前,由于热层所处位置较高,大气非常稀薄,风场探测难度较大,因此针对热层大气风场的探测手段非常少.Fabry-Perot（FP）光学干涉仪可通过观测气辉来进行风场探测,其对成像系统像质要求不高,在设计中无需过分追求像质,已经成为热层风场测量的重要工具.由于风场观测气辉的辐射强度非常微弱,因此必须进行FP干涉仪测量系统优化,获得相对较强的辐射强度,以提高风场测量精度.但目前,对FP干涉仪系统优化方面的研究较少,且在测风误差评价方面的工作也不充实.本文通过热层测风用固定间距标准具地基FP干涉仪数值模型的建立,解决FP干涉仪设计过程中各参量的优化问题,并提出一种新的测风误差估算方法.数值模型结果分析表明,在目前探测器观测技术水平下,采用全部干涉环参与计算并结合像元合并技术进行风速反演可最大限度地提高测量精度.此外,由于气辉辐射强度是影响热层大气风场测量精度的重要因素,因此在仪器测风精度性能评价时需确定观测对象强度,即气辉的辐射强度. 相似文献
13.
S. Oyama S. Nozawa S. C. Buchert M. Ishii S. Watari E. Sagawa W. Kofman J. Lilensten R. Fujii 《Annales Geophysicae》2000,18(9):1154-1163
The field-aligned neutral oscillations in the F-region (altitudes between 165 and 275 km) were compared using data obtained simultaneously with two independent instruments: the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) UHF radar and a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI). During the night of February 8, 1997, simultaneous observations with these instruments were conducted at Tromsø, Norway. Theoretically, the field-aligned neutral wind velocity can be obtained from the field-aligned ion velocity and by diffusion and ambipolar diffusion velocities. We thus derived field-aligned neutral wind velocities from the plasma velocities in EISCAT radar data. They were compared with those observed with the FPI (=630.0 nm), which are assumed to be weighted height averages of the actual neutral wind. The weighting function is the normalized height dependent emission rate. We used two model weighting functions to derive the neutral wind from EISCAT data. One was that the neutral wind velocity observed with the FPI is velocity integrated over the entire emission layer and multiplied by the theoretical normalized emission rate. The other was that the neutral wind velocity observed with the FPI corresponds to the velocity only around an altitude where the emission rate has a peak. Differences between the two methods were identified, but not completely clarified. However, the neutral wind velocities from both instruments had peak-to-peak correspondences at oscillation periods of about 10–40 min, shorter than that for the momentum transfer from ions to neutrals, but longer than from neutrals to ions. The synchronizing motions in the neutral wind velocities suggest that the momentum transfer from neutrals to ions was thought to be dominant for the observed field-aligned oscillations rather than the transfer from ions to neutrals. It is concluded that during the observation, the plasma oscillations observed with the EISCAT radar at different altitudes in the F-region are thought to be due to the motion of neutrals. 相似文献
14.
由于测量与计算的难度,对热层垂直中性风的观测还很不够,这影响了人们对热层及热层-电离层耦合的认识.本文基于全天空法布里-珀罗干涉仪(FPI)对热层风场的观测,提出了一种反演垂直中性风的方法.利用该方法,对北极黄河站全天空FPI观测数据进行了垂直中性风的反演计算,结果表明,高热层与低热层的垂直风平均幅值分别在40 m·s-1和15 m·s-1,且垂直风日变化表现出明显的时间演变特性,且与地磁ap指数的变化有一定的相关性,在地磁活动强烈时,低热层垂直风会出现高达100 m·s-1的扰动,高热层甚至会达到300 m·s-1的扰动,这些特征与其他学者的观测结果相一致.本文方法不需要假设垂直风均值为零,也不用限制FPI的观测方位,可用于垂直风的反演. 相似文献
15.
MERINO是沿120°E/60°W子午圈的全球联网观测项目,热层中性风是其中一个十分重要的观测参数.本文介绍了武汉大学扫描式F-P干涉仪(SFPI)及其在MERINO第一轮观测中的结果,并与同站点的流星雷达在98 km高度上的测风数据进行了验证,分析表明两台设备的吻合性很好,SFPI风速测量的误差分别为8 m·s-1(557.7 nm)和7.8 m·s-1 (630.0 nm).本文对地基扫描式FPI的误差做了详细分析,结果表明在FPI仪器设计之初,就需要考虑标准具通光孔径D和成像物镜焦距f的合理组合,在目前CCD和标准具规格的限制下,增加f会提高测风精度,但会牺牲通光量,可通过设置CCD为Binning读出模式来提高灵敏度.在FPI进行风场观测时,要对设备工作的环境温度进行控制,特别是控制标准具的温度漂移.FPI的测风精度可以理论推导,但实际测风误差还与反演算法、元器件的加工和安装精度有关,国际通用的误差评价方法是用统计偏差来表示. 相似文献
16.
In this short paper the exclusion circles and vertical phase locities for gravity waves launched from the ground into a time-varying wind are studied using a ray-tracing technique. It is shown that waves with initial observed phase speeds that should place them within the local temporally varying exclusion circle, are often Doppler shifted outside of the circle. This, and the finite lifetime of some critical levels, allow waves to survive the critical layer and reach higher altitudes. Also, for slower phase-speed waves, the temporally varying wind can shift the observed frequency to negative values, so that the observed phase motions will be opposite (i.e. horizontally reversed and vertically upward), even though the energy still propagates upward. This effect can also cause the phase velocity to move inside the local exclusion circle. Due to the directional filtering of wave sources by the stratospheric wind, the percentage of such reverse-propagating waves will change systematically with local time and height in our simplified but realistic model. These results are related to ground-based systems, optical and radar, which sample the wind field and gravity waves in the middle atmosphere. 相似文献
17.
18.
Quantitative models of the fallout and dispersal of tephra from volcanic eruption columns 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
A theoretical model of clast fallout from convective eruption columns has been developed which quantifies how the maximum clast size dispersal is determined by column height and wind strength. An eruption column consists of a buoyant convecting region which rises to a heightH
B
where the column density equals that of the atmosphere. AboveH
B
the column rises further to a heightH
T
due to excess momentum. BetweenH
T
andH
B
the column is forced laterally into the atmosphere to form an upper umbrella region. Within the eruption column, the vertical and horizontal velocity fields can be calculated from exprimental and theoretical studies and consideration of mass continuity. The centreline vertical velocity falls as a nearly linear function over most of the column's height and the velocity decreases as a gaussian function radially away from the centreline. Both column height and vertical velocity are strong functions of magma discharge rate. From calculations of the velocity field and the terminal fall velocity of clasts, a series of particle support envelopes has been constructed which represents positions where the column vertical velocity and terminal velocity are equal for a clast of specific size and density. The maximum range of a clast is determined in the absence of wind by the maximum width of the clast support envelope.The trajectories of clasts leaving their relevant support envelope at its maximum width have been modelled in columns from 6 to 43 km high with no wind and in a wind field. From these calculations the shapes and areas of maximum grain size contours of the air-fall deposit have been predicted. For the no wind case the theoretical isopleths show good agreement with the Fogo A plinian deposit in the Azores. A diagram has been constructed which plots, for a particular clast size, the maximum range normal to the dispersal axis against the downward range. From the diagram the column height (and hence magma discharge rate) and wind velocity can be determined. Historic plinian eruptions of Santa Maria (1902) and Mount St. Helens (1980) give maximum heights of 34 and 19 km respectively and maximum wind speeds at the tropopause of m/s and 30 m/s respectively. Both estimates are in good agreement with observations. The model has been applied to a number of other plinian deposits, including the ultraplinian phase of theA.D. 180 Taupo eruption in New Zealand which had an estimated column height of 51 km and wind velocity of 27 m/s. 相似文献
19.
定常情况下,本文利用球坐标系（λ,φ,r）的动力、热力学方程导出三维速度场（vλ,vφ,vr）的动力系统.这种包括摩擦力和热传导的不可压缩大气运动的动力系统,无论从定性上还是从定量上都能描述由赤道和极地间的加热不均匀造成的三圈环流.定性上表明,在北半球经向速度vφ和纬向速度vλ同符号,地表刮北风（vφ<0）和刮东风（vλ<0）相对应,刮南风（vφ>0）和刮西风（vλ>0）相对应.在南半球,经向速度vφ和纬向速度vλ符号相反,刮北风（vφ<0）和刮西风（vλ>0）相对应,刮南风（vφ>0）和刮东风（vλ<0）相对应.定量分析表明球面上的压力场p可以用球调和函数plm（sinφ）cosmλ来表达.当取l=6,m=0时即可导出三圈环流.在经圈剖面（φ,r）上,地表的φ1=±56°和φ2=±28°左右,以及赤道是速度场的奇点,它们都是鞍点,说明在副热带是下沉运动,在中纬度是上升运动,这正是三圈环流中的Ferrel环流的特征.这样经向速度vφ和纬向速度vλ相联系,经向速度vφ又和垂直速度相联系,那么三圈环流的三维速度场就构成了一个整体. 相似文献
20.
Steven L. Morey Mark A. Bourassa Dmitry S. Dukhovskoy James J. O’Brien 《Ocean Dynamics》2006,56(5-6):594-606
A coupled ocean and boundary layer flux numerical modeling system is used to study the upper ocean response to surface heat
and momentum fluxes associated with a major hurricane, namely, Hurricane Dennis (July 2005) in the Gulf of Mexico. A suite
of experiments is run using this modeling system, constructed by coupling a Navy Coastal Ocean Model simulation of the Gulf
of Mexico to an atmospheric flux model. The modeling system is forced by wind fields produced from satellite scatterometer
and atmospheric model wind data, and by numerical weather prediction air temperature data. The experiments are initialized
from a data assimilative hindcast model run and then forced by surface fluxes with no assimilation for the time during which
Hurricane Dennis impacted the region. Four experiments are run to aid in the analysis: one is forced by heat and momentum
fluxes, one by only momentum fluxes, one by only heat fluxes, and one with no surface forcing. An equation describing the
change in the upper ocean hurricane heat potential due to the storm is developed. Analysis of the model results show that
surface heat fluxes are primarily responsible for widespread reduction (0.5°–1.5°C) of sea surface temperature over the inner
West Florida Shelf 100–300 km away from the storm center. Momentum fluxes are responsible for stronger surface cooling (2°C)
near the center of the storm. The upper ocean heat loss near the storm center of more than 200 MJ/m2 is primarily due to the vertical flux of thermal energy between the surface layer and deep ocean. Heat loss to the atmosphere
during the storm’s passage is approximately 100–150 MJ/m2. The upper ocean cooling is enhanced where the preexisting mixed layer is shallow, e.g., within a cyclonic circulation feature,
although the heat flux to the atmosphere in these locations is markedly reduced. 相似文献