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1.
Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) observations of crustal magnetic fields over Tharsis provide new constraints on models for the thermal and magmatic evolution of this region. We analyze the distribution of magnetic field anomalies over Tharsis surface units of Noachian, Hesperian and Amazonian age. These data suggest that early Noachian crust underlies the Tharsis province, and formed contemporaneously with the existence of a martian dynamo. This crust either pre-dates the formation of Tharsis, or formed during the earlier phases of Tharsis volcanism. The preservation of strong magnetic field anomalies over some of the earliest Noachian and topographically high units, together with the observation of magnetic field anomalies over Hesperian- and Amazonian-age surface units, indicate that a large fraction of the magnetized crust has remained cool (below the blocking temperature of the magnetic carrier) throughout the construction of Tharsis. Moreover, the distributions of magnetic anomaly amplitudes over Noachian, Hesperian, and Amazonian surface units suggest that the youngest units overlie sites of prolonged intrusion and have undergone a greater extent of thermal demagnetization. The absence of magnetic anomalies around the Tharsis Montes and Olympus Mons argues for strong, localized heating, as would be expected at volcanic centers. We show that end-member models for progressive thermal demagnetization of a Noachian magnetized crustal layer are consistent with the anomaly amplitude distributions. We integrate the magnetic field observations with constraints from tectonics, gravity, and topography, and present a revised scenario for the evolution of the Tharsis region. 相似文献
2.
An integrated geodynamic model of the Nankai subduction zone and neighboring regions from geophysical inversion and modeling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
I investigate large-scale deep crustal structures of the Nankai subduction zone and neighboring region using regional magnetic and gravity anomalies, heat flow measurements, and earthquake hypocenters. It is found that ages, dip angles, and geothermal states of the subducting slab have direct influences on mantle wedge serpentinization. The weakest serpentinization observed in the Nankai forearc region is associated with the youngest downgoing plate of the Shikoku Basin. Conspicuous gravity anomalies identified in the forearc region are coincidental spatially with magnetic anomalies after the reduction to the pole, a mathematical procedure that helps relocate magnetic sources and boundaries, and allows us to more easily interpret magnetic data. It is argued that these patches of magnetic and gravity anomalies are caused by the same sources of anomalous density and magnetization, and are linked directly to preexisting structures such as magnetic anomalies and their boundaries in the subducting oceanic crust. Since the gravity and magnetic anomaly patches are found to be closely related to interplate seismogenic behaviors in the Nankai subduction zone, I suggest that major magnetic boundaries in the Shikoku Basin are likely weak places for slab tears that trigger seismic segmentations along the subduction zone. 相似文献
3.
Serpentinites have great implications for the oceanic crust, subduction zones, island arc magmatism activity, and the formation of nickel ore deposits. To further determine the mechanism of magnetic property changes of serpentinites, samples from ODP Holes 897 D and 1070 A were investigated by integrating both magnetic and non-magnetic methods. Detailed rock magnetic results demonstrate that magnetite prevails in the entire serpentinite section, while maghemite is present in the upper and altered parts. The concentration of Fe in the fresh peridotite is inhomogeneous; nonetheless, the magnetic properties are generally determined by the serpentinization process. The formation and state of the magnetite depend on the fracture conditioning and fluid activities which are controlled by the serpentinization process. By comparing these two holes, we found that the production of magnetite is consistent with the serpentinization process; serpentinization is a multi-stage process which involves early high-temperature serpentinization and later low-temperature oxidation. As the serpentinization continues, the fine magnetic particles become coarser, combined with the formation of new SP particles, and the later low-temperature oxidation leads to the maghemitization of the magnetites. The duration of oxidation also contributes to the differences of remanent magnetization between these two holes. These results greatly improve our understanding of the magnetic enhancement during the serpentinization process, and provide constraints on the interpretation of the paleomagnetic and aeromagnetic anomalies in this area. 相似文献
4.
长期以来,对内蒙古贺根山缝合带中的镁铁-超镁铁岩,有着"蛇绿岩"、"岩浆岩"、"幔源熔-流体"等不同认识.近年来在铬铁矿中发现了金刚石等深部地幔矿物,如何认识携带这些物质的幔源熔-流体的上涌?缝合带在镁铁-超镁铁岩的形成过程中起到什么作用?解决问题的关键之一是弄清镁铁-超镁铁岩的深部产状,这需要来自地球物理观测数据的依据.本文基于航磁和重力数据的研究表明,贺根山地区的蛇绿岩块均呈现高磁异常特征,其中贺根山岩块埋深明显大于其他岩块,表现为高磁异常与低重力异常,与地表出露的蛇纹石化的镁铁-超镁铁岩带对应.对航磁化极异常与布格重力异常数据做了向上延拓处理,进行了磁源形态及底界深度的估算,并利用基于相异度算子的边缘增强方法辅助识别断裂.结果表明,贺根山岩块贯穿地壳,且附近存在超壳断裂.地表至中地壳主要由蛇纹石化的镁铁-超镁铁岩组成,下地壳主要为超镁铁质岩组成,它们充填在一组宽约30km的NEE向断裂带中,大地电磁测深剖面揭示的壳-幔电性结构进一步证实控制缝合带的是岩石圈断裂,贺根山缝合带具有明显的根部.由此推测,在地幔底辟上涌的背景下,幔源熔-流体沿着岩石圈断裂持续上升到达浅表,暗示该区板块的拼合可能是通过深部幔源物质的侵入而成的. 相似文献
5.
The Southern Granulite Terrain of India, formed through an ancient continental collision and uplift of the earth’s surface,
was accompanied by thickening of the crust. Once the active tectonism ceased, the buoyancy of these deep crustal roots must
have supported the Nilgiri and Palani-Cardamom hills. Here, the gravity field has been utilized to provide new constraints
on how the force of buoyancy maintains the state of isostasy in the Southern Granulite Terrain. Isostatic calculations show
that the seismically derived crustal thickness of 43–44 km in the Southern Granulite Terrain is on average 7–8 km more than
that required to isostatically balance the present-day topography. This difference cannot be solely explained applying a constant
shift in the mean sea level crustal thickness of 32 km. The isostatic analysis thus indicates that the current topography
of the Southern Granulite Terrain is overcompensated, and about 1.0 km of the topographic load must have been eroded from
this region without any isostatic readjustment. The observed gravity anomaly, an order of magnitude lower than that expected
(−125 mGal), however, shows that there is no such overcompensation. Thermal perturbations up to Pan-African, present-day high
mantle heat flow and low Te together negate the possible resistance of the lithosphere to rebound in response to erosional
unloading. To isostatically compensate the crustal root, compatible to seismic Moho, a band of high density (2,930 kg m−3) in the lower crust and low density (3,210 kg m−3) in the lithospheric mantle below the Southern Granulite Terrain is needed. A relatively denser crust due to two distinct
episodes of metamorphic phase transitions at 2.5 Ga and 550 Ma and highly mobilized upper mantle during Pan-African thermal
perturbation reduced significantly the root buoyancy that kept the crust pulled downward in response to the eroded topography. 相似文献
6.
Abstract Several linear magnetic anomalies over continental crust have been identified in and around the Japanese Islands. The anomalies are probably related to island arc tectonic structures, but identifying specific sources has been difficult. Several deep holes were drilled in and around Aso caldera, where a linear anomaly occurs along an active fault. One drillhole located on the linear anomaly encountered a zone of highly magnetized and altered basement rocks at least 100 m thick at a depth of ∼1000 m. The other hole was located away from the anomaly and did not encounter any high-magnetic zones. Rocks from the zone have exceptionally strong remanent magnetization (several tens of A/m) sub-parallel to the present field. AF demagnetization experiments indicated that the magnetization is hard and stable. Magnetic modeling indicates that the linear anomaly is caused mainly by this layer. Microscopic examination of core samples shows that the highly magnetized zone includes secondary magnetic minerals and abundant hydrothermal alterations. Temperatures determined by fluid inclusions and down-hole temperatures show that the temperature of the highly magnetized zone was elevated in the past relative to surrounding rocks. The high temperature could destroy primary magnetic minerals and replace them with secondary magnetic minerals. Thus, the past hydrothermal system may have enhanced thermo-chemical remanent magnetization. The results can produce a model indicating that there was a past hydrothermal system related to the tectonic structure. 相似文献
7.
Oya Ankaya Pamukçu Zafer Akçığ Şevket Demirbaş Ekrem Zor 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(11):2345-2358
The tectonic regime of Eastern Anatolia is determined by the Arabia-Eurasia continent-continent collision. Several dynamic
models have been proposed to characterize the collision zone and its geodynamic structure. In this study, change in crustal
thickness has been investigated using gravity, magnetic and topographic data of the region. In the first stage, two-dimensional
low-pass filter and upward analytical continuation techniques were applied to the Bouguer gravity data of the region to investigate
the behavior of the regional gravity anomalies. Next the moving window power spectrum method was used, and changes in the
probable structural depths from 38 to 52 km were determined. The changes in crustal thickness where free air gravity and magnetic
data have inversely correlated and the type of the anomaly resources were investigated applying the Euler deconvolution method
to Bouguer gravity data. The obtained depth values are consistent with the results obtained using the power spectrum method.
It was determined that the types of anomaly resources are different in the west and east of the 40° E longitude. Finally,
using the obtained findings from this study and seismic velocity models proposed for this region by previous studies, a probable
two-dimensional crust model was constituted. 相似文献
8.
化向地磁极(化极)是最基本的磁测资料处理方法之一,化极能消除或减少斜磁化影响,提高对磁测资料的认识程度和解释水平,对研究地壳产生的磁异常具有重要意义.但低纬度地区特别是磁赤道处,化极处理很不稳定甚至奇异,一直是位场研究的难点.针对地磁纬度较低特别是磁赤道地区磁异常化极的困难,利用从磁北极处垂直磁化向低纬度地区水平磁化方向转换稳定的特点,提出"狭义化赤"概念,并将其与低纬度磁异常"倒相"解释方法结合,提出专门用于磁赤道处化极的方法.该方法扩展了现有的化极理论,实现了磁赤道处的稳定化极.区别于目前任何方法,专门用于(近)水平磁化条件下的化极计算,具有原理简单,实现方便,收敛速度快等特点.对理论模型和实际资料计算表明这种针对磁赤道地区磁异常的化极处理方法是稳定、可靠的. 相似文献
9.
地球非偶极磁场在主磁场结构及其长期变化中起着重要作用.非偶极磁场主要表现为行星尺度磁异常,它们是南大西洋磁异常、非洲磁异常、欧亚大陆磁异常、澳洲磁异常和北美磁异常.在这5块磁异常中,非洲磁异常对磁赤道的形状和位置以及全球长期变化特征有极大的影响.非洲磁异常的重要性主要表现在3方面：第一,由于异常区位于赤道这一特殊的地理位置,所以它极大地影响磁赤道的形状和位置.相对于偶极场的地磁赤道而言,异常区所在的中北非洲和中大西洋地区的磁赤道向北移动,最大移动量可达约15°.第二,非洲磁异常的快速西漂对全球长期变化的分布起着决定性作用,它在该异常区西边的中美洲形成了全球最主要的长期变化区,在1900~2005年期间,最大年变率Zmax超过200 nT/a.第三,非洲负磁异常区与其南面的南大西洋正磁异常区相结合,〖HJ〗它们的变化使西半球地磁场强度大大减弱,也使全球磁场发生显著畸变.这两块磁异常与深部的反极性斑区有着成因联系. 相似文献
10.
本文利用CHAMP卫星磁测资料建立的新一代高阶地磁场模型POMME-4.2S,计算中国及邻区400 km高度的卫星磁异常及其垂直梯度,给出7个磁场分量的分布图,比较了截断水平对磁异常分布的影响,初步分析了磁异常与岩石圈构造的关系.主要结果表明,在四川盆地、塔里木盆地和松辽盆地等主要磁异常区,ΔZ异常中心的南北两边出现ΔX的异常中心,东西两边出现ΔY的异常中心.在球谐模型为90阶时,磁异常分布的基本形态已经确定,更高的模型阶数对磁异常只有微小调整.在磁异常较强的地区,磁异常及其垂直梯度同步变化.卫星磁异常与地形变化、断裂带分布、莫霍面深度和岩石圈厚度没有直接的对应关系,而与居里等温面深度、磁性层厚度有明显的相关性.居里等温面深、磁性层较厚的地区显示正磁异常,居里等温面浅、磁性层较薄的地区显示负磁异常. 相似文献
11.
L.J. Srnka J.L. Hoyt J.V.S. Harvey J.E. McCoy 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1979,20(2-4):281-290
The source of the lunar magnetic anomaly associated with the Rima Sirsalis linear rille has been modelled using the vector field intensities due to arbitrary uniform magnetization in a rectangular prism. It is shown that in order to match the Apollo 16 subsatellite data, the lunar surface near the rille must have a vertical magnetization of 6–9 × 10−3 G if the anomaly is due to flux leakage from a gap in the crust with the dimensions of the rille. This is more than one order of magnitude larger than the magnetization of any lunar sample, but is comparable with the high magnetization recently deduced for the Reiner γ formation in Oceanus Procellarum. An alternative explanation is that Rima Sirsalis and its surroundings are the site of a vertical magnetization contrast of 10−5 – 10−4 G which is at least as wide as the rille and extends to a depth of tens of kilometers in the crust. A wider magnetic source reduces the required magnetization (or depth) proportionately, since to first order the field at high altitude is proportional to the magnetic dipole moment per unit length. 相似文献
12.
We present the results of a long-period electromagnetic investigation of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Rhenish Shield in Western Germany. The magnetotelluric phase data reveal a frequency-dependent regional strike that varies only smoothly across the array. At short periods (t<100 s) the striking of the maximum phase splitting is N45°E, which can be explained with an electrical anisotropic lower crust. At long periods (t>1000 s) there is a consistent striking in WE direction, which provides strong evidence of an anisotropic structure in the upper mantle, too. Geomagnetic data were also used, whereas we reference the magnetic field components of all sites to an arbitrarily chosen field site. That provides a direct view of the anomalous current flow. We show that in case of a non-one-dimensional electrical substructure of the reference site all magnetic transfer functions of the other sites can be affected by lateral conductivity contrasts beneath the reference site. A simple method to remove such effects is introduced. Applying this method the magnetic data show a distinct anomaly in the northwestern part of the area. Finally, we present a 3D model of the conductivity structure beneath the Rhenish Shield which contains a superposition of two anisotropic structures in the lower crust (2000 S) and the upper mantle (20?000 S), respectively, and a local anomaly in the upper crust (4000 S). 相似文献
13.
A study of the available gravity, magnetic and geoelectrical data for the Proterozoic Namaqua-Natal Belt of South Africa shows that the boundaries of this tectonic province have distinct geophysical signatures. The southern boundary is marked by a large static field magnetic anomaly and a transition from electrically resistive to conductive crust. The northern margin of the belt is associated with a distinctive gravity signature. These geophysical signatures proved ideal to extrapolate and interpolate the boundaries of the Namaqua-Natal Belt, especially through areas where the transition is covered by Phanerozoic sediments. Numeraial modelling of the gravity data shows that a simple model of uplift in the Namaqua-Natal Belt associated with differential movement along a faulted transition to the older provinces can explain the gravity signature. This model is consistent with the development of the Namaqua-Natal Belt in its final stages as part of an Andean mountain belt with northward subduction and the associated trench south of the southern boundary of the belt. The Andean model of crustal development for this Proterozoic province is consistent with features such as the large quantity of calcalkaline magmatism, the low-pressure, high-temperature metamorphism, the metamorphic zonation and differential uplift along the northern margin, the major mantle derived contribution to the crust between 1300 and 1200 Ma ago and the deformational history. 相似文献
14.
根据第７代ＩＧＲＦ模型,计算并绘制了１９００-２０００年（时间间隔为５ａ）非偶极子磁场的全球分布,计算和分析了各个磁异常中心位置和强度的变化,东亚正磁异常、大洋洲负磁异常、南大西洋正磁异常、非洲负磁异常和北美洲正磁异常是分布范围广、异常强度大的５个磁异常。南大西洋正磁异常是强度最大的磁异常。在２０世纪９０年代以前,东亚正磁异常的强度位居第２位,９０年代以后,非洲负磁异常的强度（绝对值）超过东亚正磁异常,成为第２大磁异常。磁异常强度增长最快的是非洲负磁异常、南大西洋正磁异常和大洋洲负磁异常。南大西洋正磁异常和非洲负磁异常是磁异常中心位置变化最快的两个磁异常。 相似文献
15.
普里兹湾位于南极洲东部大陆边缘,其深部地壳结构特征对认识白垩纪冈瓦纳古陆裂解和新生代大陆边缘形成具有重要意义.本文利用重磁、多道反射地震、声纳浮标折射地震和ODP钻井数据对普里兹湾海域的深部地壳结构进行了研究.研究结果显示,普里兹凹陷表现为典型的盆地负重力异常特征,其沉积基底较深,而在四夫人浅滩为高幅重力正异常,其沉积基底普遍抬升.在大陆架中部存在SW-NE向条带状基底的抬升,且呈朝NE向逐渐变深的趋势.在中大陆架外侧,均衡残余重力异常呈V字形负异常条带状分布,其两翼分别与四夫人浅滩和弗拉姆浅滩外的大陆坡相连.该异常带在大陆架中部向陆的偏移可能是由于古大陆架边缘的地形影响,推测其与普里兹冲积扇同属于洋陆过渡带向陆的部分,在重力模拟剖面表现为地壳向海逐渐减薄.普里兹冲积扇的地壳厚度较薄,平均为6 km,最薄处可达4.6 km,并且根据洋陆过渡带向海端的位置,推测可能属于接近洋壳厚度的过渡壳.重力异常分区的走向与兰伯特地堑在普里兹湾的构造走向基本一致,可能主要反映了二叠纪-三叠纪超级地幔柱对普里兹湾的裂谷作用的影响.该区域的自由空间重力异常和均衡残余异常均表现为超过100×10-5m/s2的高幅正异常特征,可能由位于大陆架边缘的巨厚沉积体负载在高强度岩石圈之上的区域挠曲均衡作用所导致,可能与该区域第二期裂谷期之后的沉积间断以及快速进积加厚的演化过程有关.普里兹湾磁力异常的走向与重力异常明显不同,大致可分为东北高幅正异常区和西南低幅异常区.重磁异常在走向上的差异反映高磁异常主要来源于岩浆作用形成的铁镁质火成岩的影响,并且岩浆作用的时代不同于基底隆升的时代,而可能形成于前寒武纪或者南极洲和印度板块裂谷期间(白垩纪). 相似文献
16.
If convection in the Earth's liquid outer core is disrupted, degrades to turbulence and begins to behave in a chaotic manner, it will destabilize the Earth's magnetic field and provide the seeds for kimberlite melts via turbulent jets of silicate rich core material which invade the lower mantle. These (proto-) melts may then be captured by extreme amplitude solitary nonlinear waves generated through interaction of the outer core surface with the base of the mantle. A pressure differential behind the wave front then provides a mechanism for the captured melt to ascend to the upper mantle and crust so quickly that emplacement may indirectly promote a type of impact fracture cone within the relatively brittle crust. These waves are very rare but of finite probability. The assumption of turbulence transmission between layers is justified using a simple three-layer liquid model. The core derived melts eventually become frozen in place as localised topographic highs in the Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho), or as deep rooted intrusive events. The intrusion's final composition is a function of melt contamination by two separate sources: the core contaminated mantle base and subducted Archean crust. The mega-wave hypothesis offers a plausible vehicle for early stage emplacement of kimberlite pipes and explains the age association of diamondiferous kimberlites with magnetic reversals and tectonic plate rearrangements. 相似文献
17.
We report the results of a joint analysis of aeromagnetic, topographic and tectonic data in central-eastern mainland Greece. The emphasis of the analysis is placed on the detection of coherent lineations (discontinuities), collocated and correlated with faulting structures detected by geological field observation. To this effect, edge detection and image enhancement were applied to digital aeromagnetic anomaly maps and digital elevation models, comprising bidirectional differentiation, wavelet transformation (imaging) and spatial decomposition/reconstruction in the wavenumber domain. The analysis facilitated the detection of significant topographic lineaments with NNE–SSW, ENE–WSW and ESE–WNW orientations. Respectively, the aeromagnetic data exhibit two families of significant NE–SW, and one family of ESE–WNW lineaments. The major aeromagnetic and topographic lineaments coincide and have comparable width scales of the order of 2–3 km, indicating that they are produced by significant discontinuities in the upper crust. The kinematics of the NE–SW faults varies between oblique-slip and strike-slip. These faults affect Neogene to Late Quaternary deposits and have been responsible for the formation of transverse depressions and horsts. This is also corroborated by focal plane solutions from small earthquakes recorded by local networks. The nature of these structures is not yet clear. However, they have been detected by diverse methodologies, they have considerable extent and are apparently active. These attributes suggest that they may possibly be related to the propagation and diffusion of the North Anatolian and North Aegean fault systems into the Greek mainland. 相似文献
18.
1.海底扩张和陆壳大洋化,均能形成洋壳。陆壳转化为过渡壳是大洋化的必经阶段。 2.航磁测区内的中央海盆,具有类似于大洋中海底扩张形成的对称磁异常条带。 3.在西沙北裂谷、莺歌海裂谷型拗陷,以及属于断陷盆地性质的珠一、珠二拗陷等地,有沿着断裂上升的类似于洋壳成分的地幔物质喷溢或在地壳上层侵位,那里的地壳都有不同程度的减薄,属于过渡型地壳。西沙北裂谷的“莫霍面”,比相邻的南北两侧高出约10公里。 4.在南海北部发生多中心微型扩张和大洋化。 相似文献
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本文根据最新的跨越南鄂尔多斯盆地-渭河盆地-秦岭-大巴造山带-四川盆地东北缘,即榆林-咸阳-万源-涪陵综合地球物理大剖面的高精度地磁观测数据和1：10万与1：20万航磁异常资料,经数据处理和反演分析了该研究区域内地磁异常场展布特征、构造分区及结晶基底起伏.通过对采集数据的反演与研究结果分析表明,不同构造单元之间地磁异常场和结晶基底起伏均存在明显差异和分区特征.南鄂尔多斯盆地磁异常较平稳,由于燕山运动导致盆地整体抬升,其后受到了不同程度的剥蚀作用,结晶基底埋藏较浅;渭河盆地与四川盆地东北部却长期接受沉积作用,结晶基底埋藏相对较深;而秦岭-大巴造山带磁异常变化剧烈,由于其经历了长期的碰撞、挤压和陆内造山作用,地层、岩性和构造分布极不均匀,且在深部存在物质与能量的交换和运移.这一研究结果为进一步深化认识研究区域内的上地壳属性、构造格局、深层运动学与动力学过程及深部潜在资源远景提供了重要依据. 相似文献