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The present paper mainly deals with the prediction of blast-induced ground vibration level in Bakhtiary formation at intake of waterway system in Gotvand dam, Iran. For this research the ground vibration components were recorded carefully by means of 3 sets of vibration monitors for 32 blast events during the bench blasting in front of tunnels. Then, the data pairs of scaled distance and particle velocity were analyzed by using the USBM equation. At the end of statistical evaluations, a relationship between peak particle velocity and scaled distance for this site was established with good correlation. Again, other data measurements during tunnel excavation near concrete structures were used to validate the predicted PPV and optimize the blasting patterns to omit the effects of resonance and vibration in USBM (RI-8507) standard. Based on the vibration tests done in Bakhtiary conglomerate, constant dynamic factors of the rock mass related to vibration velocity are 159.07 and 1.077. 相似文献
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爆破地震作用下桩-土-结构相互作用的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土-结构动力相互作用是地震工程和结构抗震的重要研究内容,但目前对爆破地震作用下土-结构动力相互作用的研究较少。运用大型有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,建立了桩-土-结构相互作用体系的三维有限元模型,由桩尖输入实测爆破地震波,取得了良好的计算效果。计算结果表明：考虑桩-土-结构相互作用后,群桩基础中每个桩的位移、加速度和剪应力幅值均呈桩顶大、桩尖小的倒三角分布,桩与承台的接合部比较容易受到损坏;桩-土-结构相互作用体系在爆破地震波冲击后,还会发生几次振动,但是这些振动产生的影响要小于爆破地震产生的影响,这与实测结果相符合;爆破地震波冲击下,群桩基础中,角桩顶部表面的桩土接触压力较大,但在爆破地震波冲击后,中心桩顶部表面的桩土接触压力较大,且具有一定的周期性,直至衰减为零。 相似文献
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为了评价4种等效线性场地响应软件的适用性,选取深厚场地作为研究对象,将基岩地震波作为地震输入,根据土层剪切波波速和容重确定初始剪切模量并设置对应的模量衰减和阻尼比曲线,分别用SHAKE 2000、 DEEPSOIL、EERA和Strata 4种等效线性场地响应程序计算得到地表的加速度时程及相应的加速度反应谱和傅里叶幅值谱\,场地的最大剪应变和峰值加速度随深度的变化曲线。计算结果表明,由4种场地响应软件得到的地表加速度时程对应的加速度反应谱和傅里叶幅值谱一致,由于土层划分方式不同,Strata软件得到的峰值加速度和最大剪应变深度曲线不同。总结4种软件的不同,DEEPSOIL可以较全面考虑土的动力特性,Strata提供随机振动理论进行场地响应分析并可以考虑土层参数的变异性。 相似文献
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Decoupled seismic analysis of an earth dam 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The seismic stability of an earth dam is evaluated via the decoupled displacement analysis using the accelerograms obtained by ground response analysis to compute the earthquake-induced displacements. The response analysis of the dam is carried out under both 1D and 2D conditions, incorporating the non-linear soil behaviour through the equivalent linear method. Ten artificial and five real accelerograms were used as input motions and four different depths were assumed for the bedrock.1D and 2D response analyses were in a fair agreement with the exception of the top third of the dam where only a 2D modelling of the problem could ensure that the acceleration field is properly described. The acceleration amplification ratio obtained in the 2D analyses was equal to about 2 in all the cases considered, consistently with data from real case histories.The maximum permanent displacements computed by the sliding block analysis were small, being less than 10% of the service freeboard; a satisfactory performance of the dam can then be envisaged for any of the seismic scenarios considered in the analyses. 相似文献
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汶川地震震损水库土坝动力反应与几何坝形的经验关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在5·12汶川地震后的四川省水库土坝震害调查成果的基础上,选取汶川地震中受损的有完整资料的96座水库土坝为研究对象,应用等效线性模型对土坝进行了二维动力反应分析。选择3条有代表性的汶川地震实测记录,以三水准峰值加速度输入,得到土坝的动力反应（放大系数、最大动剪应力）与土坝几何形状（宽高比、上游坡比、坝高）间的经验关系。结果表明,土坝放大系数和最大动剪应力随着宽高比和上游坡比的增大而减小,随着坝高的增大而增大;输入波的频谱和峰值强度均对土坝动力反应与其几何形状的经验关系有重要影响。 相似文献
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近年来土遗址受城市建设和交通施工损害的现象时有发生,对于这些人为因素对遗址的影响缺乏有效的检测与评估手段。本文基于G7高速公路的爆破振动观测,进行质点峰值加速度和峰值速度的衰减分析,开展爆破震动对附近明水军事要塞土遗址震动影响的研究。通过对竖向、水平向的振动加速度和速度的观测和数据分析,得出不同药量条件下,对应相同质点的震动峰值加速度衰减规律。提出了公路爆破附近土遗址震动控制范围和最大药量的施工建议,为爆破附近有土遗址的施工提供了数据支持,相应的结论和建议可以在同类土遗址保护中参考使用。 相似文献
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调查、搜集和研究了汶川地震中被评定为高危以上险情的147座小型水库土坝的地震破坏情况,给出了高危以上险情土坝的地震破坏程度划分为中等破坏、严重破坏和极严重破坏三个等级的原则和标准,以及土坝的地震破坏程度与地震烈度、土坝的宽高比、上游坡比、坝高的经验关系表,可发现:土坝的几何形状对其破坏程度起着重要的作用;对于6～8度地震烈度区,土坝的宽高比越小,或上游坡比越小,或坝体越高,则土坝的破坏程度越严重;对于9度以上地震烈度区,土坝通常发生极严重破坏。依据高危以上险情土坝的地震反应分析结果,给出了土坝地震破坏程度与土坝宽高比、坝高、土坝上游坡比及坝顶加速度放大系数、坝体最大动剪应力的经验关系曲线,发现在相同的地震烈度水平下,土坝的宽高比越小,或上游坡比越小,或坝高越大,且坝顶加速度放大系数越大或坝体最大动剪应力越大,则其地震破坏程度越严重;坝体最大动剪应力超过30kPa的土坝,通常发生严重或极严重破坏,坝体最大动剪应力大于100kPa的土坝,通常发生极严重破坏;土坝离发震断层越远,则其坝顶加速度放大系数越大。本文给出的高危以上险情土坝的地震破坏程度与坝体几何形状的经验关系,可为今后土坝抗震设计提供参考依据。 相似文献
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面板堆石坝的动力离心模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究面板堆石坝的地震响应规律,采用Parkfield波作为地震动输入,在清华大学50g-t土工离心机上进行了动力离心模型试验.试验在50倍重力加速度条件下采用电液伺服离心机振动台系统完成,采用加速度传感器测量了模型不同位置动力响应的加速度时程并且测量了面板的变形.结果表明,地震最大响应发生于坝顶,该处地震动放大系数接... 相似文献
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The results from an experimental blasting program that was performed at the special explosives training field of the General Directorate of Security in Ankara, where new residential blocks are planned to be constructed nearby, are presented. With the objective of estimating the blast-induced ground vibration effects on the proposed structures, various blasting parameters of nineteen surface and underground explosions were recorded in two directions at three measurement stations. Site-specific empirical relationships between peak particle velocity, the amount of explosive and the distance were developed. These relationships were used to construct a practical blasting chart, which gives the maximum amount of explosive to be used as a function of distance, for future underground and surface blasting operations in the training field. Since the use of peak particle velocity in the field of civil engineering has been limited so far, site-specific parameters were also estimated to predict the blast-induced horizontal peak ground acceleration. Then, an attempt was made to investigate the dynamic responses of four and six storey reinforced concrete structures that consist of frame and shear wall type structural systems under the measured accelerations using finite element analysis. The limitations of this approach were discussed within the context of damage estimation. 相似文献
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Jan Vilhelm Vladimír Rudajev Roman Živor Tomáš Lokajíček Zdeněk Pros 《Geophysical Prospecting》2010,58(6):1099-1110
The purpose of this paper is the comparison of P‐wave velocity and velocity anisotropy, measured at different scales under laboratory and field conditions. A shallow seismic refraction survey with shot/receiver spacing of up to 10 m was carried out on a flat outcrop of lhertzolite in the southern part of the Balmuccia massif. Oriented rock samples were also obtained from the locality. The particular advantage of the laboratory method used is the possibility of measuring velocity in any direction under controlled conditions. Laboratory tests were made on spherical peridotite samples, 50 mm in diameter, by ultrasonic velocity measurements in 132 directions (meridian and parallel networks) under confining stress ranging from atmospheric to 400 MPa. The mean P‐wave velocity of the field and laboratory data differed by between 20–30%. In addition, P‐wave velocity anisotropy of 25% was detected in the field data. Whereas the anisotropy in the laboratory samples in the same orientation as the field surveys was less than 2%. This observed scaling factor is related to the different sampling sizes and the difference in frequencies of applied elastic waves. With an ultrasonic wavelength of 10 mm, laboratory samples represent a continuum. The field velocities and velocity anisotropy reflect the presence of cracks, which the laboratory rock samples do not contain. Three sub‐vertical fracture sets with differing strikes were observed in the field outcrop. Estimates of fracture stiffness from the velocity anisotropy data are consistent with other published values. These results highlight the difficulty of using laboratory velocity estimates to interpret field data. 相似文献
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地铁隧道爆破施工时严重威胁邻近居民楼的结构安全,因此研究邻近居民楼爆破峰值振速是非常必要的。文章基于群孔荷载简化模型、柱面波理论及传统的应力波衰减理论,在考虑高程效应影响下推导质点峰值振速公式。依托乌鲁木齐地铁一号线工程,对一邻近六层居民楼的爆破施工响应进行监测,并将实测质点峰值振速、提出的修正公式预测振速和传统萨道夫公式预测的振速进行对比分析。研究结果表明:采用修正公式预测的质点峰值振速与现场实测值的分布规律一致,呈现出随着高程增大而逐渐增大的趋势;而且现场实测值与修正公式预测值相对误差较小,表明考虑高程因子的修正公式是可行的。 相似文献
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核电厂标准化设计方法是节省核电建设成本的重要手段,开展非岩基厂址地基标准化设计地基模型的研究对拓宽核电厂地基适用范围有重要意义。首先,基于国内外典型软质岩和硬土厂址动参数的调研数据进行数理统计分析,归纳动参数随深度的变化规律,并通过归一化分析得到地基剪切波速剖面特征曲线,从而确定初步的标准化地基模型;进而,基于SuperFLUSH/2D Ver6.0软件开展初步标准地基模型的地震反应分析,以最大加速度随深度变化与加速度反应谱为考量指标探究动参数变化对于地震反应的影响程度及规律;最后,依据初步地基模型的剪切波速剖面的相似性及包络性,定义软质岩和硬土厂址条件下的核电厂标准化地基模型,并给出相应的动参数合理取值。该模型及研究成果可为我国“核电走出去”战略中主力堆型的核电厂标准化设计提供重要的参考。 相似文献
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This study analyzes liquefaction in the Kumluca/Antalya residential area and surroundings, using seismic velocities of soil deposits and the predominant period of the earthquake wave. The liquefaction analysis calculates shear–stress ratio, shear–resistance ratio and safety factor. Shear wave velocity used in liquefaction analysis was determined through surface waves. Moreover, the dynamic parameters of the ground were calculated through seismic velocities. Distributions of groundwater, shear wave velocity, adjusted shear wave velocity, predominant period of vibration, soil amplification and ground acceleration of the research area were mapped. In addition, the liquefied and non-liquefied areas as a result of liquefaction analysis in Kumluca were determined and presented as maps. Examining these maps, among all these maps, the limits of the lagoon sandbar and the old lake area were determined using only the liquefaction map. 相似文献
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The model presented in the companion paper is validated in both the linear and nonlinear cases under steady-state single frequency harmonic and transient ground motions. The crest acceleration responses of the Santa Felicia earth dam subjected to the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and of the Long Valley earth dam subjected to the strongest of the 1980 Mammoth Lake earthquakes are computed and compared with the motions recorded at the site. Acceleration time histories for the solid and fluid phases in both horizontal and vertical directions, as well as stress-strain and pore water pressure-strain time histories for points along the height of the dam are presented. The ability of the model to simulate the occurrence of liquefaction in a dam is also demonstrated. 相似文献
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Many laminar shear boxes have recently been developed into sliding-frame containers that can reproduce 1D ground-response boundary conditions. The measured responses of such large specimens can be utilized to back-calculate soil properties. This study investigates how the boundary effect in large specimens affects the identified soil properties through shaking table tests on a soil-filled large laminar box conducted at the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in Taiwan. The tested soil-box system is unique because only 80% of the container is filled with soil. This system can be regarded as a two-layer system: an empty top and soil-filled bottom. The dynamic properties of this two-layer system are identified through various approaches, including theoretical solutions of wave propagation, free vibration, and nonparametric stress–strain analyzes. Therefore, the coupling effect of the box and soil can be evaluated. Results show that, compared with the two-layer system considering the influence of the box, the conventional approach with a single-layer system slightly underestimates shear wave velocity but obtains the same damping ratio of the soil layer. In addition, the identified modulus reduction and damping curves in the two-layer system are consistent with those obtained in a laboratory test on a small specimen. Furthermore, based on detailed acceleration measurements along different depths of soil, a piecewise profile of shear wave velocity is built. The identified shear wave velocity increases with depth, which is not uniform and differs from the constant velocity typically assumed for the specimen. 相似文献
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本文选取山东地区2个Ⅲ类场地的工程地质勘探及土层剪切波速等资料,将土层厚度按5个深度段,每个分段给出了4个土层剪切波速的改变量,通过改变不同深度段土层剪切波速,建立了19种土层地震反应分析模型,分析了不同深度段,不同概率水平下土层剪切波速的变化对场地地震动参数的影响。研究表明,不同深度段土层剪切波速的变化对场地地震动参数的影响有差异。具体表现为,土层剪切波速的改变在1—10m、11—40m和地震输入界面处三个深度段对地震动加速度峰值影响较大;其中,41—70m和71—100m两个深度段剪切波速的改变对地震动加速度峰值影响小;在土层深度1—10m时,剪切波速降低,峰值变大,剪切波速的改变与峰值的改变呈负相关;在其它深度段,剪切波速降低,峰值变小,剪切波速的改变与峰值的改变呈正相关。剪切波速的改变在1—10m和11—40m两个深度段对地震加速度反应谱影响较大;在41—70m、71—100m和地震输入界面三个深度段对地震加速度反应谱影响很小。 相似文献