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地球物理方法在金属矿深部找矿中的应用及展望 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
地球物理勘探方法对深部隐伏矿床找寻及预测具有很强的指导性,在近年来国内外找矿工作中(特别是隐伏矿的预测)取得了很好成效.本文着重论述了重、磁、电、震、测井等地球物理方法在金属矿深部找矿中的应用特点和成果.事实表明,不同物探方法在找矿过程中有不同的特点和适用条件,要根据具体找矿对象特征,综合运用这些方法,并结合地质与地球... 相似文献
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介绍了地幔电性结构、地幔温度、地幔含水量等参数对地球动力学和地幔动力学过程的重要科学意义,综述了近年来利用海底电缆在该领域的主要研究进展.本文首先介绍了日本利用海底电缆探测地幔深部结构的方法原理与发展历程,然后阐述了该方法的观测方式、观测系统与仪器,综述了国际上近年来利用海底电缆在环太平洋地区海底的观测资料进行地幔一维电导率结构、三维电导率分布的研究进展.基于海底电缆的观测数据进行反演的结果表明,太平洋海域地区地球深部存在410 km,660 km的电导率不连续面,此不连续面与地震资料的波速不连续面基本一致,为地幔不连续面提供了新的地球物理证据.在根据由海底电缆观测数据反演得到的太平洋地区地球内部电导率分布基础上,综述了综合深部地震波速、岩石高温高压实验等,将电导率的分布转换为地球内部的温度场分布、推导地幔过渡带水的浓度进而转换为地幔过渡带的含水百分比(含水量)的方法技术与研究进展.研究结果表明,夏威夷和北日本海地幔过渡带电导率异常主要受温度控制,菲律宾海域地幔过渡带的电导率异常除了和温度有关外,还受含水量影响,该处地幔过渡带的含水量大约在1％左右.这些研究表明,海底电缆探测方法,在地球深部探测尤其是地幔不连续面的探测、地幔温度场分布与特征、地幔含水量等方面有重要的作用.最后,展望了海底电缆探测方法的研究与发展,这些研究方法及成果对认识中国海域地球内部机构提供一定的参考. 相似文献
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青藏高原深部构造与动力学机制一直是深部地球物理与大陆动力学的重点研究领域.青藏高原东部地形起伏剧烈，地震活动频繁，金属与油气矿床丰富，揭示出青藏高原东部极为复杂的壳幔结构与深部变形及非常强烈的深部物质运动.近年来，随着地球物理综合观测技术、深部结构成像方法、地球动力学模拟等研究的快速发展，围绕青藏高原东部的深部构造、块体运动、深部动力模式、强震活动与深部蕴震机制及成矿深部构造等方面进展显著.青藏高原东部构造与地球物理研讨会（WTGTP）是围绕青藏高原东部深部结构与动力学机制、资源开发、地质灾害等相关地球科学问题按年度召开的学术交流研讨会.本文基于2021年和2022年召开的第九届和第十届WTGTP的会议报告，结合近年来的相关研究成果，围绕印度—欧亚板块碰撞、构造变形特征与动力学机制以及强震活动与深部蕴震机制等主要内容，介绍了青藏高原东部的地球物理结构及深部构造变形与动力学机制的研究进展.初步展望了青藏高原深部构造与地球物理研究前景，期望能给相关科研人员提供一点有益的参考. 相似文献
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经过数十年的努力,我国青藏高原深部地球物理与大陆动力学领域的研究呈现蓬勃的发展态势,取得了一系列研究成果.《地球物理学报》以青藏高原为专辑,集中在2017年6期刊发36篇文章,涵盖了青藏高原深部地球物理与大陆动力学方面的一批最新研究成果.这些工作涉及地震特性与大陆动力学、壳幔结构与地震各向异性、深部电性结构及密度结构等研究方向.本文将从这几个研究方向简要介绍收入本专辑论文的研究工作,分享青藏高原深部地球物理与大陆动力学的研究成果. 相似文献
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对布格异常采用小波变换场分离技术得到深部重力异常，利用其他地球物理方法获得较可靠的先验信息作为约束，并采用球谐函数的级数解形式对中国东部及其邻域的深部重力异常进行联合反演，获得了该区岩石圈底界面的展布图像；同时对岩石圈底界面特征和强地震分布特性进行了讨论，指出中国东部及其邻域在地貌分布、各种地球物理场和岩石圈结构等方面都明显地具有分区性，很可能与深部岩石圈底界面的变化有关，而岩石圈底界面的形态的差异将对岩石圈层的运动和一系列地质过程产生重要作用，强地震活动的分布也与深部岩石圈界面形态和构造环境密切相关. 相似文献
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岩石是构成地球的最重要材料,地球的结构和动力学性质必然与岩石的各种物理性质密切相关,所以岩石物性数据也是地球物理勘查的基础性数据。地球物理勘探中重力、磁测、电法测量工作常用到密度、磁化率、电阻率以及极化率参数的综合分析,可辅助解释地球物理异常成因,进而对相关成矿地质问题有更为深刻的认识。本次工作通过采集测量库布苏北地区地表及深部钻孔岩芯的多种岩矿石,对各类物性参数进行统计处理及综合分析,结合以往成矿特征,大致明确该区域内弱磁异常成因,进而推断深部地层界面,初步明确深部成矿潜力,为指导下一步工作提供依据。 相似文献
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电磁法在深部找矿中的应用现状及展望 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
地球物理勘探方法(尤其是电磁法)在发现金属矿产资源中取得了很大的成功.一般认为离地表500米以内的金属矿床已基本上被发现和勘探利用,并且正在迅速枯竭.由于在新的采矿区安装新的采矿设施非常昂贵,因此当前面临的挑战是在老矿区内及其周围寻找适合开采的深部矿体(0.5km～2km).寻找深部矿体需要大尺度的地球物理方法支撑,本文用有限篇幅介绍了电磁法在深部找矿中的应用现状、电磁法数据处理和解释研究进展及仪器设备研制进展,以典型案例说明了它们在深部找矿中的应用效果,对电磁法技术在深部找矿中的应用前景作出了展望. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2021,(9)
华北克拉通虽是古老大陆地块,但在岩石圈的大规模减薄与破坏过程中,产生了金成矿作用,形成了中国最重要的金矿类型——华北克拉通破坏型金矿.地球物理方法是发现和探测金矿的主要技术手段.文章从华北克拉通破坏型金矿的地质特征出发,基于岩石物理性质,将克拉通破坏型金矿的地质模型转换成地球物理模型.将当前克拉通破坏型金矿地球物理探测归类为矿集区尺度快速高效探测和矿区尺度大深度探测两个层面:(1)利用航空电磁法、磁法和重力方法开展矿集区尺度的浅层(1500m)异常区探测;(2)通过地面可控源电磁法和地面大地电磁法开展矿区尺度大深度(5000m)探测和矿体定位.以具有巨大成矿潜力的辽东矿集区为例,分析综合地球物理的应用效果:在青城子矿集区的尖山子断裂周边圈定了两个找矿远景区,分别是白云-小佟家堡子深部找矿远景区和青城子深部找矿远景区.在五龙矿集区鸡心沟断裂周边圈定了三个找矿远景区,分别是五龙深部找矿远景区、苇沙沟深部找矿远景区和长安镇深部找矿远景区.矿集区尺度的快速探测技术和矿区尺度的大深度探测技术形成了克拉通破坏型金矿多尺度立体探测技术方案,为克拉通破坏型金矿等金属矿产勘查提供技术保障. 相似文献
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就采用地球物理探测、地质岩石学分析和高温高压实验(GGE)综合研究区域地壳细结构和确定地震震源区的可能性和方法作了探讨,并以临汾地区为例,给出了实施过程中的一些具体考虑.这些考虑包括:通过地球物理探测建立地壳、上地幔的速度、电性、密度、磁性和热等结构,给出深部的温压分布等;通过地质调查、钻探和岩石学分析确定沉积层的性质与厚度、结晶基底的组成,推测深部物质的状态,选取典型样品等;在模拟深部温压条件下,通过对岩石波速、电性和密度等的测定和与地球物理结构模型、地质岩石学结构模型进行综合比较建立区域地壳三维结构,通过对岩石力学行为的实验测定与了解,选择发震判据,确定潜在震源区. 相似文献
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阪神·淡路大震灾后 ,日本着手对原有的地震观测体制作彻底改革 ,多项全国性配置地震计的计划同时开始启动。地震引起的地面晃动的程度不尽相同 ,无感微小地震引发的晃动仅有 0 .0 0 1 μm,频率为1 0 Hz;巨大地震引起的地面晃动的幅度高达 2～ 3 m,周期也有几十秒。虽说都称之为地震计 ,但由于地震动的振幅和频率涉及的范围太大 ,所以应针对观测对象选用不同类型的地震计。下面介绍不同类型的观测网。1 强震观测网 ( K- NET)无论大地有多大的晃动都能将其准确记录下来的地震计称之为强震计。它构造坚实 ,信号明确 ,通常设置在地表 ,对了… 相似文献
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Abu Sayeed Shafiuddin Ahmed Mohammad Belal Hossain Saad Mohammad Omar Faruque Babu Moshiur Rahman Jun Sun Mohammad Shafiqul Islam Sarker 《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(1):83-96
Sediment samples from the Gomti River basin were investigated to determine and evaluate trace metal concentrations,their biological effect,and potential ecological and human health risks for adults and children.The mean concentrations of trace metals were organized in the descending order of mercury(Hg)(0.08 mg/kg)>chromium(Cr)(0.06 mg/kg)>lead(Pb)(0.05 mg/kg)>arsenic(As)(0.02 mg/kg)>cadmium(Cd)(0.01 mg/kg).The current study illustrated that metals were attributed to the area from natural sources and different anthropogenic sources especially from industries.However,the concentration levels were lower than the sediment quality guidelines(SQGs)based on the effect-range classifications of threshold effect concentration(TEC)and probable effect concentration(PEC).Therefore,the concentration of the elements showed no adverse biological effects on aquatic organisms.The evaluated potential ecological risk index also revealed the low toxicity to the aquatic environment.Moreover,the applied sediment quality indices,geo-accumulation index(Igeo),contamination factor(CF),and contamination severity index(CSI)suggested that the contamination levels of the elements were in the acceptable range,and the contamination had not notably impacted on the sediment quality.The risk index(HI)concerning age groups was significantly less than the threshold limit of 1 indicating that the contamination had no non-carcinogenic risk effect.The total carcinogenic risk(TCR)was less than a risk value of 1×104.Hence,the current study suggests that immediate remediation is not required due to an absence of alarming conditions in the study area.Proper monitoring of the attribution of the metal elements should be done for the betterment of human and environmental health。 相似文献
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Sun, climate, hunger, and mass migration 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
Kenneth J. Hsu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1998,41(5):449-472
Paleoclimatic studies indicate four epochs of global cooling during the last 4 000 years, i. e. during the few centuries before
and after 2000 BC, 800 BC, 400 AD, and 1 600 AD; the quasiperiodicity corresponds to cyclic variation of solar activity. Global
temperature changes influenced regional precipitation patterns: Northern Europe was wetter while the middle- and low-latitude
lands were more arid during colder epochs. Both sets of cold climatical conditions were unfavorable for agricultural production.
Historical records show that large demographic movements in history took place because of crop failures and mass starvation,
rather than escaping from war zones. The “wandering” of the Germanic tribes during the first two or three centuries of the
Christian Era is one example. Whereas the accelerated release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels is ultimately
to cause global warming, historical evidence indicates, however, that global warming has been on the whole a blessing to mankind.
Global cooling, on the other hand, has curtailed agricultural production and has led to famines and mass migrations of people.
Perhaps the most important task at the present is not so much computer-modelling of greenhouse effect on global climate, but
water-management and agricultural researches to insure food-supply for an everincreasing world population. 相似文献
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Michael O. Garcia Diane Hanano Ashton Flinders Dominique Weis Garrett Ito Mark D. Kurz 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(6):1445-1463
The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (～6,000?km3) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ～270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New 40Ar–39Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high 3He/4He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized. 相似文献
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In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment. 相似文献
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Transitional, entraining, cloudy, and coastal boundary layers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Wayne M. Angevine 《Acta Geophysica》2008,56(1):2-20
Atmospheric boundary layers are marvelously varied and complex. Recent research has examined some of that variety. Boundary
layers over land undergo drastic changes throughout the day as the sun rises and sets, and as clouds form and dissipate. Air
is entrained at the top of the boundary layer at varying rates. As air moves over the coast, the boundary layer reacts to
changes in surface forcing. All of these changes affect pollutant transport and weather formation. In this paper, research
attempting to understand transitional, cloud-topped, and coastal boundary layers, and boundary-layer top entrainment, is reviewed. 相似文献