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1.
根据四川盆地西北地区镜质体反射率数据(Ro)进行的埋藏史和热史恢复结果表明:该地区中生界与新生界之间不整合面的剥蚀量在1000～2500 m之间.该区在晚二叠世初期达到最高古热流,研究区南部最高古热流达～100 mW/m2,研究区北部为～70 mW/m2.从晚二叠世初到现今古热流持续降低,在～220 Ma时古热流平均为～54 mW/m2.下二叠统烃源岩在二叠纪末达到生油门限.研究区南部,下二叠统及下伏古生代烃源岩短时间内经历了超高古地温,因此具有一次性生烃且生烃时代久远(中二叠世之前)的特点,研究区北部的中、下二叠统和下伏古生代烃源岩存在二次或多次生烃.上二叠统烃源岩在三叠纪达到生油门限并进入生油高峰(成熟早期),之后在侏罗纪和白垩纪又有两次生烃过程.三叠系烃源岩的演化特征与上二叠统相似. 相似文献
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酒泉盆地群热演化史恢复及其对比研究 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
酒泉盆地群是由两期不同性质、不同世代盆地叠加而成的 .晚侏罗纪-早白垩世为拉张断陷盆地 ,第三纪以来为挤压坳陷盆地 .酒泉盆地群现今地温梯度及大地热流值都较低 ,地温梯度主要在 2 51- 3 0 0℃ /1 0 0m之间 ,大地热流值在 50- 57mW /m2 之间 .酒泉盆地群中生代晚期为拉张断陷 ,古地温梯度高 ,可达 3 75- 4 50℃ /1 0 0m ,新生代以来地温梯度逐渐降低 ,而花海盆地、酒西盆地石北凹陷沉降幅度小 ,古地温高于今地温 .下白垩统烃源岩热演化程度受古地温控制 .主生烃期仅有一次 ,为早白垩世晚期 .酒西盆地青西凹陷、酒东盆地营尔凹陷在新生代以来大幅度沉降 ,下白垩统烃源岩热演化程度受现今地温控制 .主生烃期有两次 ,一次为早白垩世晚期 ,另一次为晚第三纪以来 ,且以晚第三纪以来为主 .不同盆地及同一盆地不同构造单元由于构造热演化史的不同 ,主生烃期及油气勘探前景明显不同 . 相似文献
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温度是控制烃源岩有机质生烃的主要因素,构造-热事件下的高温作用对烃源岩的增熟和生烃历程具有显著影响.通过地质分析和磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹、磷灰石U-Th/He低温热年代学数据、火山岩年龄数据分析认为,下扬子中生代存在印支期(T_3-J_2),燕山期(J_3-K_1)构造-热事件,沉积盆地达到最高古热流的时间大约为130~110Ma.古温标镜质体反射率热史反演结果揭示句容地区最高地表古热流达到~94mW·m~(-2),泰兴地区为~78mW·m~(-2),热事件的强度由西至东减弱.基于EASY%Ro模型的生烃史正演结果揭示:寒武系烃源岩在常州地区主生气期为早二叠世晚期至晚三叠世末,在句容、泰兴地区主生气期为晚三叠世-早白垩世.由于T_3-J_(1-2)前陆盆地沉积和早白垩世岩浆活动热事件的双重作用,海相烃源岩有机质在早白垩世末达到最高古地温.虽然K_2-E期间在句容、泰兴和常州部分地区具有一定的沉降幅度,甚至使得部分地区海相烃源岩的埋深超过早期的埋深,但由于K_2以来大地热流降低,海相烃源层地层温度却低于早期的地温,有机质未能普遍进一步增熟生烃,即这些地区不存在大面积的二次生烃. 相似文献
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沉积盆地的热历史是盆地的构造演化研究和油气资源评价及油气成藏的重要参数.本文利用磷灰石裂变径迹和镜质体反射率古温标模拟计算了济阳坳陷70口单井新生代以来的热演化历史，在此基础上分析了济阳坳陷内东营、沾化、惠民和车镇4个凹陷的地温梯度演化特征.研究结果表明，济阳坳陷新生代以来的古地温梯度是逐渐降低的，但在早第三纪时期下降的幅度较大，而在晚第三纪－第四纪则下降的幅度明显较小；济阳坳陷在孔店组沉积时期的地温梯度为540～500℃/km之间，沙河街沉积时期为500～400℃/km，东营组沉积时期为400～385℃/km，晚第三纪时期为385～355℃/km，第四纪以来基本未变.坳陷内4个凹陷的古地温梯度演化存在差异，特别是在早第三纪末期的东营构造运动以后，各凹陷的地温梯度演化差异更加明显.在晚第三纪时期，济阳坳陷各凹陷的地温梯度变化均较小，地温梯度的高低依次为东营凹陷、沾化凹陷、惠民凹陷和车镇凹陷.车镇凹陷的古地温梯度在整个新生代演化历史中均是济阳坳陷最低的.这种地温演化的差异与各凹陷的构造沉降演化史密切相关，同时地温演化差异也导致了各凹陷的烃源岩在生烃门限深度的差异.济阳坳陷的古地温梯度演化特征反映了济阳坳陷由断陷向坳陷的构造演化特征. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地构造热演化史及其成藏成矿意义 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
地层测温、热导率、生热率测试资料研究表明鄂尔多斯盆地现今平均地温梯度为2.93℃/100m,平均大地热流值为61.78mW/m2,属于中温型盆地.现今地温梯度、大地热流值具有东高西低的分布特征.在伊盟隆起东胜铀矿区直罗组砂岩生热率明显变高,高于泥岩的生热率,反映存在金属铀异常.在对盆地现今地温场研究的基础上,应用多种古地温研究手段恢复了盆地中生代晚期的古地温及古地温梯度,根据中生代晚期古地温梯度异常及火成岩活动年龄测试结果确定了中生代晚期早白垩世存在一次构造热事件.以建立的热史模型为约束条件,应用盆地模拟软件进行了热史模拟,重新恢复了鄂尔多斯盆地不同构造单元的构造热演化史.鄂尔多斯盆地构造热演化史对油气、煤、金属铀矿的形成、演化、成藏(矿)有重要的控制作用,特别是中生代构造热事件.无论是下古生界气源岩还是上古生界气源岩,天然气大规模生成期均在中生代晚期的早白垩世.三叠系延长统主要生油期也是在早白垩世.对于石炭—二叠系、三叠系及侏罗系的煤化过程而言,煤的最高热演化程度也是在早白垩世达到的.早白垩世也是金属铀矿重要的成矿期. 相似文献
7.
运用裂变径迹分析方法,探讨分析了合肥盆地中新生代的构造热演化特征. 上白垩统和古近系下段样品的磷灰石裂变径迹（AFT）数据主体表现为靠近部分退火带顶部温度(±65℃)有轻度退火,由此估算晚白垩世至古近纪早期合肥盆地断陷阶段的古地温梯度接近38℃/km,高于盆地现今地温梯度(275℃/km).下白垩统、侏罗系及二叠系样品的AFT年龄(975～25Ma)和锆石裂变径迹(ZFT)年龄(118～104Ma)均明显小于其相应的地层年龄,AFT年龄－深度分布呈现冷却型曲线形态,且由古部分退火带、冷却带或前完全退火带及其深部的今部分退火带组成,指示早白垩世的一次构造热事件和其随后的抬升冷却过程. 基于AFT曲线的温度分带模式和流体包裹体测温数据的综合约束,推算合肥盆地早白垩世走滑压陷阶段的古地温梯度接近67℃/km. 径迹年龄分布、AFT曲线拐点年龄和区域抬升剥蚀时间的对比分析结果表明,合肥盆地在早白垩世构造热事件之后的104Ma以来总体处于抬升冷却过程,后期快速抬升冷却事件主要发生在±55Ma. 相似文献
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江汉盆地是我国前新生代海相油气勘探的重要领域之一，为研究海相烃源岩的热演化史提供地热学参数，以镜质体反射率(Ro)为古温标进行热史反演，获得了盆地的热流史.印支运动以前，盆地基底热流为50～55mW/m2；晚印支－早燕山期，热流整体升高；不同构造单元达到最高古热流的时间不同，潜北断裂以北，157Ma左右达到最高古热流（～72 mW/m2），潜北断裂以南，43 Ma左右达到最高古热流（71～76 mW/m2）；晚喜山期，热流迅速降低，盆地快速冷却.盆地热流史和沉积构造演化、岩浆活动热事件的耦合关系表现为:印支运动以前，海相盆地稳定建造阶段为统一的低热流背景，岩浆活动微弱；晚印支－早燕山期，构造活动性增强产生深部热搅动，热流整体升高；中燕山期挤压改造变形阶段热流值的高低受控于岩浆活动热事件的分区表现，盆地基底热流表现为北降南升；晚燕山－早喜山期，陆相伸展盆地建造与叠加改造阶段，岩浆活动热事件的区域特征决定热背景分区；晚喜山期，盆地萎缩，为热流值降低的冷却过程. 相似文献
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本文综合运用磷灰石-锆石裂变径迹和（U-Th）/He、镜质体反射率及盆地模拟等手段，深入细致地探讨了中扬子江汉平原簰洲湾地区中、新生代构造-热史演化过程.研究结果表明，研究区中-新生代大规模构造抬升剥蚀、地层冷却事件始于早白垩世（140-130 Ma）；大规模抬升冷却过程主要发生在早白垩世中后期至晚白垩世.研究区虽然可能存在一定厚度的晚白垩世-古近纪地层沉积，总体沉积规模相对较小.综合分析认为，区内应该存在较大厚度的中侏罗统或/和上侏罗统乃至早白垩世地层的沉积；而现今残存中生代中、上侏罗统地层相对较薄，主要是由于后期持续构造抬升剥蚀造成的，估计总剥蚀厚度约4300 m左右.区内中生代地层在早白垩世达到最大古地温，而不是在古近纪沉积末期；上三叠统地层最大古地温在170~190℃之间.热史分析结果表明，区内古生代古热流相对稳定，平均热流在53.64 mW·m-2；早侏罗世末期古热流开始降低，在早白垩世初期古热流约为48.38 mW·m-2. 相似文献
10.
鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界油气地质动力学研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
以鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系烃源岩为主要研究对象 ,采用盆地动态数值模拟和成藏动力学的方法研究其地史、热史、生烃史及排烃史等油气地质动力学特征 .结果表明 :奥陶系总体上经历了原始沉积、抬升剥蚀、快速沉降、升沉交替和差异抬升剥蚀阶段 ;盆地大地热流值总体较低 ,奥陶系的古热流演化可划分为白垩纪前的较高热流和白垩纪后的较低热流两大阶段 .奥陶系烃源岩有机质热演化整体都已进入高成熟 过成熟阶段 ,生气强度大于生油强度 ,烃类相态以天然气为主 ;单位时间的排油、排气曲线为“多峰型” ,累计排气强度大于累计排油强度 ,具良好的天然气勘探远景 . 相似文献
11.
应用含油气盆地热史模拟系统, 对江汉盆地南部的钻井资料进行了模拟计算, 恢复了研究区的热史和埋藏史. 在此基础上, 正演了下志留统烃源岩成熟度的演化史. 研究结果表明,江汉盆地在印支期(240 Ma)以前处于稳定的低热流(50～55 mW/m2)状态, 印支期后热流开始整体升高. 潜北断裂以北地区的热流在中燕山期(155 Ma)达到峰值(～72 mW/m2), 断裂以南的热流在晚燕山期(40 Ma)达到峰值(～76 mW/m2). 晚喜山期后, 整个研究区的热流快速下降, 盆地开始冷却. 早三叠世末, 下志留统烃源岩在枝江、当阳、沔阳凹陷一带率先进入生油门限, 早侏罗世至早白垩世末烃源岩进入快速增熟期, 成熟度具有北高南低的特征. 晚白垩世末, 烃源岩热演化特征表现为东强西弱. 到了新近纪末, 烃源岩热演化终止. 研究区热史恢复和下志留统烃源岩成熟度演化的研究为合理评估烃源岩生烃量、排烃量和油气资源量提供了科学依据. 相似文献
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Chen Bo Zhang ChangMin Luo MingXia Lei QingLiang Han DingKun Zhou XiaoJun 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,52(1):77-87
The Cretaceous in southern China is mainly a set of red and mauve clastic rock, with evaporation layers. For lack of source rock, it has been paid little attention to in the exploration process. With the development of research on hydrocarbon exploration, the masses of Cretaceous reservoirs and shows have been found in recent years. This means that the Cretaceous has great exploration potential. According to the research, authors find that the high-quality reservoir and efficient cap rocks develop in the Cretaceous. At the same time, the Cretaceous and underlying Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic marine strata and overlying Cenozoic nonmarine strata constitute a superimposed basin. Moreover, high-quality source rocks developed in the above-mentioned two sets of strata. In the south, especially in the middle and lower Yangtze region since the Himalayan strong rift was associated with a large number of faults, These faults connect the Cretaceous reservoir and its overlying and underlying source rocks, forming the fault-based and unconformity-based discontinuous source-reservoir-cap accumulation assemblages. Because the Cretaceous has the abundant oil and gas from Paleogene source rocks or Mesozoic-Paleozoic source rocks with secondary hydrocarbon generation ability, three types of reservoirs develop in the Cretaceous: “new-generating and old-reservoiring” reservoirs, “old-generating andnew-reservoiring” reservoirs, and few “self-generating andself-reservoiring” reservoirs. The hydrocarbon enrichment depends on two key factors. Firstly, Cretaceous reservoirs are near to the source kitchens, so its oil and gas source is ample. Secondly, the fault system is well developed, which provides the necessary conducting systems for hydrocarbon accumulation.
相似文献13.
Bo Chen ChangMin Zhang MingXia Luo QingLiang Lei DingKun Han XiaoJun Zhou 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(1):77-87
The Cretaceous in southern China is mainly a set of red and mauve clastic rock, with evaporation layers. For lack of source rock, it has been paid little attention to in the exploration process. With the development of research on hydrocarbon exploration, the masses of Cretaceous reservoirs and shows have been found in recent years. This means that the Cretaceous has great exploration potential. According to the research, authors find that the high-quality reservoir and efficient cap rocks develop in the Cretaceous. At the same time, the Cretaceous and underlying Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic marine strata and overlying Cenozoic nonmarine strata constitute a superimposed basin. Moreover, high-quality source rocks developed in the above-mentioned two sets of strata. In the south, especially in the middle and lower Yangtze region since the Himalayan strong rift was associated with a large number of faults, These faults connect the Cretaceous reservoir and its overlying and underlying source rocks, forming the fault-based and unconformity-based discontinuous source-reservoir-cap accumulation assemblages. Because the Cretaceous has the abundant oil and gas from Paleogene source rocks or Mesozoic-Paleozoic source rocks with secondary hydrocarbon generation ability, three types of reservoirs develop in the Cretaceous: “new-generating and old-reservoiring” reservoirs, “old-generating andnew-reservoiring” reservoirs, and few “self-generating andself-reservoiring” reservoirs. The hydrocarbon enrichment depends on two key factors. Firstly, Cretaceous reservoirs are near to the source kitchens, so its oil and gas source is ample. Secondly, the fault system is well developed, which provides the necessary conducting systems for hydrocarbon accumulation. 相似文献
14.
四川盆地的构造、热演化与峨眉山超级地幔柱有密切关系.峨眉山超级地幔柱对四川盆地中二叠统之下的烃源岩热演化有着十分重要的影响.在四川盆地热历史恢复的基础上,研究了峨眉山超级地幔柱对盆地内烃源岩,特别是中二叠统之下的古生界烃源岩热演化的影响.结果表明,中二叠统及下伏烃源岩的热演化受中晚二叠世发生在盆地西南方向的峨眉山超级地幔柱的影响巨大,且具地区差异性.即在靠近峨眉山地幔柱中心的地区,有机质迅速成熟并达到其成熟度的最高值(以H1井为代表),古生界烃源岩迅速进入过成熟,此后未有二次生烃;而远离峨眉山地幔柱的盆地大部分地区,古生界烃源岩在二叠纪以来具有多次生烃过程.中生界烃源岩热演化,主要和前陆盆地阶段的构造过程包括前陆沉积和断裂的逆冲推覆等相关. 在烃源岩有机质成熟度演化史的基础上,从盆地热史和烃源岩热演化的角度指出了下二叠统及之下烃源层在四川盆地不同地区油气勘探中的不同意义. 相似文献
15.
Petroleum geological dynamics of Lower Paleozoic in the Ordos Basin, northwest China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Taking the hydrocarbon source rocks of Ordovician, Lower Paleozoic in the Ordos Basin as the main research object, the characteristics of petroleum geological dynamics about geohistory, geothermal history, hydrocarbon generation history and hydrocarbon expulsion history were studied by using the methods of basin numerical modeling dynamically and pool-forming dynamics. It is shown that the Ordovician strata had entirely undergone five stages of initial deposition, uplift and erosion, rapid subsidence, alternating uplift and subsidence, and differential uplift and erosion; that under the background of lower heat flow on the whole, the paleoheat flow of Ordovician strata in the basin could be divided into two large stages of relatively high heat flow values period before Cretaceous deposition and relatively low ones after it; that the thermal evolution of organic matters in the hydrocarbon source rocks of Ordovician had entered into high mature-postmature stage on the whole and the intensity of gas generated was greater than that of oil generated, the hydrocarbon being mainly natural gas; and that the curves of the intensity of oil and gas expulsion at each time unit showed the feature of multi-peak-type, the accumulative intensity of gas expulsion was greater than that of oil expulsion. Thus natural gas exploration potential is good. 相似文献
16.
古近系沙河街组是阳信洼陷最重要的生烃层段.其湖盆充填具阶段性和沉积演化的旋回性,形成了由沙四段、沙三段与沙一段组成的复合生烃系统和不同的地球化学特征.利用Rock-Eval生油岩评价仪、色谱-质谱仪等实验分析技术对不同层系样品进行了地球化学特征分析研究,其中生烃潜力指标包括有机碳含量(TOC)、残余生烃潜量(S1 S2)、氢指数IH、氯仿沥青"A";成熟度指标包括热解峰温Tmax、奇偶优势参数OEP、饱和烃轻重比(C21 C22)/(C28 C29)及∑C21-/∑C22 、镜质体反射率Ro、莫烷/藿烷及甾烷生物标志物参数C29ββ(ββ αα)、C29ααα20S(20S 20R);古环境指标包括异构烷烃参数Pr/Ph、Pr/n-C17、Ph/n-C18及伽马蜡烷等.结果表明,沙四段为弱还原-还原性的半深湖沉积,沉积了一套中等厚度、分布局限的烃源岩(TOC平均为1.5%),其较深位置的烃源岩基本进入成熟阶段,多形成成熟油;沙三段属弱还原-还原性的半深湖-深湖环境,其烃源岩中有机质丰度较高(TOC平均为3.5%),大部分烃源岩处于未成熟-低成熟状态,主要形成未熟油;沙一段为湖水咸化、还原性的半深湖相环境,其烃源岩中有机质丰度高(TOC平均为5%左右),但处于未成熟阶段,主要生成生物气. 相似文献
17.
Since the discovery of the Tahe oilfield, it has been controversial on whether the main source rock is in the Cambrian or Middle-Upper Ordovician strata. In this paper, it is assumed that the crude oil from the Wells YM 2 and TD 2 was derived from the Middle-Upper Ordovician and Cambrian source rocks, respectively. We analyzed the biomarkers of the crude oil, asphalt-adsorbed hydrocarbon and saturated hydrocarbon in bitumen inclusions from the Lunnan and Hade areas in the North Uplift of the Tarim Basin. Results show that the ratios of tricyclic terpane C21/C23 in the crude oil, asphalt-adsorbed hydrocarbon and saturated hydrocarbon in bitumen inclusions are less than 1.0, indicating that they might be from Upper Ordovician source rocks; the ratios of C28/(C27+C28+C29) steranes in the saturated hydrocarbon from reservoir bitumen and bitumen inclusions are higher than 25, suggesting that they might come from the Cambrian source rocks, however, the ratios of C28/(C27+C28+C29) steranes in oil from the North Uplift are less than 25, suggesting that they might be sourced from the Upper Ordovician source rocks. These findings demonstrate that the sources of crude oil in the Tarim Basin are complicated. The chemical composition and carbon isotopes of Ordovician reservoired oil in the Tarim Basin indicated that the crude oil in the North Uplift (including the Tahe oilfield) and Tazhong Depression was within mixture areas of crude oil from the Wells YM 2 and TD 2 as the end members of the Cambrian and Middle-Upper Ordovician sourced oils, respectively. This observation suggests that the crude oil in the Ordovician strata is a mixture of oils from the Cambrian and Ordovician source rocks, with increasing contribution from the Cambrian source rocks from the southern slope of the North Uplift to northern slope of the Central Uplift of the Tarim Basin. Considering the lithology and sedimentary facies data, the spatial distribution of the Cambrian, Middle-Lower Ordovician and Upper Ordovician source rocks was reconstructed on the basis of seismic reflection characteristics, and high-quality source rocks were revealed to be mainly located in the slope belt of the basin and were longitudinally developed over the maximum flooding surface during the progressive-regressive cycle. Affected by the transformation of the tectonic framework in the basin, the overlays of source rocks in different regions are different and the distribution of oil and gas was determined by the initial basin sedimentary structure and later reformation process. The northern slope of the Central Uplift-Shuntuo-Gucheng areas would be a recent important target for oil and gas exploration, since they have been near the slope area for a long time. 相似文献
18.
Kinetic study of the hydrocarbon generation from Upper Paleozoic coals in Ordos Basin 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
When organic matter during geological processes is affected by a variety of factors such as paleotemperature, and time, complicated chemical reactions will occur, finally resulting in the generation of petroleum and natural gas. These reactions leading to… 相似文献