共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
This study focuses on the factors that may affect the feasibility of performing elliptical anisotropy analysis on azimuthal PP- and PS-wave data in HTI media, with the aim of using the modeling results as guidance in real seismic data application. Our results reveal that there is an offset limitation for both PP- and PS-waves in elliptical anisotropy fitting, and that PS-waves show a wider applicable offset range and larger observable azimuthal anisotropy than PP-waves. The major axis of the elliptical fit to the amplitudes of the R-component is perpendicular to the fracture strike, which is opposite to that in PP-wave analysis. The azimuthal interval travel time of PS-waves shows a nearly elliptical distribution and the major axis of the fit ellipse is perpendicular to the fracture strike, which is same as that in PP-wave analysis. For data within the applicable offset range, the anisotropic magnitude obtained from amplitude and travel time attributes of PP- and PS-waves exhibits a dependence on fracture density, and the major to minor axis ratio of the fit ellipse may be used to infer the relative distribution of fracture densities. 相似文献
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在界面两侧地层的弹性参数弱反差的假设难以成立的情况下,本文提出用平均入射角道集进行PP波与PS波的联合反演.首先,在PP波与PS波AVA(amplitude versus angle,振幅随入射角变化)道集的基础上,分别选择小入射角范围与大入射角范围的AVA道集进行局部加权叠加,以获得由两个角度组成的平均入射角道集,并作为后续反演的输入数据.然后,再通过最小二乘原理建立了PP波与PS波联合反演目标函数,推导了模型修改量的向量公式,建立了平均入射角道集联合反演的流程.模型数据与实际数据的测试结果表明:在信噪比较低、地层弹性参数反差较大、层厚较薄的情况下,该反演方法的精度在很大程度上超过了基于近似反射系数的反演方法,为复杂油气藏勘探提供了新的思路. 相似文献
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煤层中存在的裂隙会导致介质表现为各向异性,本文以HTI型煤层为例,结合各向异性介质弹性矩阵和各向异性裂隙理论,推导出不同充填物的垂直裂隙中各向异性参数表达式,将其应用于地震波响应分析;通过改进的交错网格差分法和各向异性Christoffel方程波场分解法,得到地震波合成记录和分解后的P波和SV波记录;将Thomsen群速度与相速度公式,经过坐标轴旋转变换,得到HTI型煤层中不同各向异性参数的地震波速度响应表达式;建立不同类型煤层地质模型,分析了裂隙密度、裂隙充填物以及煤层厚度等参数变化时的地震波响应特征.研究结果为分析垂向裂隙各向异性薄煤层地震波传播规律提供工具,为选用相应地震数据进行地震波各向异性参数反演提供依据. 相似文献
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提出了利用人工爆破P波走时反演地壳介质方位各向异性参数的方法. 在假定介质是弱各向异性介质的情况下, 使用扰动理论得到了线性化的反演公式, 其中待反演的弱各向异性参数是P波走时的线性函数. 如果在反演公式中参考走时取相同震中距接收点的P波平均走时, 那么所获得的弱各向异性参数与参考介质速度的选取无关. 反演得到的弱各向异性参数可以看作是不同震中距和不同深度范围内介质的等效弱各向异性参数. 等效弱各向异性参数在一定程度上反映了不同深度范围内水平方向相速度随方位的变化. 这种变化可能是不同时期构造应力作用的结果. 2007年中国地震局在首都圈怀来地区实施了一次大吨位人工爆破实验, 以爆破点为中心, 布设了高密度的地震观测台网和台阵. 台站相对于爆破点具有360°的全方位覆盖, 所得到的地震记录数据为研究怀来、 延庆地区地壳介质P波方位各向异性提供了必要条件. 我们通过走时反演获得了与水平方位相关的弱各向异性参数, 并对弱各向异性参数进行坐标变换, 得到了能够直观描述岩石弱各向异性的具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性介质, 给出了对应的3个独立弱各向异性参数及其对称轴方位, 讨论了介质各向异性与构造应力场的关系. 结果表明该地区地壳介质存在明显的方位各向异性, 其最大值约为4.6%. 相似文献
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Seismic amplitude variation with offset and azimuth (AVOaz) inversion is well known as a popular and pragmatic tool utilized to estimate fracture parameters. A single set of vertical fractures aligned along a preferred horizontal direction embedded in a horizontally layered medium can be considered as an effective long-wavelength orthorhombic medium. Estimation of Thomsen’s weak-anisotropy (WA) parameters and fracture weaknesses plays an important role in characterizing the orthorhombic anisotropy in a weakly anisotropic medium. Our goal is to demonstrate an orthorhombic anisotropic AVOaz inversion approach to describe the orthorhombic anisotropy utilizing the observable wide-azimuth seismic reflection data in a fractured reservoir with the assumption of orthorhombic symmetry. Combining Thomsen’s WA theory and linear-slip model, we first derive a perturbation in stiffness matrix of a weakly anisotropic medium with orthorhombic symmetry under the assumption of small WA parameters and fracture weaknesses. Using the perturbation matrix and scattering function, we then derive an expression for linearized PP-wave reflection coefficient in terms of P- and S-wave moduli, density, Thomsen’s WA parameters, and fracture weaknesses in such an orthorhombic medium, which avoids the complicated nonlinear relationship between the orthorhombic anisotropy and azimuthal seismic reflection data. Incorporating azimuthal seismic data and Bayesian inversion theory, the maximum a posteriori solutions of Thomsen’s WA parameters and fracture weaknesses in a weakly anisotropic medium with orthorhombic symmetry are reasonably estimated with the constraints of Cauchy a priori probability distribution and smooth initial models of model parameters to enhance the inversion resolution and the nonlinear iteratively reweighted least squares strategy. The synthetic examples containing a moderate noise demonstrate the feasibility of the derived orthorhombic anisotropic AVOaz inversion method, and the real data illustrate the inversion stabilities of orthorhombic anisotropy in a fractured reservoir. 相似文献
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长波长假设条件下,各向同性背景地层中发育一组平行排列的垂直裂缝可等效为具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性（HTI）介质.基于不同观测方位的岩石地震响应特征变化,宽方位地震数据不仅可实现裂缝岩石弹性参数与各向异性参数的预测,同时也蕴含着丰富的孔隙度等储层物性参数信息.本文结合实际地震资料提出了贝叶斯框架下岩石物理驱动的储层裂缝参数与物性参数概率地震联合反演方法,首先基于AVAZ反演裂缝岩石的弹性参数与各向异性参数,并在此基础上通过统计岩石物理模型表征孔隙度、裂缝密度等各向异性介质储层参数与裂缝岩石参数的相互关联,并采用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛（MCMC）抽样方法进行大量样本的随机模拟,使用期望最大化（EM）算法估计后验条件概率分布,最终寻找最大后验条件概率对应的孔隙度、裂缝密度等HTI裂缝介质储层参数即为反演结果.测井及实际地震数据处理表明,该方法能够稳定合理地从方位地震资料中获取裂缝岩石弹性参数与各向异性参数,并提供了一种较为可靠的孔隙度、裂缝密度等裂缝介质储层参数概率地震反演方法. 相似文献
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在长波长假设条件下,水平层状地层中发育一组垂直排列的裂缝构成了等效正交各向异性介质.各向异性参数与裂缝弱度参数的估算有助于非均匀各向异性介质的各向异性特征描述,而弹性逆散射理论是非均匀介质参数反演的有效途径.基于地震散射理论,我们首先推导了非均匀正交介质中纵波散射系数方程,并通过引入正交各向异性特征参数,提出了一种新颖的正交各向异性方位弹性阻抗参数化方法.为了提高反演的稳定性与横向连续性,我们发展了贝叶斯框架下的正交各向异性方位弹性阻抗反演方法,同时考虑了柯西稀疏约束正则化和平滑模型约束正则化,最终使用非线性的迭代重加权最小二乘策略实现了各向异性特征参数的稳定估算.模型和实际资料处理表明,反演结果与测井解释数据相吻合,证明了该方法能够稳定可靠地从方位叠前地震资料中获取各向异性特征参数,减小参数估算的不确定性,为非均匀正交介质的各向异性预测提供了一种高可靠性的地震反演方法. 相似文献
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在裂缝诱导各向异性理论研究中通常使用等效HTI介质来近似多组裂缝所引起的综合效应.由于构造运动的复杂性,多组裂缝普遍存在于地壳与油气储层中.为了研究多组裂缝的地震属性特征,分析常用的等效HTI模型对于多组裂缝近似精度及附加裂缝对介质属性特征的影响,本文利用线性滑移模型进行了多组垂直裂缝的单斜各向异性等效介质理论计算,并利用空间搜索方法求取与其最为接近的HTI介质各向异性弹性参数.重点研究了在两种各向异性介质中纵波速度、快慢横波速度和极化特征及其差异,量化分析附加裂缝对于地震属性如速度、极化方向和走时等的影响,研究对附加裂缝敏感的地震属性.此研究结果和方法为进一步研究多组裂缝的反演及识别方法提供基础,同时对于将高阶对称性各向异性介质中已存在的计算方法应用于低阶对称性时的适用程度、精度分析及相关方法研究具有重要作用. 相似文献
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Angle-domain common-image gathers (ADCIGs) can provide an effective way for migration velocity analysis and amplitude versus angle analysis in oil–gas seismic exploration. On the basis of multi-component Gaussian beam prestack depth migration (GB-PSDM), an alternative method of directly extracting multiwave ADCIGs is presented in this paper. We first introduce multi-component GB-PSDM, where a wavefield separation is proceeded to obtain the separated PP- and PS-wave seismic records before migration imaging for multiwave seismic data. Then, the principle of extracting PP- and PS-ADCIGs using GB-PSDM is presented. The propagation angle can be obtained using the real-value travel time of Gaussian beam in the course of GB-PSDM, which can be used to calculate the incidence and reflection angles. Two kinds of ADCIGs can be extracted for the PS-wave, one of which is P-wave incidence ADCIGs and the other one is S-wave reflection ADCIGs. In this paper, we use the incident angle to plot the ADCIGs for both PP- and PS-waves. Finally, tests of synthetic examples show that the method introduced here is accurate and effective. 相似文献
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IntroductionMoreandmoreevidencesshowthatstratapropertiesareanisotropic.Itisveryimportanttoutilizegeophysicalwaystouncoverthepropertiesofstratainpetroleumsurveyandcoalbedmethaneexplorationaswellasearthquakeforecasting.Becauseofdetectablecharacteristicsofseismicvelocityanisotropy,itissuccessfulinpastyearsthatlayersareshiftedcorrectlytotheoriginalpositioninmigrationprocessionofseismicwaves.Anewwayofdirectinversionofstrataelasticparametersisputforthinthepaper.Itusesmultiple-wavesdatatodiscoverorp… 相似文献
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裂缝密度是评价裂缝性储层的重要参数. 本文提出一种利用各向异性梯度计算裂缝密度的新方法,即运用裂缝介质等效理论将高陡倾角裂缝介质等效为横向各向同性介质,得到裂缝介质AVO响应特征,从而得到裂缝介质的各向异性梯度,之后由该梯度与裂缝密度的关系得到裂缝介质的裂缝密度. 实际处理中可以根据地震数据直接求取裂缝介质的各向异性梯度,最后求取裂缝介质的裂缝密度. 模型试算表明, 该方法能得到裂缝介质准确的裂缝密度. 反演结果与初始模型基本一致验证了该方法的正确性; 另外地震记录添加一定的信噪比后也能反演得到准确的裂缝密度,证明了该方法的稳定性. 相似文献
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地应力是评价页岩气储层是否可压裂成网的重要参数.利用地震资料进行地应力参数预测可以根据水平应力差异比(DHSR,Differential Horizontal Stress Ratio)值大小来判断.现阶段计算水平应力差异比主要基于具有对称轴的横向各向同性介质理论,即HTI介质假设,欠缺对页岩中实际大量存在的VTI特征的考虑.本研究同时考虑页岩气地层VTI和HTI特征的作用,利用正交各向异性介质岩石物理关系,推导出水平应力差异比与弹性参数及各向异性参数之间的关系.首先,在分析应力应变本构方程的基础上,对正交各向异性介质(OA)的本构方程进行推导,通过胡克定律一般形式获得正交各向异性介质的应力和应变关系;其次,利用该应力和应变关系推导出最大水平应力、最小水平应力和水平应力差异比与地层弹性参数和各向异性参数的关系并定义了参数正交各向异性水平应力差异比(ODHSR,Orthorhombic Differential Horizontal Stress Ratio);最后,对正交各向异性水平应力差异比ODHSR与具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性介质的DHSR进行了对比,证明了本文的正交各向异性水平应力差异比(ODHSR)计算公式. 相似文献
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Based on the long-wavelength approximation, a set of parallel vertical fractures embedded in periodic thin interbeds can be regarded as an equivalent orthorhombic medium. Rock physics is the basis for constructing the relationship between fracture parameters and seismic response. Seismic scattering is an effective way to inverse anisotropic parameters. In this study, we propose a reliable method for predicting the Thomsen’s weak anisotropic parameters and fracture weaknesses in an orthorhombic fractured reservoir using azimuthal pre-stack seismic data. First, considering the influence of fluid substitution in mineral matrix, porosity, fractures and anisotropic rocks, we estimate the orthorhombic anisotropic stiffness coefficients by constructing an equivalent rock physics model for fractured rocks. Further, we predict the logging elastic parameters, Thomsen’s weak parameters, and fracture weaknesses to provide the initial model constraints for the seismic inversion. Then, we derive the P-wave reflection coefficient equation for the inversion of Thomsen’s weak anisotropic parameters and fracture weaknesses. Cauchy-sparse and smoothing-model constraint regularization taken into account in a Bayesian framework, we finally develop a method of amplitude variation with angles of incidence and azimuth (AVAZ) inversion for Thomsen’s weak anisotropic parameters and fracture weaknesses, and the model parameters are estimated by using the nonlinear iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) strategy. Both synthetic and real examples show that the method can directly estimate the orthorhombic characteristic parameters from the azimuthally pre-stack seismic data, which provides a reliable seismic inversion method for predicting Thomsen’s weak anisotropic parameters and fracture weaknesses. 相似文献
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改进BISQ(Biot-Squirt)机制在不引入特征喷流长度的情况下,将含流体孔隙介质中Biot流动和喷射流动两种重要的力学机制有机地结合起来,且各相关参数具有明确物理意义和可实现性.本文将改进BISQ机制一维孔隙流体压力公式推广到三维具有水平对称轴横向各向同性介质(HTI介质)情况,结合裂缝各向异性理论,给出了基于改进BISQ机制的双相HTI介质模型及其二维三分量波传播方程,采用伪谱法求解该方程,进行了不同相界、不同频率以及双层地质结构情况下该类介质中波场的数值模拟与特征分析.数值模拟结果表明:伪谱法模拟精度高,压制网格频散效果好,可以得到高精度的波场快照和合成记录;基于改进BISQ机制的双相HTI介质模型兼具裂缝各向异性特征和孔隙弹性特征,其为从双相各向异性理论角度深入研究裂缝性储层的地震响应奠定了理论基础. 相似文献
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弱各向异性介质中的P-SV波近似反射系数计算 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
We introduce the Thomsen anisotropic parameters into the approximate linear reflection coefficient equation for P-SV wave in weakly anisotropic HTI media. From this we get a new, more effective, and practical reflection coefficient equation. We performed forward modeling to AVO attributes, obtaining excellent results. The combined AVO attribute analysis of PP and PS reflection data can greatly reduce ambiguity, obtain better petrophysical parameters, and improve parameter accuracy. 相似文献
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Prestack depth migration of multicomponent seismic data improves the imaging accuracy of subsurface complex geological structures. An accurate velocity field is critical to accurate imaging. Gaussian beam migration was used to perform multicomponent migration velocity analysis of PP- and PS-waves. First, PP- and PS-wave Gaussian beam prestack depth migration algorithms that operate on common-offset gathers are presented to extract offset-domain common-image gathers of PP- and PS-waves. Second, based on the residual moveout equation, the migration velocity fields of P- and S-waves are updated. Depth matching is used to ensure that the depth of the target layers in the PP- and PS-wave migration profiles are consistent, and high-precision P- and S-wave velocities are obtained. Finally, synthetic and field seismic data suggest that the method can be used effectively in multiwave migration velocity analysis. 相似文献
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对于薄互层地震传播特征的研究我们已有了充分的认识,这是一种完全不同于现有的基于厚层单阻抗差界面地震反射理论的、具有频率依赖性的调谐反射.因而也使得对具有N层结构的弹性介质薄互层反演时,现有有限带宽的基于空间-频率域采样的地震观测难以规避多解性问题.长波长假设下的薄互层VTI近似似乎可以为我们提供一种待反演弹性参数只有5个的可行性方案,使得我们可以将薄互层背景下任一目标薄层的反演看作VTI厚层介质背景下单薄层的反演.但是,我们首先面临薄互层VTI近似的误差和适用性条件等问题;其次,既使对于单薄层厚度的反演,目前地震领域也未能提供一种通用有效的解决方案,实际地震勘探中薄层厚度的预测依然是一个悬而未决的难题.因此在此基础上再进行单薄层的物性参数、裂缝隙和流体的预测则更叠加了难以预知的多解性.显然单纯P波已难以应对,弹性波的介入成为必然;而且单薄层含裂缝与流体的预测更需要横波分裂和双相介质理论的支撑.可以预见的是,除了纵、横波速度,薄互层反射系数的频率依赖性是我们试图给出相对可靠的、单薄层物性精细刻画必须使用的一种重要地震属性. 相似文献
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Elastic wave inverse scattering theory plays an important role in parameters estimation of heterogeneous media. Combining inverse scattering theory, perturbation theory and stationary phase approximation, we derive the P-wave seismic scattering coefficient equation in terms of fluid factor, shear modulus and density of background homogeneous media and perturbation media. With this equation as forward solver, a pre-stack seismic Bayesian inversion method is proposed to estimate the fluid factor of heterogeneous media. In this method, Cauchy distribution is utilized to the ratios of fluid factors, shear moduli and densities of perturbation media and background homogeneous media, respectively. Gaussian distribution is utilized to the likelihood function. The introduction of constraints from initial smooth models enhances the stability of the estimation of model parameters. Model test and real data example demonstrate that the proposed method is able to estimate the fluid factor of heterogeneous media from pre-stack seismic data directly and reasonably. 相似文献