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1.
地震构造是强震发生的必要基础,强震的孕育和发生与构造密切相关。强震的孕育和发生不仅与震中周围构造有关,而且与孕震区所在的整个构造带有关。这就表明整个构造带的地震活动性与未来强震都有关联,因此,我们在做测震学参数异常预测地震时,必须考虑整个构造带的地震活动。过去我们常以震中周围地区的地震活动资料来做测震学参数的异常分析,可能会丢失部分信息。本文进行了地震构造分区和构造单元的划分,把加卸载响应比参数和张家口一渤海边界带有机结合,对基于活动地块边界带的加卸载响应比参数在海城地震预测中的应用进行了研究,结果预测效果很好。这种方法对边界带的地震危险性判定有某种参考价值。  相似文献   

2.
强震的孕育和发生不仅与震中附近构造有关,而且与孕震区所在的整个构造带有关,因此在利用测震学参数异常预测地震时必须考虑整个构造带的地震活动.过去以震中周围地区的地震活动资料来做测震学参数的异常分析,可能会丢失部分信息.本文进行了地震构造分区和构造单元的划分,以D、C、Mf值和河套断陷边界带的结合为例,对基于活动地块边界带的测震学参数预测地震进行了探索,结果对河套断陷边界带发生的4次6级地震预测效果很好.  相似文献   

3.
薛丁 《高原地震》2007,19(4):16-19
以金沙江-红河边界带和反映地震活动空间集中度C值的结合为例,对基于活动地块边界带的测震学参数强震预测进行了探索,结果对丽江地震预测效果很好。这对边界带的地震危险性判定有某种参考价值。  相似文献   

4.
由中国科学家提出的"中国大陆强震受控于活动地块运动与变形"的假说,不仅可用于解释中国大陆强震的空间分布,同时基于其理论和定义可将中国大陆划分为6个Ⅰ级活动地块和22个Ⅱ级活动地块。活动地块之间的边界带往往由活动构造带组成,一般宽约几km至百余km,是强烈地震的多发区。活动地块假说指出,已发生的近100%的8级以上强震、约80%的7级以上强震震中均位于地块边界带上。近年来,中国大陆几次7级以上强震也都发生在活动地块边界带,这不仅验证了活动地块假说的理论模型,同时还预测了未来强震就发生在活动地块边界带内某些有利于应力集中的部位。活动地块假说经过近20a的发展,已建立并逐步完善了其理论框架,奠定了中国活动构造与强震预测的理论基础,正推动着强震预测由概率预测向物理预测过渡。但就活动地块的概念和理论框架而言,还存在的诸多问题需进一步回答和解释。众所周知,强震是活动地块边界带特殊构造部位应变逐渐积累、介质突发失稳和能量释放的结果,地震预测的突破性进展需要建立在充分理解其整个物理过程的基础之上。因此,以边界带断裂的活动性、现今的变形状态、深浅构造的耦合关系、强震孕育环境及震源物理模型为主要研究内容,开展针对活动地块边界带强震活动机理与预测的研究,是活动地块理论完善和研究未来关注的重要内容和重要科学问题。  相似文献   

5.
基于构造的测震学参数在鲁东-黄海地块的应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
以基于构造的测震学参数分析为思路,利用地震构造分区和地质构造单元的划分结果,检验了基于活动边界带的测震学参数方法的可行性;将活动地块内部(地质构造复杂且地震活动频繁)构造单元与测震学参数相结合,研究中强震前震源区所在的构造单元测震学参数的变化特征,提取具有中期预测意义的震兆标志,为中强震的预测提供理论依据。结果显示:中强地震前,郯庐断裂带(鲁东-黄海地块西边界带)及扬子地块(鲁东-黄海地块内部构造单元)D、C值异常过程明显,且各有特点,证明了基于活动地块内部构造单元的测震学参数方法具有良好的可行性。  相似文献   

6.
鄂尔多斯地块及其周缘地区的地震动力学和强震危险性研究,是检验和发展活动地块理论的理想场所。近年来,伴随青藏高原动力学研究视角的不断扩大,逐渐成为国内外新的地学研究热点。项目以"丝绸之路"经济带东端、我国重点强震危险区之一的鄂尔多斯活动地块为研究对象,构建活动地块及边界带三维深浅结构和构造变形模式,建立适用于板块内部的强震孕育动力学模型,完善大陆强震孕育和发生的活动地块理论,研发具有物理意义的时间相关强震预测理论模型,提出地震危险性理论预测技术规程。我国科学家20世纪末提出的大陆强震受控于活动地块的理论,为中国大陆强震危险地点预测提供了重要理论指导,但是如何将该理论更好地应用于实际的强震危险性预测研究中,还需要进一步深入研究活动地块运动和变形如何控制边界带强震的孕育和发生过程。选择鄂尔多斯活动块为研究的目标区,重点开展以下几个方面的研究内容:地块边界带断裂活动习性与强震复发行为;地块及周缘现今三维地壳运动与应变分配;地块及边界带深部结构与深-浅构造耦合;活动地块理论完善与边界带强震危险性研究。项目执行两年来,在几个方面均取得了进展和初步成果,建立了主要边界带断裂强震复发行为模式,获得了地块及周缘不同类型现今三维地壳运动状态,建立了关键区域地块边界带深-浅构造耦合构造模型,开展了边界带强震危险性研究。  相似文献   

7.
胶东及其近海地震活动特征和近期趋势分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用测震学时空扫描方法。结合地质活动构造,对胶东及北部海域地震活动特征及近期地震活动趋势进行了分析研究。结果表明:该区4-5级地震有5a左右周期性,本区中等地震或外围强震前,地震活动性参数出现异常现象;据统计预测及地震学异常认为,该区近期仍有发生5级左右地震的可能。  相似文献   

8.
利用小震调制比法、动态空区法、震群链式活动轨迹交汇法和短期震中迁移带交汇法这4种地震活动时空图像动态监测方法,结合震源模式中震源和其它单元之间的差异性以及各调整单元、调整层、深浅构造之间的差异性对若干震例进行研究,发现应用不同时段多个异常区边界或空区边界或条带交汇可求得未来强震的位置。交汇法使地震的预报范围大大缩小,这对防震减灾有一定的现实意义。另外,交汇法不仅具有明确的物理基础,而且具有可操作性和普适性。只要异常边界比较正确,采用的又是动态监测方法,这种预测强震位置的思路和方法还可推广到其它各种地震活动性参数和前兆场的分析中。  相似文献   

9.
大同和张北地震震前地震活动异常对比研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
吕晓健  高战武  吴昊 《地震》2004,24(4):106-112
对1989年大同6.1级地震和1998年张北6.2级地震前,华北地区以及震中附近出现的长、中、短期地震活动异常进行了研究,结果表明,二次地震前有较多相似的地震活动异常出现,并且异常的空间位置也相似。分析认为,产生这些相似异常现象的原因是由于二次地震的孕育都与山西断陷带和张家口一渤海断裂带活动有关。震前短期阶段多次出现小震活动沿断裂带有序分布,表明强震前孕震构造控震能力增强。  相似文献   

10.
印度板块北边界地震活动和中国大陆地震   总被引:17,自引:8,他引:17  
本文研究了印度板块北边界地震活动与我国大陆地震活动的关系,给出了两者在时间起伏上的一致性,以及印度板块北边界兴都库会和缅甸两端点附近中深地震对中国大际强震活动所具有的前兆性和相关性。这些特点,对于中国大陆强震活动的预测,尤其是地震大形势预测是十分有意义的。文中还应用了中国大陆强震孕育发生的计算机模型的研究结果,讨论了强震活动的时空分布特征,对于理解中国大陆作为一个孕震系统在周围地质构造块体动力作用  相似文献   

11.
The hypothesis that strong earthquakes in China mainland are controlled by the movement and interaction of active-tectonic blocks was advanced by Chinese scientists, with the remarkable ability to encompass geological and geophysical observations. Application of the active-tectonic block concept can illustrate 6 active-tectonic block regions and 22 active-tectonic blocks in mainland China and its neighboring regions. Systems of active-tectonic block boundaries are characterized by a zone of decades or hundreds of strong earthquakes. One of the greatest strengths of the modern active-tectonic block hypothesis is its ability to explain the origin of virtually all the M8 and 80% M7 earthquakes on the main continent in eastern Asia. In other words, active-tectonic block boundary stands in strong causal interrelation with recurrence behaviors of strong earthquakes and thus, it is possible to predict an earthquake occurrence in principle. After nearly two decades of development and improvement, the active-tectonic block hypothesis has established its theoretical foundation for the active tectonics and earthquake prediction, and is promoting the transition from probabilistic prediction to physical prediction of strong earthquakes. The active-tectonic block concept was tested by application to a well-documented, high-frequent earthquake area, and was found to be an effective way of describing and interpreting the focal mechanism and seismogenic environment, but there are still many problems existing in the active-tectonic block hypothesis, which confronts with rigorous challenges. Future progress will continue to be heavily dependent on the high-precision synthetic seismogram, especially of critical poorly documented settings. It is well known that strong earthquakes occur anywhere in the interactions among the active-tectonic block boundaries where there is sufficient stored elastic strain energy driving fault propagation, and then releasing the stored energy. Therefore, future studies will focus on the mechanism and forecast of the strong earthquake activity in the active-tectonic block boundary zone, with fault activity within the active-tectonic block boundary zone, quantifying current crustal strain status, upper crust and deep lithosphere coupling relation, strong earthquake-generating process and its precursory variation mechanism in seismic geophysical model as the main research contents, which are the key issues regarding deepening the theory of active-tectonic block and developing continental tectonics and dynamics in the modern earth science.  相似文献   

12.
在对构造运动差异较大的柯坪块体和天山中部地区地震活动研究基础上,深入分析了这两个不同构造单元的中强地震活动对整体新疆地震形势的影响。不同构造环境下不同构造单元地震活动差异性很大。柯坪块体内构造运动强烈,它是新疆6级地震主要活动区之一。6级地震发生后的1年内,天山地震带是中强地震的主要响应区,在时间上具有短期预测意义。位于特殊构造环境的中天山地区地震少,地震强度低。4次5级地震后的1~3年,新疆地震活动呈明显增强趋势,中天山地区中强地震活动对周边地区中强地震活动会产生触发作用。  相似文献   

13.
岷山断块位于中国南北强震构造带的中段, 区域地质构造复杂, 活动断裂众多, 强震频发。 4条不同走向的活动断裂NE向龙门山构造带的茂汶断裂、 NWW向东昆仑断裂带的塔藏断裂、 近NS向的岷江断裂和NNW—NS向的虎牙断裂构成岷山断块的南北西东边界。 638—2017年该区域共发生了10次6级以上破坏性地震, 2017年九寨沟7.0级地震就是其中之一。 结合区域构造背景, 对岷山断块所发生的6级以上地震的发震构造特征、 地震活动特性进行归纳总结, 综合分析该区域地震地质特征及地震危险性, 得出以下认识: ① 地震分布空间分区特征显著, 破坏性强震发震构造多为活动性较强的岷山断块东西边界断裂, 震中位置多位于两组或多组活动断裂构造的交会或穿切部位; ② 地震分布时间特征表现为随着时间发展具有迁移回返和原地复发性等特点; ③ 岷山断块东西边界断裂破坏性地震的发生具有一定的时间关联性, 东边界虎牙断裂1973—2017年的地震序列为西边界岷江断裂1933—1960年地震序列约40年后的地震构造响应; ④ 未来岷山断块仍应是继续关注的强震潜在危险区, 岷江断裂中北段的强震潜在危险区是近期值得深入研究的地区之一。  相似文献   

14.
Introduction The northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang block has become the place with close attentions from geo-specialists at home and abroad for its significant tectonic movement and intensive seismicity. Quite a number of achievements have been obtained from the studies on geological structures and strong earthquake activities (DING, LU, 1989, 1991; GUO, et al, 1992, 2000; GUO, XIANG, 1993; HOU, et al, 1999; Tapponnier, et al, 1990; Gaudemer, et al, 1995). In the Development Program…  相似文献   

15.
Introduction ZHANG and ZHONG (1977), ZHANG, et al (1978) and ZHANG (1984) pointed out that Chinese mainland is divided into two parts by the NS-trending tectonic belt, i.e., the eastern area and the western area, and each area is divided into tectonic blocks by faults. In the eastern area, the faults are trending NNE and NNW, mainly NNE, and the long axis strike of blocks is nearly trending NS. In the western area, faults are trending NEE and NWW, mainly NWW, long axis strike …  相似文献   

16.
Many evidences indicate that the collision of two plates deformed strongly the crust of the SYR, and the deformation has been continued up to the present. In addition, the SYR is in the south segment of the South-North Seismic Zone of China, which is one of the regions in the Chinese mainland, where the seismic activity is very high, and the strong earthquakes frequently occurred. Since the 1970s, a series of large earthquakes with magnitude M>7.0 occurred in SYR, such as the 1970 Tongha…  相似文献   

17.
On the basis of summarizing the circulation characteristics and mechanism of earthquakes with magnitude 7 or above in continental China, the spatial-temporal migration characteristics, mechanism and future development trend of earthquakes with magnitude above 7 in Tibetan block area are analyzed comprehensively. The results show that there are temporal clustering and spatial zoning of regional strong earthquakes and large earthquakes in continental China, and they show the characteristics of migration and circulation in time and space. In the past 100a, there are four major earthquake cluster areas that have migrated from west to east and from south to north, i.e. 1)Himalayan seismic belt and Tianshan-Baikal seismic belt; 2)Mid-north to north-south seismic belt in Tibetan block area; 3)North-south seismic belt-periphery of Assam cape; and 4)North China and Sichuan-Yunnan area. The cluster time of each area is about 20a, and a complete cycle time is about 80a. The temporal and spatial images of the migration and circulation of strong earthquakes are consistent with the motion velocity field images obtained through GPS observations in continental China. The mechanism is related to the latest tectonic activity in continental China, which is mainly affected by the continuous compression of the Indian plate to the north on the Eurasian plate, the rotation of the Tibetan plateau around the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, and the additional stress field caused by the change of the earth's rotation speed.
Since 1900AD, the Tibetan block area has experienced three periods of high tides of earthquake activity clusters(also known as earthquake series), among which the Haiyuan-Gulang earthquake series from 1920 to 1937 mainly occurred around the active block boundary structural belt on the periphery of the Tibetan block region, with the largest earthquake occurring on the large active fault zone in the northeastern boundary belt. The Chayu-Dangxiong earthquake series from 1947 to 1976 mainly occurred around the large-scale boundary active faults of Qiangtang block, Bayankala block and eastern Himalayan syntaxis within the Tibetan block area. In the 1995-present Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, 8 earthquakes with MS7.0 or above have occurred on the boundary fault zones of the Bayankala block. Therefore, the Bayankala block has become the main area of large earthquake activity on the Tibetan plateau in the past 20a. The clustering characteristic of this kind of seismic activity shows that in a certain period of time, strong earthquake activity can occur on the boundary fault zone of the same block or closely related blocks driven by a unified dynamic mechanism, reflecting the overall movement characteristics of the block. The migration images of the main active areas of the three earthquake series reflect the current tectonic deformation process of the Tibetan block region, where the tectonic activity is gradually converging inward from the boundary tectonic belt around the block, and the compression uplift and extrusion to the south and east occurs in the plateau. This mechanism of gradual migration and repeated activities from the periphery to the middle can be explained by coupled block movement and continuous deformation model, which conforms to the dynamic model of the active tectonic block hypothesis.
A comprehensive analysis shows that the Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, which has lasted for more than 20a, is likely to come to an end. In the next 20a, the main active area of the major earthquakes with magnitude 7 on the continental China may migrate to the peripheral boundary zone of the Tibetan block. The focus is on the eastern boundary structural zone, i.e. the generalized north-south seismic belt. At the same time, attention should be paid to the earthquake-prone favorable regions such as the seismic empty sections of the major active faults in the northern Qaidam block boundary zone and other regions. For the northern region of the Tibetan block, the areas where the earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above are most likely to occur in the future will be the boundary structural zones of Qaidam active tectonic block, including Qilian-Haiyuan fault zone, the northern margin fault zone of western Qinling, the eastern Kunlun fault zone and the Altyn Tagh fault zone, etc., as well as the empty zones or empty fault segments with long elapse time of paleo-earthquake or no large historical earthquake rupture in their structural transformation zones. In future work, in-depth research on the seismogenic tectonic environment in the above areas should be strengthened, including fracture geometry, physical properties of media, fracture activity behavior, earthquake recurrence rule, strain accumulation degree, etc., and then targeted strengthening tracking monitoring and earthquake disaster prevention should be carried out.  相似文献   

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