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1.
洪湖浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系 总被引：20，自引：4，他引：16
为研究洪湖浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,于2008年3月(枯水期)及7月(丰水期)在洪湖进行采样分析。两次采样共鉴定有浮游植物6门46属95种,细胞丰度变化范围为2.00×10~5-284×10~5 cells/L。硅藻为两个季节绝对优势门类,其次为绿藻及蓝藻;主要种属为直链藻、脆杆藻、栅藻等.丰水期与枯水期浮游植物群落结构季节差异较大;在枯水期由于硅藻对水温和光照较好的适应能力使其处于优势门类;丰水期由于其他藻类对营养盐的竞争及水体中硅含量充足使得绿藻等生长同时硅藻能继续保持优势地位。主成分分析表明在洪湖富营养化水平及水体中离子类型、水体中物质组成和污染程度是影响浮游植物生长的三类主要因素;典范对应分析结果表明浮游植物群落结构与水温、溶解氧及悬浮物浓度相关。 相似文献
2.
应用16S rRNA基因末端限制性片段长度多态性技术和多元统计方法,探究了南京玄武湖浮游细菌群落结构的季节性变化,并找出了浮游细菌群落组成分布的主要影响因子.结果表明,玄武湖4个季节中夏季Invsimpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数最高,而春季最低.非度量多维尺度分析结果显示浮游细菌群落结构存在着明显的季节性变化.Mantel检验、典范对应分析、变量分割分析表明影响玄武湖细菌群落结构最显著的环境因子为温度,其次为pH.营养盐浓度对玄武湖细菌群落结构的影响不显著.总的来说,本研究将有助于更好地理解富营养化水体中的浮游细菌群落组成的季节变化规律. 相似文献
3.
崇明岛"闸控型"河网水体富营养化特征及其影响因素 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为研究崇明岛"闸控型"河网水体富营养化特征及其与环境因子的相互作用,以2010年各季节崇明岛河网水质数据为基础,探讨了环境因子与藻类的变化规律及其相互作用机制.结果表明:崇明岛河网水环境中营养盐水平较高,氮污染尤为严重.长江引水进入岛内河网水环境后,营养盐(除SiO3-Si)、Chl.a含量和营养状态都出现了明显的升高.与长江引水相比,河网内藻类群落Chl.a贡献比例的变化主要表现为硅藻比例的下降以及蓝藻和绿藻比例的上升.尽管水温、pH、浊度以及营养盐中的TN、TP、NO3--N、DOC的变化均与Chl.a含量显著相关,但藻类群落对环境因子的响应关系存在较大差异.蓝藻的增加主要与水温和TP含量的升高有关;绿藻与TN、NO3--N的关系最为密切;硅藻的变化只与浊度存在明显正相关,营养盐并不是硅藻生长的促进因子. 相似文献
4.
模拟湖泊系统构建了"沉积物-水-苦草(Vallisneria natans)"系统,应用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)法测定在沉水植物苦草不同生长时期沉积物表层微生物群落结构的变化,探讨沉水植物对沉积物中的微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,从苦草生长初期到旺盛期再到衰亡期,沉积物中有机质含量先下降后上升;总磷、有机磷、无机磷分别下降了8.97%、7.81%、10.28%;沉积物微生物的活性与总磷呈极显著负相关,在苦草生长初期和旺盛期,实验组的沉积物微生物活性大于对照组,而在衰亡期对照组的沉积物微生物活性略高于实验组;不同时期沉积物中微生物群落结构发生了明显变化,组成结构差异显著,微生物组成中细菌占主要成分(占微生物总量的76%~84%);细菌中革兰氏阳性菌占主要优势,且革兰氏阳性菌百分含量随苦草生长呈上升趋势,革兰氏阴性菌呈下降趋势;真菌的百分含量呈上升趋势. 相似文献
5.
长江中下游地区湖泊水和沉积物中营养盐的赋存、循环及其交换特征 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
回顾了有关长江中下游地区湖泊水、生物、沉积物中营养盐的迁移、转化、循环和交换等研究工作进展.典型湖泊的研究结果显示,历史上长江中下游地区湖泊的营养本底的确较高,处于中营养和富营养状态;人类活动在最近几十年中加快了这些湖泊的富营养化进程.长江中下游地区湖泊的治理不仅要重视外源污染的削减,也要重视湖泊内源污染的控制.长江中下游地区的浅水湖泊沉积物中,一般只有30％以下的磷是以较活跃的藻类易利用态存在的,表层沉积物通过吸附-解吸等交换作用对浅水湖泊水体中磷的浓度有较大的影响.长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物中的营养盐释放主要有静态和动态二种释放方式.前者是基于化学平衡条件下的水土界面扩散作用.决定其释放量大小的主要因子是孔隙水与上覆水之间的营养盐浓度差.后者是基于水动力扰动对水土界面物理破坏条件下的底泥悬浮释放作用.二种释放模式在浅水水体中都存在.无论是静态或动态,水土界面的氧化还原环境,铁、锰、铝等元素含量,都对释放有影响.动态释放能在短期内大大提高水体颗粒态营养盐的浓度.在动态释放的初期,将有效增加水体可溶性营养盐,但是如果沉积物中铁、铝等金属元素较丰富,水体中的溶解性营养盐将由于吸附等作用而沉淀至湖底,因此,这样的湖泊往往具有较强的自我净化能力.长江中下游地区绝大多数湖泊都属于这种类型的湖泊.用底泥疏浚方法来控制湖泊内源污染的方法只适用湖泊面积较小、还原环境强烈,或者沉积物中铁、锰含量较低、水体去除可溶性营养盐的能力较弱的水体.此外,长江中下游地区的浅水湖泊生态系统对富营养化也具有强烈的反馈作用.水华暴发期间蓝藻的暴发性生长能通过改变水体的pH而引发沉积物中磷释放数量的大幅增加,大量释放的营养盐反过来又会促使蓝藻的大量生长,从而加剧水华的暴发.研究显示污染相对较重的水域水体中营养盐的含量高,微生物的生物量及生产力也高,碱性磷酸酶的活性也高,水体营养盐的循环也就更快.这反过来又促使微生物生产力增加,营养盐循环更快,加剧富营养化的危害.今后的工作应该重点围绕生物参与下营养盐的迁移转化等方面开展工作. 相似文献
6.
为探究细菌群落组成对微囊藻水华腐败分解过程的响应,在太湖梅梁湾沿岸进行为期11 d的原位围隔实验,模拟蓝藻水华聚集分解过程,并监测了此过程中水体环境因子和细菌群落组成.结果表明,水体理化因子和细菌群落组成在微囊藻水华分解的过程中发生了显著变化.冗余分析显示细菌的群落组成与水体氧化还原环境(溶解氧或氧化还原电位)、pH值、浮游植物生物量和营养盐浓度(总磷、硝态氮浓度)密切相关.研究还发现了某些与微囊藻水华分解密切相关的特殊细菌类群,其中隶属于黄杆菌科(拟杆菌门)的一个类群在微囊藻厌氧分解的阶段占据显著优势,其功能有待于进一步研究. 相似文献
7.
亚热带大型河流型水库——富春江水库浮游植物群落及其与环境因子的关系 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
为了掌握富春江水库浮游植物群落特征,探寻其与环境因子的关系,于2006年1月至2007年12月,对其进行了20次采样调查.鉴定结果表明富春江水库共有浮游植物107种,浮游植物密度范围在0.21×10~5-3.01×10~7cells/L之间.浮游植物组成随季节变化有所不同,春季绿藻、隐藻、硅藻占优势,夏季蓝藻和硅藻占优势,秋冬季硅藻、隐藻占优势.浮游植物群落结构受水文条件的影响较大,浮游植物密度与水体温度呈显著正相关,与透明度在不同范围内表现出不同的相关关系;与TN、TP在不同范围内表现出不同的相关关系,与TN/TP及可溶性硅呈显著正相关.库区总氮和总磷浓度均很高,足够满足藻类生长需要;TN/TP较低,基本在8-30之间,说明氮磷含量不是富春江库区藻类生长的限制因子.水文季节性变化会明显地影响浮游植物群落结构和密度的季节性变化,特别是降雨、水温及水力滞留时间等因子是影响水库浮游植物群落结构及密度变化的主要因子. 相似文献
8.
大型通江湖泊水位不断变化,引起湖泊水域与洲滩湿地之间相互转化,造成湿地植物周期性淹没分解,影响水体营养物质循环和能量流动.本文以鄱阳湖典型湿地植物灰化薹草(Carex cinerascens)、蒌蒿(Artemisia 和虉草(Phalaris arundinacea)为研究对象,通过为期69d的室外模拟实验,探究3种植物腐烂分解对水环境因子和浮游植物生物量(以叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度表征)的影响.结果表明:(1)3种湿地植物的分解过程均为前期分解较快、后期缓慢,且蒌蒿分解率显著大于灰化薹草和虉草.(2)腐烂分解过程中,水体理化因子均发生了显著变化,如水体pH呈先降低后升高的趋势,且空白组pH显著高于其他实验组.浊度、营养盐浓度和高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))浓度均呈先升高后降低并逐渐稳定的变化趋势,且显著高于空白组,蒌蒿腐烂分解对水体pH、浊度、营养盐浓度和COD_(Mn)的影响最大.(3)灰化薹草组和虉草组Chl.a浓度均呈前期波浪式上升、后期逐渐稳定的变化趋势;蒌蒿组Chl.a浓度整体呈逐渐上升的趋势.水体浊度和营养盐浓度是影响浮游植物生长的主要因素. 相似文献
9.
太湖北部湖区水体中浮游细菌的动态变化 总被引：2，自引：7，他引：2
2003年1月-12月对太湖北部湖区8个采样点进行了每月1次、为期一年的水体中浮游细菌数量的测定,并同步对溶解性有机碳(DOC),总氮,总磷,叶绿素a和温度进行了测定,结果表明:浮游细菌数量存在明显的季前变化和空间差异,夏秋季浮游细菌数量比冬春季高,最高值出现在夏季的7月份,平均值为7．43×106cell／ml,最低值出现在3月份,平均值为3．14×106cells／ml,最低值与最高值差异达73％;污染严重的河口区浮游细菌数量明显高于湖心区,最高值出现在河口的6#点,平均值为5.51×106cells／ml,比湖心区最低值8#点高83．2％,并呈现从河口、湾内至湖心随水体污染程度减轻而逐步递减的趋势;浮游细菌数量与温度和浮游植物量显著相关．而与水体中营养盐无关,预示着太湖水体中的营养盐已处于较高的水平,不再是浮游细菌生长的限制因素,而来源于浮游植物的有机碳可能是其生长的重要碳源． 相似文献
10.
氨氮是地表水常见污染物,尤其在农业区域,氮类化肥的不合理施用会导致周边水体氮浓度迅速升高并保持较高水平.然而,当前对高氮水平下沉水植物腐败和附着氮循环微生物的影响尚不清楚.以轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)为研究用沉水植物,在实验室内模拟水体内8和16 mg/L氮浓度下轮叶黑藻腐解过程中营养盐释放及残体表面微生物氮循环功能基因丰度的变化.研究发现水体两种氮浓度下轮叶黑藻腐解过程中残体腐解及营养盐释放速率无显著差异;与对照相比,植物腐败初期水体内碳、磷浓度迅速增加,而溶解氧浓度及氧化还原电位迅速降低,随着时间的推移上述水质指标逐步恢复至初期状态(第146天);水体荧光溶解性有机质主要包括紫外类富里酸、可见类富里酸、色氨酸类蛋白质和酪氨酸类蛋白质等类型.在5个氮循环相关基因中,氮负荷增加对轮叶黑藻残体生物膜内amo A、napA和narG的丰度有显著影响.冗余分析表明氮循环基因丰度受水体总氮浓度的影响较小,与植物总有机碳含量和水体化学需氧量及溶解氧浓度存在相关性.研究结果表明虽然当前氮水平对植物腐败过程影响不大、对氮循环基因丰度有一定影响,但是对该水生植被(尤其是植物腐败初期)和农业退水排放的管理仍需加强,以降低其对水体的影响. 相似文献
11.
D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
12.
The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
13.
综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后，可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流，则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
14.
The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4. 相似文献
15.
16.
As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10
3
Poise 相似文献
17.
On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors. 相似文献
18.
地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。 相似文献
19.
Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
20.
在数据完整率达到95%的基础上,为进一步确保中国大陆构造环境监测网络GNSS基准站观测数据质量,选取2010—2020年全国基准站观测数据,采用TEQC软件进行质量检验,分类整理其中多路径效应计算结果呈典型特征的台站,结合观测环境状态,对多路径效应存在的区域性特征进行分析,发现除接收机天线周围发生遮挡外,硬件更换、台站周围地势差等因素,均对多路径效应产生不同程度的影响,可为建站选址和观测环境监测工作提供参考。 相似文献