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使用气相色谱质谱技术测定了青虾肌肉组织中的8种有机氯农药.包括六氯苯、氯丹、滴滴涕(ΣDDTs)、艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、七氯和灭蚁灵,对太湖和洞庭湖15个点位29组野士青虾样品的测定结果显示,青虾肌肉组织内残留的有机氯农药主要是六氯苯和滴滴涕,六氯苯含量为nd-13.2μg/kg(湿重),滴滴涕含量为0.790-5.82μg/kg(湿重),洞庭湖青虾肌肉中有机氯农药的含量略高于太湖青虾,两湖青虾肌肉残留有机氯农药在枯水期时的含量多数大于丰水期时的含量. 相似文献
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利用GC-MS测定了2010年5月至2011年4月巢湖4个采样点悬浮物中有机氯农药(OCPs)含量,分析了悬浮物中OCPs残留水平的时空变化及其组成特征,探讨了悬浮物中主要OCPs的可能来源与生态风险.结果表明:(1)巢湖悬浮物中共检出17种OCPs,分别为六六六类(HCHs)农药的4种异构体(α-、β-、γ-、δ-HCH)、滴滴涕类(DDTs)农药的两种母体(o,p'-、p,p'-DDT)和3种代谢产物(o,p'-、p,p'-DDE,p,p'-DDD)、六氯苯、七氯、艾氏剂、异艾氏剂、氯丹的两种异构体(α-、γ-chlordane)、硫丹-I和灭蚁灵.(2)巢湖悬浮物中∑OCPs含量为172.7±434.9 ng/g,其中∑HCHs含量为15.1±10.3 ng/g,∑DDTs含量为138.8±407.3 ng/g;DDTs在夏季污染水平达到最高;空间上,污染程度为:东部湖区西部湖区中部湖区.(3)DDTs在总OCPs中占有绝对优势,DDTs比例夏季最高而秋季最低;HCHs仅在秋季为主要污染物.(4)HCHs主要来源于近期林丹的非法使用;而DDT主要来源于工业DDT的使用,在春季可能存在DDT的非法使用;悬浮物中DDT的降解环境主要为有氧环境.(5)巢湖悬浮物中p,p'-DDT和o,p'-DDT会对水生生物产生潜在的不利影响. 相似文献
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鄱阳湖周溪湾沉积物中有机氯农药和多环芳烃的垂直分布特征 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过分析鄱阳湖周溪湾柱状沉积物中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多环芳烃(PAHs)的垂直分布特征,初步探讨该区OCPs和PAHs的污染历史.结果表明,周溪湾柱状样中OCPs总含量范围在40.4~174.1 ng/g(dw)之间,六六六(HCHs)是其主要影响的化合物(16.5~153.6 ng/g(dw)),其次为氯丹类(Chlordanes)和滴滴涕类(DDTs),含量分别为3.4~44.0和1.0~33.4 ng/g(dw).垂直分布特征显示:沉积相上OCPs的残留量比实际使用情况向后推迟10~20年,1950s 1990s OCPs曾被大量使用,到2000年左右在沉积物残留上达到顶峰,随后残留量逐渐降低;而近20年来,该区已经鲜有新的HCHs、Chlordanes以及DDTs输入.PAHs总含量范围为41.3~384 ng/g(dw),芘和菲的含量最高,分别为17.1~67.1和2.68~139 ng/g(dw).垂直分布特征显示,1972年以前,PAHs总含量变幅不大,然而近10年来PAHs的排放量急剧上升.此外,自20世纪末开始,周溪湾区域PAHs的主要来源由以前的煤燃烧释放转化为交通污染排放,并伴随有石油泄漏情况. 相似文献
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采用GC-ECD对太湖表层沉积物中的有机氯农药含量进行了定性定量分析.太湖20个采样点均有不同程度的有机氯农药检出,16种有机氯农药总量为4.22-460.99ng/g(dw),北部湖区、潮心区以及沿岸区等均有高值点出现,与沉积物有机质含量、氮磷营养盐含量分布并不一致.检出率最高的有机氯农药组分为DDTs、HCHs.DDTs含量检出顺序为P,P'-DDT>P,P'-DDD>P,P'-DDE,说明环境中可能仍然具有DDT箱入特征;HCHs中?HCH,?HCH检出相当,怃-HCH检出较高,主要为早期残留.结合鼠伤寒沙门氏菌/哺乳动物微粒体酶系(Ames)试验研究太湖典型溯区表层沉积物中有机污染物的遗传毒性,初步确定可能的生态风险因子. 相似文献
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南极大型动物粪土层和蛋卵中有机氯污染物分布特征及生态学意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
新近从南极菲尔徳斯半岛和阿德雷岛的海鸟和海豹栖息地粪土层中检出持久性有机氯污染物(POPs)总含量范围: 多氯联苯(PCBs)为0.21~3.85 ng/g; 有机氯农药滴滴涕(ΣDDT)为0.09~2.01ng/g; 六六六(ΣHCH)为0.06~0.76 ng/g, 并以七氯、六氯联苯、P, P-DDE和α-HCH化合物为主体; 在贼鸥和巨海燕、企鹅蛋卵中检出POPs含量各为12.5~294.2和2.0~10.2 ng/g (湿重); 积蓄形式以PCB180, PCB153, P, P’-DDE和HCB和P, P’-DDE为主. 研究表明, 栖息地粪土层POPs含量变化与海鸟不同种群食性以及营巢占域的不同而相异; 对不同种类海鸟卵样的POPs数据进行统计分析, 结果显示不同鸟种POPs积累水平的差异取决于不同鸟种的生态习性, 如活动范围、迁徒距离、觅食习性以及巢址选择等, 最重要是海鸟生态食物链中的位置, 其食谱的宽窄, 同样表明海鸟体内POPs积累通过食物链逐渐加强的结果. 其次还对阿德雷岛地区AD1, AD2短柱粪土地层进行210Pb测年, 并进行POPs积累率及分子地层学记录的初步研究. 相似文献
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为了解白洋淀表层沉积物中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的污染情况,采用改进的GC-μECD方法对白洋淀11处沉积物进行了20种OCPs和全部209种PCB单体的定量检测和分析.结果显示:白洋淀11个沉积物样品共检出10种OCPs和24种PCBs,∑OCPs和∑PCBs的含量范围分别为1.22～52.45 ng/g(DW)和nd～37.61 ng/g,在国内处于中等水平; OCPs组成中以HCHs和Dieldrin(狄氏剂)为主,分别占到∑OCPs的39.9%和31.5%,其中7个采样点的HCHs以林丹输入为主,4个采样点以工业六六六污染为主.DDTs检出率较低,来源主要为历史残留;检出的PCB单体以低氯联苯为主,其中一氯、二氯和三氯联苯占∑PCBs的64.73%;采用沉积物质量标准法进行生态风险评估,结果表明白洋淀地区沉积物中p,p'-DDD和∑PCBs生态风险较低,Dieldrin生态风险尚需关注,γ-HCH生态风险较高,不容忽视. 相似文献
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Heskett M Takada H Yamashita R Yuyama M Ito M Geok YB Ogata Y Kwan C Heckhausen A Taylor H Powell T Morishige C Young D Patterson H Robertson B Bailey E Mermoz J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(2):445-448
Plastic resin pellets collected from remote islands in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans and the Caribbean Sea were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane and its degradation products (DDTs), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Concentrations of PCBs (sum of 13 congeners) in the pellets were 0.1-9.9 ng/g-pellet. These were 1-3 orders of magnitude smaller than those observed in pellets from industrialized coastal shores. Concentrations of DDTs in the pellets were 0.8-4.1 ng/g-pellet. HCH concentrations were 0.6-1.7 ng/g-pellet, except for 19.3 ng/g-pellet on St. Helena, where current use of lindane is likely influence. This study provides background levels of POPs (PCBs<10 ng/g-pellet, DDTs <4 ng/g-pellet, HCHs <2 ng/g-pellet) for International Pellet Watch. Sporadic large concentrations of POPs were found in some pellet samples from remote islands and should be considered in future assessments of pollutants on plastic debris. 相似文献
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Spatial and vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Daya Bay, South China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The spatial and vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has been investigated in Daya Bay, China. The concentration of total OCPs in surface sediment range from 16.66 to 44.04ng/g dry weight with a mean concentration of 26.60ng/g. DDTs and HCHs were the predominant species. The ratios of (DDD+DDE)/DDT reflected a cocktail input pattern of fresh and weathered DDTs. The predominant alpha-HCH and the alpha/beta-HCH ratios indicated that the technical HCH contamination was mainly due to historical usage, although there was fresh input of lindane. The variation profiles of concentrations showed that OCPs were extensively applied between the late 1950s and early 1980s in China. A recent increasing trend in concentrations of DDTs and HCHs was found in both cores. The increasing ratios of (DDE+DDD)/DDT with corresponding decreases of DDE/DDT ratio implied that most of the DDTs deposited after their production ban were more likely "weathered" DDTs derived from soil residues. 相似文献
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Geographical distribution and accumulation features of organochlorine residues in bivalves from coastal areas of South Korea 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
Kim SK Oh JR Shim WJ Lee DH Yim UH Hong SH Shin YB Lee DS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):268-279
As a part of Mussel Watch Program in Korea, the contamination levels and accumulation features of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were assessed for 82 bivalve samples collected from 66 sites along the entire coast of Korea. The dry weight based ∑PCBs and ∑OCPs ranged from 4.4 ng g−1 to 422.0 ng g−1 (geometric MEAN=36.9 ng g−1) and from 9.95 ng g−1 to 131.37 (34.88) ng g−1, respectively. PCB was predominant in Korean coast, followed by DDTs, HCHs, and Chlordanes. From the observed log normal distribution of PCB and each OCP, low- and high-levels were defined as geometric mean ±1 S.D., respectively. The levels at the sites near urban and/or industrial areas often exceeded the high-levels and the spatial distributions of ∑DDTs and ∑CHLs were correlated with that of ∑PCBs, indicating terrestrial input pathways. Even distribution of ∑HCHs suggested a possibility of atmospheric input pathway of HCHs. The observed isomer ratios of DDTs, HCHs, and CHLs indicated that aging has occurred. 相似文献
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Organochlorine contamination (PCBs, DDTs, HCB, HCHs) in sediments from Cienfuegos bay, Cuba 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The spatial distribution of various organochlorinated compounds, e.g. PCBs, DDTs, HCB and HCHs, were investigated in sediments from Cienfuegos bay, Cuba. Their concentrations appeared to be relatively low by global standards and only sediments receiving the impact from the residual waters of the city and thermoelectrical power approached the sediment quality guidelines for PCBs and DDTs. Relatively higher ΣDDT concentrations and high DDT/DDE + DDD ratios in two sites near the outfalls of the city indicated a current DDT usage, probably linked to public health emergencies. These results contribute to the sparse regional database for organochlorinated compounds in the Caribbean marine environment. 相似文献
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Huasheng Hong Weiqi Chen Li Xu Xinhong Wang Luoping Zhang 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,39(1-12):376-382
Samples of surface sediment and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were collected from the Pearl River estuary, China, and the distribution and concentration of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), DDTs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were extensively studied. The concentration ranges of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in the sediments were 0.28–1.23 ng g−1, 1.36–8.99 ng g−1 and 0.18–1.82 ng g−1, respectively. The concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in the SPM varied both with the sampling locations and the season of collection. Higher concentrations were recorded in the SPM as compared with sediments. The distribution pattern of such organochlorine compounds (OCs), in the Pearl River estuary, showed that sources were some major river mouths and input from Shenzhen Bay. The concentrations of OCs were, however, low as compared with other estuaries and seas. The environmental fate of the OCs during estuarine mixing was determined, in part, by physicochemical and biochemical properties. The absorption and sedimentation of SPM were also considered important factors. Marine sediments may, therefore, be regarded as an important reservoir of hydrophobic and persistent OCs. 相似文献
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《Marine pollution bulletin》2013,77(1-2):52-60
Thirty-five surface sediment samples collected from Beibu Gulf and its tributary rivers, China were analyzed for DDTs, HCHs and chlordanes. Total concentrations of DDTs, HCHs and chlordanes in sediments ranged from 0.59 to 126 ng g−1, ND to 2.65 ng g−1 and 0.27 to 3.41 ng g−1 based on dry weight (dw), respectively. Concentrations of DDTs were higher than those reported in the sediments from other regions of the world, while concentrations of HCHs and chlordanes were relatively low. High concentrations of DDTs were observed in the harbor region and aquaculture bases and high concentrations of HCHs were found in the Qin River Estuary. The ratios of (DDE + DDD)/DDTs reflected a mixed input of weathered and fresh DDTs. The predominant β-HCH indicated that HCHs in the study area mainly originated from the historical usage of technical HCH. The residues of DDTs would pose adverse biological effects on the study area. 相似文献
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The occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in crabs Hepatus pudibundus and Callinectesdanae was assessed from two different places inside of the Santos Bay and Moela Island near one of the most economically important metropolitan areas in Southern Brazil. Among POPs analyzed, ∑PCBs (222-923 ng g(-1)lipid weight) and ∑DDTs (154-410 ng g(-1)lw) exhibited the highest concentrations in the crabs. ∑HCHs ranged from 10.3 to 30.9 ng g(-1)lw and were found in all individuals. Other OCPs found in lower concentration was Mirex (7.6-41.6 ng g(-1)lw) and HCB (5.83-16.9 ng g(-1)lw). ∑PBDEs (24.1 ng g(-1)lw) were only found in one male individual from the species C. danae collected near to the submarine sewage of Santos. Male crabs showed higher POP concentrations than female crabs for those two species. 相似文献
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Organochlorine pesticides in sediments of Laizhou Bay and its adjacent rivers, North China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Organochlorine pesticides (HCHs, DDTs and HCB) have been investigated in sediments of Laizhou Bay and its adjacent rivers. The average concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and HCBs are 0.09 ng/g dw, 0.59 and 0.05 for marine sediments and 0.55, 8.6 and 1.1 for riverine sediments, respectively. Laizhou Bay is less contaminated by HCHs and DDTs in comparison with other coastal regions around the world, including the other two biggest bays in Bohai Sea. Fresh input of lindane and dicofol-type DDT were found in several riverine sites. Relatively strong TOC-dependence of HCB distribution in the entire studied area suggested no point source existed and/or water-sediment equilibrium achieved. No significant difference of α/γ-HCH ratios have been observed between marine and riverine sediments. However, o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT ratios varied largely between the two regions. 相似文献
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Persistent organochlorine compound concentrations were determined for 23 surface sediment samples collected from Alexandria Harbor, Egypt. Total PCB concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 1210 ng/g with four to seven Cl-substituted biphenyls being the most prevalent PCBs congeners. Different PCB congener distribution patterns were observed, probably reflecting different inputs and attenuation at various locations. Total DDT concentrations varied from <0.25 ng/g to 885 ng/g. The ratios of DDTs (2,4′- and 4,4′-DDT)/total DDTs (DDTs plus metabolites) in sediment samples from certain sites were 0.86 or higher, indicating little attenuation or recent input of DDT. Total chlordane (the sum of heptachlor and its epoxide, oxy-, γ- and -chlordane and cis+trans-nonachlor) ranged from <0.25 to 44 ng/g with the highest concentration found in the Arsenal Basin. The geographic distributions of PCBs, total DDTs and total chlordane were similar. Chlorinated benzenes (CBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, chloropyrifos, endosulfan, mirex and pentachloroanisole were below detection limits or detected at low concentrations in most of the samples. Sites that were contaminated with high concentrations of organochlorine compounds were associated with dense population and low energy environment. The contamination levels of PCBs, total DDTs and total chlordane were in high range compared to other locations worldwide. 相似文献