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1.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(2)
为了解电法勘探、地震勘探及重力勘探在吉利岩溶塌陷区应用的可行性,本研究分别对该区的土层及岩石进行分类采样,利用对称小四极,单孔地震纵波波速测试及环刀法分别对土层及岩石的样品进行电阻率、纵波波速及密度测试分析,结果表明充气土洞、充气溶洞与相应的围岩介质电阻率差异最大(∞),完整灰岩与充水溶洞的电阻率差异次之(14022.46Ω·m),粉质粘土与耕植土的电阻率差异最小(28.33Ω·m);完整灰岩与充气溶洞密度差异最大(2.64 g/cm3),裂隙或破碎灰岩与充气溶洞密度差异次之(2.30 g/cm3),含碎石粉质粘土与粉质粘土密度差异最小(0.07 g/cm3);完整灰岩与充气溶洞波速差异最大(3660 m/s),裂隙或破碎灰岩与充气溶洞波速差异次之(3460 m/s),完整灰岩与裂隙灰岩波速差异最小(200 m/s).土层、岩石及异常体之间的物性差异明显,适合开展电法、地震及重力勘探,另外,本研究还总结出吉利岩溶塌陷区耕植土、粉质粘土、碎石土、裂隙灰岩和完整灰岩的电阻率、弹性波速、物质密度的范围值、平均值、常见值、标准值,为岩溶塌陷区地球物理综合方法解释提供了可靠依据. 相似文献
2.
超高压榴辉岩通常显示了强塑性变形和地震各向异性特征. 对实验和天然变形超高压榴辉岩中主要矿物的地震波速性质及其变形晶格优选方位(CPO)与榴辉岩地震波速和各向异性之间的成因关系研究结果表明: (1) 除石榴石表现为近地震波速各向同性外, 榴辉岩中其他矿物都具有强地震各向异性(AVp = 23.0%~40.9%, Max. AVs = 18.5%~47.1%), 是造成榴辉岩地震各向异性的主要来源矿物, 石榴石和金红石的平均地震波速相对较高, 绿辉石和柯石英中等, 石英最小; (2) 变形榴辉岩最大纵波波速(8.33~8.75 km/s)方向近平行变形线理或面理, 最小纵波波速(8.25~8.62 km/s)近垂直线理或面理, 纵波波速各向异性1.0%~1.7%, 平均横波波速4.93~4.97 km/s, 其各向异性在同时与线理和面理成近45°方位接近最大(0.73%~1.78%), 在面理面上接近垂直线理方位达到最小, 横波快波极化取向近平行面理. 超高压峰值变质条件(3~5 GPa, 900~1100℃)下榴辉岩地震纵波和横波波速预计比常温常压下分别高出3.4%~7.2%和6.3%~12.1%; (3) 绿辉石矿物组分主导了榴辉岩各向异性基本特征, 而石榴石矿物组分则起到了降低榴辉岩各向异性程度和增加地震波速的作用, 石英矿物组分对榴辉岩地震各向异性影响不大但可以一定程度上降低榴辉岩的地震波速, 金红石矿物组分的作用基本可以忽略; (4) 榴辉岩地震波速在纯石榴石岩中最大但各向异性接近于零, 随绿辉石含量的增加, 地震波速逐步降低, 各向异性逐步升高, 纯绿辉石岩比纯石榴石岩地震波速低6%~8%, 而各向异性则达到3%~4%. 根据榴辉岩组成矿物的单晶弹性性质和变形CPO计算的榴辉岩地震物性与前人实测结果基本相当. 研究成果获得了超高压变形榴辉岩的三维地震物性资料和相关的矿物物理成因解释. 相似文献
3.
利用高压三轴容器,对华北地区九种典型岩石的密度和弹性波速度随压力的变化关系进行了实验研究。实验的最高压力达到10,500巴。实验中利用电阻应变片测量岩石的体积变化从而得到密度的变化。用高频脉冲法测量了弹性波速度。由得到的密度参数和波速参数计算出高压下岩石的声阻抗。根据体应变和波速随压力变化的曲线估算了岩石的体积模量,裂纹孔隙度,裂纹闭合压力,波速达到稳定变化时的压力以及波速达到稳定变化时的值与常压下的波速值的差。对这些参数在地学及爆破工程上的应用进行了简单的讨论。 相似文献
4.
为了解水库水体加、卸载及渗透过程中,库底岩石介质有效应力变化对弹性波速的影响,以及弹性波速变化与孔隙压力、有效应力变化之间的定量关系,以四川省紫坪铺水库为例,在前期已建立库区地质构造与水文地质结构模型,并推导出岩石介质变形与流体渗流耦合数学模型的基础上,进一步建立了有效应力对岩石弹性波速影响的数学模型,利用有限元方法定量计算了库底岩石介质的孔隙压力、附加有效应力和弹性波速的变化。结果表明:在水库水体加、卸载及渗透过程中,地下岩石介质弹性波速增量值的变化并不明显,最大变幅仅为±0.013km/s,变化范围主要集中在库底5km以上的局部区域;弹性波速增量值与附加有效应力变化同步,与水库水位变化形态相似;不同观测点弹性波速变化量的大小与埋藏位置、深度及附加有效应力的变化幅度有关,同一观测点,弹性纵波波速变化幅度大于弹性横波波速。文中数值模拟的结果与一些学者通过环境噪声方法获得的紫坪铺水库附近区域相对波速变化的反演结果在变化形态上大体一致,但变化幅度略有差异。 相似文献
5.
砂岩和页岩的弹性波性质是通过地震资料推断储层物性和流体分布的基础.岩石波速测量常用超声波(105～106 Hz)脉冲法,低频岩石物理实验技术的发展为研究弹性波在岩石中的衰减和频散奠定了基础.本文系统总结了前人在高频和低频下测量砂岩和页岩弹性波性质的方法和实验结果,并结合矿物弹性性质和岩石物理模型,分析了压力、温度、矿物组成、孔隙结构、流体、频率等因素对岩石波速和衰减的影响.由于孔隙和微裂隙随压力增加而逐渐关闭,干燥砂岩和页岩的P波和S波速度在低压下随压力非线性增加,高于临界压力呈线性增加.干燥岩石样品的波速随温度增加而缓慢线性降低,频散效应可以忽略.而含流体砂岩和页岩的衰减和频散受温度、压力、流体饱和度、流体黏度、孔隙结构和频率等多种因素的影响,含流体砂岩和页岩的泊松比和逆品质因子Q-1显著高于干燥样品.低压下砂岩的波速与孔隙度负相关,而影响页岩波速的因素更为复杂,页岩的波速、衰减和频散的各向异性都高于砂岩.将跨频段岩石物理实验与数字岩石物理技术相结合,可为勘探地球物理的方法创新和资料解释提供可靠依据. 相似文献
6.
近年来发展起来的“孔隙、裂隙介质弹性波理论”提高了人们对实际岩石声学性质的模拟和预测的能力.作为对这一理论的实验验证和重要应用,我们将它用来模拟和解释岩石超声实验中测得的干燥和饱和岩石弹性波速度随压力的变化曲线.理论模拟的重要参数,如岩石的裂隙密度等是从实验数据反演得到的.结果表明：无论是孔隙度较高的砂岩,还是孔隙度很小的致密岩石,如花岗岩,该理论都能很好地描述岩石在干燥和饱和状态下纵、横波速度随压力的变化.造成波速变化的原因是岩石中裂隙在压力作用下的闭合和裂隙密度的减少.本文的结果还指出了将岩石裂隙密度作为描述岩石的重要物性参数,并给出了从实验室超声测量中确定这一参数的方法. 相似文献
7.
8.
中国地球物理学会于1982年11月28日至12月3日在上海召开了第一次岩石物理性质学术讨论会,参加会议的有来自全国各有关59个单位的代表80名。会上宣读了中国地球物理学会理事长顾功叙的书面发言,总结了过去,提出了方针。 会议分两个组(岩石电性、磁性组,弹性和其他物性组)进行学术交流,共宣读了论文41篇。论文表明:我国的岩石物性工作,近年来取得了可喜的进展。在磁性测量方法,岩、矿石磁性的影响因素以及 相似文献
9.
岩石中裂纹对弹性波速度的影响 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
本文在常温常压下,对岩石中的层理,裂纹或裂缝引起的弹性波速变化特征进行了实验研究,并通过简化的人工裂缝模型,研究了裂缝密度和相对位置的变化对波速的影响取得了一些有意义的结果。 相似文献
10.
岩石弹性各向异性特征是普遍存在的,但导致岩石弹性各向异性的原因复杂且仍然存在一定争议.本研究以龙马溪页岩为例,试图建立页岩弹性各向异性和矿物分布之间关系.研究使用无损超声波探测获取岩石弹性各向异性参数,并使用背散射技术获取岩石矿物分布特征.研究通过引进变异系数来描述矿物或孔裂隙在不同方向的差异性,并通过2个正交方向的变异系数建立微观异质性指标,用于表征微观尺度上矿物或孔裂隙在不同方向的差异程度.微观背散射图像显示,龙马溪组页岩主要由石英和伊利石构成,且这两种矿物和孔裂隙在X和Y面上都有定向排列特征.相应地,它们的变异系数在X面和Y面上均表现出随角度增大而降低的特征;而在Z面,石英、伊利石和孔裂隙变异系数变化不明显,这与Z面上矿物和孔裂隙无明显方向性的特点一致.无损超声波探测结果显示,波速在X和Y面上随角度增加而减小,这与主要矿物和孔裂隙变异系数变化趋势相同;而在Z面,波速变化不大,与主要矿物和孔裂隙变异系数变化不明显的特征一致.以上观测结果说明,宏观波速与矿物的微观变异系数明显相关,暗示岩石弹性各向异性与矿物分布直接相关. 相似文献
11.
Odin D. Christensen Regina A. Capuano Joseph N. Moore 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1983,16(1-2)
Chemical interaction of thermal fluids with reservoir rock in the Roosevelt Hot Springs thermal area, Utah, has resulted in the development of characteristic trace-element dispersion patterns. Multielement analyses of surface rock samples, soil samples and drill cuttings from deep exploration wells provide a three-dimensional perspective of chemical redistribution within this structurally-controlled hot-water geothermal system.Five distinctive elemental suites of chemical enrichment are recognized, each characteristic of a particular combination of physical and chemical conditions within the geothermal system. These are: (1) concentrations of As, Sb, Be, and Hg associated with siliceous material at locations of liquid discharge, fluid mixing or boiling; (2) concentrations of Mn, Ba, W, Be, Cu, Co, As, Sb and Hg in manganese and iron oxide deposits; (3) high concentrations of Hg in argillized rock near fumaroles and lower concentrations in a broad diffuse halo surrounding the thermal center; (4) concentrations of As in sulfides and Li in silicate alteration minerals immediately surrounding high-temperature fluid flow-controlling fractures; (5) deposits of CaCO3 at depth where flashing of brine to steam has occurred due to pressure release. The geochemical enrichments are not, in general, widespread, pervasively developed zones of regular form and dimension as are typical in many ore-forming hydrothermal systems.As the geothermal system develops, changes and eventually declines through time, the chemical deposits are developed, remobilized or superimposed upon each other, thus preserving within the rocks a record of the history of the geothermal system. Recognition of trace-element distribution patterns during the exploration of a geothermal system may aid definition of the present geometry and interpretation of the history of the system. 相似文献
12.
The exploration and production of North Sea oil and gas reserves has resulted in the accumulation of large quantities of drill cuttings on the seabed surrounding drill sites. This complex mixture of man-made and natural substances contains higher concentrations of certain metals (Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and hydrocarbons than are observed in background sediments. With decommissioning of older platforms underway, an evaluation of the environmental interactions and chemical fate of the drill cuttings accumulations is required.This review concentrates on contaminants within drill cutting accumulations in the Northern and Central North Sea (56 degrees N-62 degrees N). Present literature reviewed reveals that hydrocarbons within the cuttings piles remain relatively unchanged with time. A considerable proportion of the associated contaminants are likely to remain within the cuttings pile unless they are disturbed which will then increase exchanges of porewater and solids back to the seabed surface resulting in pathways of exposure for organisms. 相似文献
13.
A model, in which dissolved ions migrate through water films surrounding mineral grains to sites of reaction, predicts the geologically rapid occurrence of the gabbro-eclogite phase change in the earth's mantle at temperatures less than 600–800°C. In a water-undersaturated mantle, interstices within the rock can contain water vapor in equilibrium with small amounts of hydrous phases such as chlorite, tremolite or talc and in the presence of other gases such as CO2, at H2O pressures less than the lithostatic pressure of the rock. The solubility of ions in this interstitial water vapor is strongly dependent on pressure and is the rate-limiting process in the model; reaction occurs rapidly if the water pressure is at least 0.5–1 kbar. The 5 km of oceanic gabbroic crust can transform to eclogite upon subduction into the mantle at depths of several tens of kilometers, depending on the rate of heating of the descending crustal material and the nature of the minor hydrous phases present. The downward body force on the descending slab due to the eclogitization of oceanic crust is comparable to the downward forces associated with thermal contraction of the slab and the elevation of the olivine-spinel phase boundary. 相似文献
14.
H. Austrheim 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1987,81(2-3)
The granulite facies assemblages of the anorthositic rocks of the Bergen Arcs (stable at 800–900°C and 10 kbar) have been transformed to eclogite facies assemblages (stable at 700–750°C and 16–19 kbar) in the vicinity of Caledonian shear zones. This section of the root zone of the Caledonian mountain chain reveals a deep polymetamorphic crust where Precambrian granulites (mean density 3.02 g/cm3) and Caledonian eclogites (mean density 3.19 g/cm3) alternate on a scale of meters over a minimum area of 3 × 12 km. Detailed mapping of three localities shows that eclogites account for up to 30–45% of the rock volume. The stabilitization of the eclogite mineralogy is controlled by fluids penetrating these deep crustal shear zones. The eclogitization is independent of preexisting compositional variation in this anorthosite-norite complex. The Bergen Arcs example suggests that the amount of eclogite versus granulites in the lowermost crust is a function of deformation and fluid access, rather than being controlled byT, P and rock composition alone. These relationships may explain the gradual increase in seismic velocity observed in some deep crustal sections and also the complex reflection pattern obtained from the lowermost crust in many areas. 相似文献
15.
Eclogite, a high-pressure–temperature metamorphic rock characterized by garnet + omphacite, is usually considered to be a product of regional metamorphism under a low geothermal gradient. However, in the Sebadani area of the Sambagawa metamorphic belt most petrologists agree that the eclogite formed by localized contact metamorphism due to intrusion of a body in the solid-state (the Sebadani mass). This process is termed ‘high-pressure contact metamorphism'. However, geological considerations suggest that the effect of such a process would be limited, firstly because the speed of emplacement for solid-state material will generally be much lower than that for magma and secondly because in the solid-state there is no heat of fusion in the body available for thermal effects. Thermal modelling of a solid-state intrusion, based on the heat conduction equation, allows the relationship between size of intrusion, velocity of emplacement and thermal effects to be calculated. Two cases have been considered: (1) a hot model, where none of the heat conducted into the surroundings is lost during the rise of the body; and (2) a cold model where all the heat conducted into the surroundings is lost. These models bracket possible thermal histories of the body. Calculations suggest that in the Sebadani region, production of the observed metamorphic features requires unrealistically high velocity and a much larger intruded body than is observed. These conclusions suggest that it is unlikely that eclogite in the Sebadani area was formed by high-pressure contact metamorphism, but rather that it represents the highest-grade part of the regional Sambagawa metamorphism. 相似文献
16.
The eclogite fragments of the Tauern Window formed at pressures around 20 kbar and temperatures in the region 600–650°C; these pressures are higher by 10–12 kbar than those experienced by the units now surrounding the eclogite-bearing zone. The eclogites probably formed in a subduction zone prior to the main Austroalpine collision: downward shearing forces dominated over buoyancy forces in the subduction zone mélange, permitting the subduction of relatively light material to great depth. At the cessation of subduction this buoyant material returned to the surface, carrying eclogite blocks that were too small to sink rapidly through it. A similar mechanism could account for the emplacement of certain Alpine-type garnet peridotites. 相似文献
17.
Masaki Enami Jun‐Ichi Kimura Motohiro Tsuboi Yui Kouketsu Takayoshi Nagaya Shuaimin Huang 《Island Arc》2019,28(1)
Garnet grains in Sanbagawa quartz eclogites from the Besshi region, central Shikoku commonly show a zoning pattern consisting of core and mantle/rim that formed during two prograde stages of eclogite and subsequent epidote–amphibolite facies metamorphism, respectively. Garnet grains in the quartz eclogites are grouped into four types (I, II, III, and IV) according to the compositional trends of their cores. Type I garnet is most common and sometimes coexists with other types of garnet in a thin section. Type I core formed with epidote and kyanite during the prograde eclogite facies stage. The inner cores of types II and III crystallized within different whole‐rock compositions of epidote‐free and kyanite‐bearing eclogite and epidote‐ and kyanite‐free eclogite at the earlier prograde stage, respectively. The inner core of type IV probably formed during the pre‐eclogite facies stage. The inner cores of types II, III, and IV, which formed under different P–T conditions of prograde metamorphism and/or whole‐rock compositions, were juxtaposed with the core of type I, probably due to tectonic mixing of rocks at various points during the prograde eclogite facies stage. After these processes, they have shared the following same growth history: (i) successive crystal growth during the later stage of prograde eclogite facies metamorphism that formed the margin of the type I core and the outer cores of types II, III, and IV; (ii) partial resorption of the core during exhumation and hydration stage; and (iii) subsequent formation of mantle zones during prograde metamorphism of the epidote–amphibolite facies. The prograde metamorphic reactions may not have progressed under an isochemical condition in some Sanbagawa metamorphic rocks, at least at the hand specimen scale. This interpretation suggests that, in some cases, material interaction promoted by mechanical mixing and fluid‐assisted diffusive mass transfer probably influences mineral reactions and paragenesis of high‐pressure metamorphic rocks. 相似文献
18.
江西省瑞昌市港南金矿是上世纪八十年代发现的小型金矿床,前人称之为＂铁帽＂型。本文通过对以往勘查资料的进一步分析和野外调查,发现矿体受F1硅化破碎带及溶蚀侵蚀洼地控制,产于破碎带之上的溶蚀侵蚀洼地粘土层中,顶板较平整,底板随基岩侵蚀面的起伏而波动,初步认为属残积红土型金矿,矿区及外围具有进一步找矿的前景。 相似文献
19.
Due to the influence of volcanic rock or weathering crust coverage, the quality of deep seismic data is often not reliable and it is difficult to identify small deep buried hill structure beneath the cover. However, the gravity exploration technology can use the remarkable density differences between the object and the overlying strata to identify this special geological reservoir. Although recently several rounds of seismic exploration have been carried out in Raoyang depression, Huabei Oilfield, North China to determine the existence of Hu 8 north deep buried hill, whether the buried hill really exists or not as well as its scale is still in controversial. In this paper, based on the information of seismic data and formation density, deep processing of 3D high precision ground gravity data has been carried out for 3D forward and inversion computation. The dimensional gravity forward calculation results show that the density of the deep anomaly body forms a relatively low gravity anomaly in the earth's surface. By using the potential processing method of vertical second derivative, and sliding filtering, the residual anomaly is separated from regional or background field, which illustrates the existence of a local high gravity anomaly at Hu 8 north area. According to the amplitude of residual gravity anomaly and formation density difference modeling, through a number of 3D forward calculations and 3D inversion of gravity data, the existence of Hu 8 north buried hill and its possible scale are basically determined. The results prove that the 3D high precision gravity method is effective in determining the deep buried hill structure in case that seismic data is not reliable. 相似文献
20.
隧道围岩受地震荷载作用影响产生开裂变形,给交通、安全与经济带来极大影响,为提升隧道安全稳定性能,以某市隧道为对象,研究地震作用下深埋隧道围岩形变的数值模拟。综合考虑地震动作用与地震波扩散特性,利用FLAC软件构建三维动力模型;通过边界设置解决地震波反射问题,基于物理力学参数与地震荷载条件,通过相对变形法研究地震条件下深埋隧道围岩变形特性、能量聚集特性与安全性能。研究结果显示:深埋隧道围岩受地震荷载作用影响,形成挤让、椭圆化的变形走向;变形达到最高值时,应变能量密度高于2350 J/m^3的区域集中在隧道Ⅰ洞左侧围岩边墙和中夹岩柱上;各监测点安全系数呈非对称性,隧道右侧下角区域安全系数低于国家相关标准,计算结果与实际测量结果一致。 相似文献