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1.
结构动力模型试验相似理论及其验证   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
通过几何比尺为2的两个有机玻璃模型的结构动力试验,验证了结构动力模型试验的弹性相似律和弹性力一重力相似律。得到了以下结论:(1)大小模型频率符合相似律,一阶频率误差为2.7%、4.1%,二阶频率误差为O、6.05%。弹性相似律比弹性力一重力相似律更适合于频率预测的试验。(2)大小模型的加速度、应变符合相似律,弹性相似律的加速度误差为-1.55%~8.75%,应变误差为O.377%~7.297%。弹性力-重力相似律的加速度误差为3.07%~4.158%,应变误差为6.849%~12.959%。(3)不同相似律大小模型的时问比尺吻合很好。加速度与应变时程曲线的波形一致,既无漏峰也无错峰。  相似文献   

2.
人工质量在砖混结构振动台试验中的作用   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
通过组合墙片的拟静力试验和模型房屋的振动台试验,分析研究了人工质量模拟对砖混结构振动台试验的作用和影响。研究表明,重力对结构的弯曲刚度有较大影响,但不影响结构的剪切刚度。在主拉应力破坏的条件下,结构的破坏荷载随重力的增加而增大。提出了不完全模拟的人工质量模型应满足的相似条件及如何根据模型试验结果估计原型结构的抗震能力。  相似文献   

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在小比例尺钢筋混凝土结构模型地震模拟实验中,模型与原型间材料力学性能完全相似很难满足,致使难以正确模拟原型结构的非线性性态。依据普通混凝土和微粒混凝土力学性能实验,从动态相似的观点出发,建立原型与模型的等效动态相似关系,据此可在地震模拟模型实验中对原型结构的非线性性态进行动态模拟。通过地震模拟实验的数值模拟及反应偏差分析,验证此动态模拟实验方法的有效性。此外,小比例尺钢筋混凝土结构模型设计中通过调整配筋率、配箍率或者截面有效高度、箍筋间距等,对微粒混凝土和配筋的相似性协调进行考虑。通过简单的构件试验验证这种模型设计方法的有效性。这样,小比例尺钢筋混凝土模型将能很好地模拟原型结构的非线性性态。  相似文献   

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虽然关于一些重要参数值仍存在显著的不确定性,地学家们还一致认为断了从幂次律标度。将这些幂次律标度关系和地震幂次律标度关系结合起来可以用断层长度作为板内地震复发间的标度。  相似文献   

5.
确定更为精细的中国南海地区莫霍面对认识该地区内部结构、形成机制及相关动力学问题具有重要意义.重力剥离的精度直接影响莫霍面反演结果的质量.本文将由XGM2019e解算的自由空气重力扰动进行地形水深、沉积层、固体地壳密度异常和岩石圈热膨胀重力剥离,提取出莫霍面重力扰动,结合线性回归法和地震资料估计反演参数,并采用直接迭代法反演南海莫霍面模型,最后利用地震资料对反演结果进行精度评定.研究结果表明:仅顾及地形水深重力剥离的莫霍面反演结果整体精度较高,为1.94 km;在沉积物较厚的陆坡盆地,忽略沉积层的影响可使莫霍面最大加深6.30 km,但在沉积物较薄的南海海盆,考虑沉积层重力剥离会降低反演精度;利用CRUST1.0进行固体地壳重力剥离会使反演结果的精度降低0.22 km,表明CRUST1.0在南海地区并不准确;热膨胀重力剥离对反演精度的影响不大,但若忽略该效应,可能会高估洋壳区的莫霍面深度.针对南海重力莫霍面研究,笔者建议:若无精细地壳资料,忽略固体地壳重力剥离;若主要关注南海海盆可忽略沉积层的影响,但应考虑热膨胀重力剥离;若研究区覆盖沉积盆地,则应考虑沉积层重力剥离,并仔细选取密度-深度...  相似文献   

6.
桥梁水下桩墩结构振动台模型试验相似律验证   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
模拟地震振动台模型试验是研究桥梁桩墩结构抗震设计的重要方法。振动台试验结果的有效性取决于模型结构与原型结构的相似程度,不同的试验目的对应的相似关系也有差别。桥梁水下桩墩结构动力模型试验在满足结构自身相似律的同时,也要满足结构周围动水压力的相似,水体的存在限制了试验模型的相似设计。基于目前广泛应用的Buckinghamπ定理,采用量纲分析法和方程分析法,通过对比分析,在合理假设的基础上得出了桥梁混凝土桩墩结构振动台破坏试验模型设计的实用相似关系。最后,以某实际水下桥梁桩墩结构为例,通过计算分析验证了相似关系公式并对产生的误差进行了判断。结果表明:原型结构与模型结构的地震动力响应满足预计的相似关系;推导的相似律能在一定程度上避免模型设计的困难,较适用于实际应用。  相似文献   

7.
首次观测到的由地震引起的绝对重力变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
首次用绝对重力测量观测到明确的同震重力变化。恰好在1次M6.1地震的前1天和震后7天进行了绝对重力测量。观测到的绝对重力变化为-6μGal,显著地大于约1μGal的观测误差。特别有意义的是,所观测到的空间重力变化与仅用位移数据建立起来的弹性位错模型预测的结果非常一致。该结果强烈地激励我们对重力和位移同时进行反演,以更好地了解地震。  相似文献   

8.
杜兴信 《中国地震》1997,13(1):74-81
统计分析了1954年以来中国大陆发生的2.0≤Ms≤5.5近200次中小地震的烈度关系律,并与Ms≥5.0的中强地震统计规律进行了比较。结果表明,中小地震和中强地震的烈主分布都有相似的区域特征,如东部烈度的衰减慢于西部,等震线长短轴比小于西部等,结果还表明,对于一个固定震级,由中小地震统计的烈度衰减律在烈度高于V的快于地震的统计值,而当烈度低于V时又慢于中强地震的统计结果;此外,在烈度-震级等关系  相似文献   

9.
为研究2019年四川长宁地震前后地壳内部物质的运移过程,文中利用流动重力和GNSS资料对地震前后的重力变化特征、地壳垂直形变及其关系进行了深入分析。地震震中处于重力变化正、负异常的梯度带上,并在地震前后呈现明显反向。小波多尺度分解表明,浅部的离散性局部变化特征明显,深部的趋势变化特征显著。震中周边4个站点的重力变化与地壳垂直形变的关系与近似规律不一致。长宁震区长期的动力是青藏高原的物质在深部向四川盆地南边界运移的结果。在震中及周边区域的地表浅层可能存在一些空洞或气囊等空间,在地震前后出现气体、液体或高密度物质流失和填充的现象。结合前人对长宁地震发震机制的研究成果分析认为,该区域的采盐、采气及废水回注等因素可能是触发四川长宁地震的原因之一。  相似文献   

10.
川滇地区深浅构造活动强烈、地震发生频度高且强度大.为研究川滇地区断层运动、重力变化和地震活动之间的关系,本文基于连接断层元模型,采用经典弹性半空间位错理论,研究了该地区震间期断层蠕滑引起的重力场变化特征,结果表明:(1)川滇地区韧性层断层蠕滑引起藏东次级块体、雅江次级块体、香格里拉次级块体、滇中次级块体和四川盆地呈现负的空间重力变化,其余块体呈正重力变化;(2)断层蠕滑引起的变形地表重力变化图像与空间重力变化图像形态上相似,量值上较小;(3)川滇地区的强震震中位置,与年际空间重力变化的零值区有一定的对应关系.  相似文献   

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正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and  相似文献   

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正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.  相似文献   

17.
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape.  相似文献   

18.
Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference (DD) algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock (MsS.7) and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region.  相似文献   

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正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.  相似文献   

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