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本文介绍一种用微处理机-高速采样系统准确测量波速的方法。波速测量的精度取决于走时的确定。但目前大都采用SYC-Ⅱ型波速仪,并靠眼睛判读其示波器上光标的位置来得到走时,由此产生的走时读数误差往往超过0.2微秒。应用本文介绍的系统,这一误差可以大大减少。在测量过程中,走时被一瞬态记录仪用20兆赫兹的最高采样速率(对应的最大读数误差为0.05微秒)记录下来,然后经过一数字接口将数据输入微处理机,由其自动判读波的初动,并立即给出波的走时和速度。 分析表明,对实验室通常采用的样品尺度,该系统的波速测量误差在0.7％以内,波速测量的精度因而得到很大程度的提高。 相似文献
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国家地震局地球物理研究所 本高压容器是我国第一台10000公斤/厘米~2液体围压的三轴试验容器。容器的高压腔尺寸为φ8.5吤厘米 可放置φ2.5.5厘米的岩石样品及各种探头。它以9138油泵为侧向压力源 可产生0-10000公斤/厘米~2的围压 能模拟地壳深部30公里处的压力环境。与长江500型岩石三轴应力试验机配套使用 可进行岩石三轴压力破裂试验。容器简体采用了三层缩套配合结构 液压油进出口及电测导线的引出均在底座及大柱塞上轴向开孔 以免应力集中。上密封和下密封采用三角垫及密封环密封 引线密封采用锥塞及密封绝缘锥套密封。 相似文献
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采用积分安培-离子色谱法同时测定地下水中的溴离子和碘离子,该方法的相关性好（ r＞0．999）,精密度高（RSD％＜4．0）,样品加标回收率为90～110％,溴离子检出限为5．6μg/L ,碘离子检出限为2．1μg/L。本法简便、快速、准确且选择性好,可用于分析地下水中的溴离子和碘离子。 相似文献
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苏联Р.Γ.阿芬尼娜研究急始型磁暴的十一年出現頻数分布吋,发現1944-1959这两个太阳黑子活动周期內,急始型磁暴的頻数分布曲线与太阳北半球黑子面积的十一年变化曲线相似。 相似文献
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西藏南迦巴瓦峰地区高压麻粒岩相变质作用特征及其构造地质意义 总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30
南迦巴瓦峰地区出露的大片石榴石兰晶石高压麻粒岩 ,提供了一个观察青藏高原深部地壳岩石及结构的窗口 .根据高压麻粒岩的岩相学特点 ,可识别出 3期变质矿物组合 ,即 ,M1:Mus Bi Pl Q ;M2 :Gt Ky Perphite/Antiperphite Rt Q ;M3 :Gt Sill Cord Sp Ilm±Opx .高峰变质作用 (M2 )条件为 :T =75 0～ 85 0℃ ,P =1.40～ 1.80GPa .退变质作用 (M3 )条件为 :T =62 1～ 72 6℃ ,P =0 .60～ 0 .70GPa .由于构造加厚 ,产生高峰变质组合的同位素年龄为 45～ 69Ma ,在后期减压抬升过程中 ,叠加产生退变质组合的同位素年龄为 18～ 2 3Ma .石榴石兰晶石高压麻粒岩矿物间反应关系、温压估算、成岩格子及对应阶段的同位素年代所限定的P T t轨迹为一个顺时针轨迹 ,具有等温降压 (ITD)的特征 .高压麻粒岩变质作用历史说明印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞时间比普遍接受的 45Ma要早 ,在 70Ma前印度板块与欧亚板块已开始碰撞 . 相似文献
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黄土液化的判别是工程界长期存疑的问题.本文基于不同黄土场地的现场标贯试验、波速测试和试样的室内动三轴试验研究以及《兰州市区建筑抗震设计规程》(DB62/T25-3037-2006)使用反馈情况,提出了饱和黄土场地液化的工程初判和详判指标与方法:(1)地层年代、粘粒含量、塑性指数、剪切波速、土层埋深条件等可作为饱和黄土场地液化初判的指标;(2)国家《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011-2010)[2]中基于标贯击数的液化判别公式和液化指数计算公式适用于饱和黄土地基的液化判别和液化程度评价,但黄土液化判别的标贯击数基准值需要修正;(3)对应于设防加速度0.1g、0.15g、0,2g、0.3g、0.4g下饱和黄土液化判别的标贯击数基准值应分别为7、8、9、11、13,显著小于砂土液化判别的相应值.目前该判别方法已被纳入《甘肃省建筑抗震设计规程》(DB62/T25-3055-2011)[3]. 相似文献
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大跨越自立式高压输电塔-电缆体系的简化抗震计算 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
在地震作用下,大跨越自立式高压输电塔-电缆体系是一种复杂的空间塔-缆耦联振动体系,工程中需要一种合理的抗震计算简图。本文是文献工作的继续,对60KV线路的某输电塔进行了研究,建立了塔-缆耦联振动的力学模型,采用作者编制的TCCV89计算机程序进行了地震反应分析,得到了一些有意义的结果。本文结果可推广到具有n层电缆的输电塔。 相似文献
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脉冲中子双伽马谱饱和度测井方法是利用特定的脉冲和测量时序设计,采用远、近伽马探测器记录非弹性散射和俘获伽马能谱以及伽马射线时间谱,通过获取C/O和地层宏观俘获截面等信息来确定地层含油饱和度.采用大直径仪器和BGO晶体探测器时,其采集的非弹性散射和俘获伽马能谱计数统计性优于国外仪器,重复脉冲发射中子后伽马射线时间谱仍满足指数衰减规律,且能使伽马射线时间谱的道计数累积,计数统计性好于常规中子寿命测井,得到的地层宏观俘获截面与单脉冲发射近似相同.在地层孔隙度未知的情况下,利用C/O和地层宏观俘获截面交会技术可以定量确定含油饱和度. 相似文献
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根据地球物理观测台网日常监测工作需求,基于地震观测仪器自动监控软件数据源开发一款可视化软件,用于地球物理台网仪器状态监控。该软件可对仪器设备状态、网络状态、运行状态等进行实时监控,对采集数据中的无效数据、异常变幅、干扰、地震和限幅等监控结果进行报警提示,通过可视化窗口,将及时呈现全球及全国地震信息,并利用智能语音合成技术,实现仪器告警、地震速报信息的语音播报。 相似文献
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一、引言超声测井是一种新的地震測井法,它是利用超声波来研究小間隔內（1-2米）鈷井剖面岩层的物理机械性貭。近年来,由于石油探測事业发展的需要,这种方法在地球物理勘探和地球物理测井中受到了广泛的注意。根据超声測井的試驗和应用的結果看来,这种方法可以簡捷、經济、精确、詳細地測定出岩石的物理机械性貭（纵波和横波的波速,波的吸收系数等等）及其随深度的变化。 相似文献
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《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(6):1369-1393
A procedure to generate horizontal pairs of synthetic near‐fault ground motion components for specified earthquake source and site characteristics is presented. Some near‐fault ground motions contain a forward directivity pulse; others do not, even when the conditions for such a pulse are favorable. The proposed procedure generates pulse‐like and non‐pulse‐like motions in appropriate proportions. We use our recent stochastic models of pulse‐like and non‐pulse‐like near‐fault ground motions that are formulated in terms of physically meaningful parameters. The parameters of these models are fitted to databases of recorded pulse‐like and non‐pulse‐like motions. Using these empirical “observations,” predictive relations are developed for the model parameters in terms of the earthquake source and site characteristics (type of faulting, earthquake magnitude, depth to top of rupture plane, source‐to‐site distance, site characteristics, and directivity parameters). The correlation coefficients between the model parameters are also estimated. For a given earthquake scenario, the probability of occurrence of a directivity pulse is first computed; pulse‐like and non‐pulse‐like motions are then simulated according to the predicted proportions using the empirical predictive models. The resulting time series are realistic and reproduce important features of recorded near‐fault ground motions, including the natural variability. Moreover, the statistics of their elastic response spectra agree with those of the NGA‐West2 dataset, with the additional feature of distinguishing between pulse‐like and non‐pulse‐like cases and between forward and backward directivity scenarios. The synthetic motions can be used in addition to or in place of recorded motions in performance‐based earthquake engineering, particularly when recorded motions are scarce. 相似文献
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We present an analysis of the accuracy of the method introduced by Lockwood et al. (1994) for the determination of the magnetopause reconnection rate from the dispersion of precipitating ions in the ionospheric cusp region. Tests are made by applying the method to synthesised data. The simulated cusp ion precipitation data are produced by an analytic model of the evolution of newly-opened field lines, along which magnetosheath ions are firstly injected across the magnetopause and then dispersed as they propagate into the ionosphere. The rate at which these newly opened field lines are generated by reconnection can be varied. The derived reconnection rate estimates are then compared with the input variation to the model and the accuracy of the method assessed. Results are presented for steady-state reconnection, for continuous reconnection showing a sine-wave variation in rate and for reconnection which only occurs in square wave pulses. It is found that the method always yields the total flux reconnected (per unit length of the open-closed field-line boundary) to within an accuracy of better than 5%, but that pulses tend to be smoothed so that the peak reconnection rate within the pulse is underestimated and the pulse length is overestimated. This smoothing is reduced if the separation between energy channels of the instrument is reduced; however this also acts to increase the experimental uncertainty in the estimates, an effect which can be countered by improving the time resolution of the observations. The limited time resolution of the data is shown to set a minimum reconnection rate below which the method gives spurious short-period oscillations about the true value. Various examples of reconnection rate variations derived from cusp observations are discussed in the light of this analysis. 相似文献
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为了克服激发极化观测中经常遇到的电磁耦合干扰,以往研究大多基于电磁耦合的频率特点.本文从电偶极子电磁耦合的基本公式出发,借助拉普拉斯变换和数值积分,着重研究了电磁耦合的时间历程及特点.研究表明,在足够长时间的矩形电流激励下,偶极装置电磁耦合的响应电位差表现为矩形激励电流开通时的上升斜坡和关断时的下降斜坡,并且使电磁信号到达的时间推迟;中间梯度装置的电磁耦合响应表现为矩形激励电流开通时的正尖脉冲和关断时的负尖脉冲,同时也使电磁信号到达的时间推迟.与激电法常用矩形电流的接通（关断）时间相比,不论采用何种观测装置,电磁感应耦合终归是一种“短命”的瞬变现象.不同装置的电磁耦合既有不同之处,又有相同之点.在固体矿产勘查常见的地电条件下,就激电法常用的中间梯度和偶极装置以及供电波形而言,电磁耦合的时间一般不超过10-2 s,利用这些时间特点能够达到区分并克服电磁耦合的目的. 相似文献
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油藏岩石的孔隙连通性是反映流体渗流难易程度的重要参数,对渗透率、有效孔隙度等岩石物理参数的评价具有重要作用.连通的孔隙中,核磁共振(NMR)弛豫的交换会产生扩散耦合现象,可作为孔隙连通性的表征和探测方法.本文提出利用横向弛豫T 2-T 2脉冲序列测量岩石的扩散耦合现象.运用随机游走方法模拟多孔岩石的核磁共振响应特征,分析扩散耦合的影响因素,推导表征扩散耦合强度的弛豫交换速率计算公式.结果表明:孔隙间的扩散耦合强度与T 2-T 2脉冲序列的混合时间呈正相关性,基于双孔弛豫交换模型推导的弛豫交换速率计算公式能够准确表征双尺度孔隙系统的扩散耦合强度.在孔隙尺寸不满足快扩散条件时,会出现与扩散耦合无关的非对角峰信号.针对含多类型孔隙的碳酸盐岩模型,随混合时间的增加,扩散耦合强度变大,一维T 2谱的形态畸变程度加重,在T 2-T 2二维谱中,代表微裂缝、粒间小孔、溶蚀大孔的信号能量变化趋势不同,反映不同类型孔隙间的连通性存在差异.本文的分析与讨论丰富了核磁共振弛豫在岩石物理性质评价中的应用方向,对利用核磁共振评价复杂孔隙岩石的孔隙结构和连通性提供了新思路和新方法. 相似文献
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利用宁波地震台水温10年来的单测项、6年来的同层比测资料,对高精度温度计的仪器短期和长期稳定性进行分析对比。研究发现仪器长期存在漂移现象,漂移量的大小与每套仪器的系统特性有关,但随着观测时间的延续,漂移量逐渐减少,认为该现象对地震前兆观测影响不大;短期稳定性存在不明原因的阶跃和脉冲现象,但次数不多,幅度不大,如果不是并行观测,较难判别。因此,在资料分析时要考虑仪器的这些问题。有时仪器短期非常稳定,数天至20天整点值为同一测值。 相似文献
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J. FARRELL 《Geophysical Prospecting》1976,24(3):506-517
Mis-ties are all-too-common results of seismic surveys made at the same place but at different times with different equipment or by different organizations. Even after removal of positioning or polarity errors, reflection times often appear to differ by several tens of milliseconds. Zero time appears to fluctuate. How can zero time differ on surveys with only minor differences in acquisition or processing? What can be done to identify the true zero time for each survey? The first step toward establishing zero time is to record the source pulse. It is well-known that the different sources currently used in reflection seismic prospecting (propane-oxygen explosions, compressed-air discharges, explosives, steam bubbles, mechanical implosions, vibrations, etc.) yield different pressure wavefronts as the input to the seismic reflection system. By recording this wavefront we capture the basic pulse shape and we establish the initial time delay. The second step is to process the recorded source pulse as if it were reflection data to establish the additional time and shape changes introduced by data processing. Then, display the recorded and processed source pulse as an auxiliary variable at the ends of the seismic section. From this display the interpreter can systematically establish the time shifts appropriate to each picked event. He can determine also whether the pick should be a peak or a trough. He can see why surveys which appear to tie for shallow reflections appear to mis-tie for deep reflections. The display of the processed source pulse constitutes a major interpretation aid which, in a readily useable form, increases the information content of the basic seismic section. 相似文献