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1.
埃迪卡拉纪-早寒武世是地球历史上碳循环的重大波动期,但有关其成因和古环境意义仍存在很大分歧.为阐明这一问题,本文对华南晚埃迪卡拉纪-早寒武世两条剖面进行了高分辨的碳同位素研究.在浅水相区九龙湾-季家坡剖面,晚埃迪卡拉纪灯影组大部分δ13Corg值在δ29‰~δ24‰变化;而在深水相区龙鼻嘴剖面,大部分δ13Corg值在δ35‰~δ32‰.这些新的研究结果与华南埃迪卡拉纪δ早寒武世其他剖面发表的δ13Corg数据对比表明,δ13Corg在时间和空间上均存在着巨大变化,并受岩相的明显约束.在以碳酸盐岩为主的地层中,δ13Corg相对较高,通常大于δ30‰;而在黑色页岩和暗色硅质岩为主的地层中,δ13Corg相对较低,一般小于δ32‰.这种有机碳同位素组成的显著差异很难以存在巨大的溶解有机碳库(DOC)解释,我们认为不同微生物类群的贡献可能是导致这种差异的主要因素.浅水相样品中较高的δ13Corg值(δ30‰)与显生宙同位素变化相近,可能反映了光合作用为主的同位素分馏;而深水样品较低的δ13Corg值(δ32‰)可能反映了缺氧环境条件下化能自养或甲烷氧化微生物对有机质的重要贡献.这意味着在埃迪卡拉纪-早寒武世之交扬子地台的海洋仍处于强烈分层状态,且氧化还原界面波动频繁.  相似文献   

2.
悬浮颗粒物和沉积物是湖泊有机污染物的主要承载物质,其稳定同位素研究对有效识别有机质污染导致的湖泊富营养化具有重要意义.本研究选取乌梁素海为研究区,于2019年4月(融冰期)、7月(夏灌期)和10月(秋灌期)对湖区及入湖渠道的表层沉积物和悬浮颗粒物中有机碳的δ13C、C/N比及总有机碳(TOC、POC)和总氮(TON、PON)含量进行测定分析,联合采用δ13C、C/N及同位素多元混合模型研究湖泊有机碳来源及其贡献率.结果表明,乌梁素海悬浮颗粒物有机碳δ13CPOC的变化范围为-23.29‰~-29.75‰,呈现10月>4月>7月、入湖渠道>湖区的趋势,悬浮颗粒物POC/PON比变化范围为4.10~21.35,呈现出4月<7月<10月的时间变化,悬浮颗粒有机质主要来源于浮游植物(51.59%)、入湖渠道泥沙(34.60%)和大型水生植物(13.76%).沉积物有机碳δ13CTOC变化范围为-27.58‰~-22.68‰,呈现4月<10月<7月的变化,沉积物TOC/TON比变化范围为3.06~23.77,时空变化明显,沉积物有机质则主要源于入湖渠道挟带的泥沙,贡献达72.79%以上,而浮游植物与大型水生植物的贡献率相差较小,分别为11.85%和15.36%.本研究可以初步判定受入湖渠道影响的富营养化湖泊中悬浮颗粒物和沉积物有机碳来源,为改善湖泊有机污染和研究有机碳来源提供更多理解.  相似文献   

3.
滇池的富营养化过程:来自结合态脂肪酸C16:0δ13C的证据   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
以云贵高原浅水湖泊滇池作为研究对象,在对湖心一个63cm柱状沉积物中δ13Corg、δ13N、C/N比值和TOC含量测定的基础上,以近现代沉积物有机质中结合态脂肪酸的组成及其单体碳同位素组成结果为主要的讨论对象,并与相应游离态脂肪酸的组成及碳同位素值进行了对比研究,探讨近二百年来滇池湖泊的富营养化过程.研究结果表明,沉积物中有机质基本参数变化按沉积深度可以划分成三个主要阶段,其中20cm至表层段,δ13N、TOC显著增大,与该时期湖泊富营养化密切相关.结合态脂肪酸总含量为38.5-209.6μg/g,游离态脂肪酸总含量为12.0-318.1μg/g,都在表层段20cm出现迅速增加的趋势;利用脂肪酸单体分子组合CPIA、∑C20/∑C21+、TARFA、C18:1w7/C18:1w9、(i-C15:0+a-C15:0)/nC15:0比值的特征变化,表明其以内源的浮游生物和细菌输入为主,内源藻类的大量繁殖,导致湖泊富营养化加剧.相比游离态脂肪酸,滇池沉积物中的结合态脂肪酸具有较丰富的不饱和脂肪酸和正反异构脂肪酸,且具有较强的稳定性,能抵抗早期化学和生物降解作用的影响,具有重要的研究价值,将成为近年来研究的热点.结合态脂肪酸中C16:0的δ13C变化较好地记录了近几十年来湖泊富营养化过程的加剧,可作为反映湖泊重富营养化进程的一个重要指标.  相似文献   

4.
贵州草海湖泊系统碳循环简单模式   总被引:15,自引:2,他引:15  
本文分析了贵州草海湖泊系统中的主要含碳物质-湖水DIC、表层沉积物有机质、水生植物的稳定碳同位素组成,其δ^13C值分别为:-3.70‰至-10.60‰,-20.90‰至-21.60%,-16.10‰至-17.40,通过质量平衡计算,建立了草海区域碳循环的简单模式,结果表明:对于草海这样一个水生植物茂盛的浅水富氧湖而言,光合一呼吸作用和有机质的降解对整个湖泊体系的稳定碳同位素组成具有决定性的作用。  相似文献   

5.
太湖梅梁湾富营养化过程的同位素地球化学证据   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以浅水湖泊太湖为研究对象,通过湖泊水体、水生生物同位素以及相应湖泊水体营养指标的比较分析,并根据梅梁湾钻孔沉积物TN,TP,TOC,C/N,δ15N,δ13C等多项指标记录,恢复了湖泊富营养化过程.研究结果表明,不同湖区植物碳、氮同位素值和水体NH4+的δ15N值变化反映了植物组成和营养水平的差异.梅梁湾水体NH4+的δ15N和水环境参数不同月份的变化反映了外部营养载荷的输入对湖泊环境有明显的影响.1950~1990年湖泊沉积物有机质碳、氮同位素同步变化的趋势说明湖泊初级生产力的增长和湖泊逐渐富营养化的过程,而1990年之后二者之间反相关关系的出现表明在富营养条件下,大量浮游植物生长对富15N的无机氮的吸收及表层沉积物有机质分解和反硝化作用,代表湖泊富营养化加剧.以同位素示踪,并结合元素地球化学指标变化,将太湖梅梁湾富营养化过程分为三阶段,以20世纪50年代和20世纪90年代为营养状态的转换时段,揭示了人类活动不断加强的影响,与近50年来的湖泊环境监测结果一致.  相似文献   

6.
通过对青藏高原东部若尔盖盆地兴措湖50年来Gyraulus sibirica壳体元素及同位素分析,并与器测气象资料的比较,建立了兴措湖记录与对应的降水和气温间的函数关系,探讨了湖泊记录所指示的气候环境意义,结果表明:青藏高原东部兴措湖地区腹足类生物在夏半年形成壳体,它所记录的是夏半年而不是全年的气候环境信息,Gyraulus Sibria壳体Mg/Ca比及δ^18O指标与夏半年气温有一定的相关性,其中壳体δ^18O指标对气温变化更敏感,δ^18O与夏半年气温滑动平均间的变率为1.64‰/℃,均值比为0.28‰/℃,Sr/Ca比,δ^13C指标与夏半年的降水量关系较密切,尤其是Sr/Ca比随降水量波动呈显著相关变化,Sr/Ca变化与降水间的平均变率(d(Sr/Ca)/dP)为-0.045/mm。  相似文献   

7.
若尔盖盆地兴措湖沉积记录揭示的近代气候与环境   总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12  
依据湖泊沉积记录进行古气候环境要素定量的是过去全球变化研究的重要内容,本文通过若尔盖盆地兴措湖近代湖泊沉积特征、沉积物总有机碳及其同位素指标分析,并与器测气象资料进行比较,对兴措湖泊近代湖泊沉积物中有机碳及其同位素指标所代表的气候环境信息进行了定量研究,在此基础上,建立了兴措湖沉积物总有机碳及其同位素记录与对应的降水和气温间的函数关系,为定量恢复该区长尺度历史时期古气候环境特征提供了基础。  相似文献   

8.
无机成因和有机成因烷烃气的鉴别   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
在中国有机成因气(煤成气和油型气)及无机成因烷烃气(甲烷)碳同位素系列、R/Ra以及cH4,3He大量分析数据的基础上,结合美国、俄罗斯、德国和澳大利亚等国家相应项次众多的分析数据,经综合对比研究,提出鉴别无机成因和有机成因烷烃气的4个指标:①无机成因甲烷碳同位素组成一般〉-30‰,有机成因甲烷碳同位素组成一般〈-30‰;②无机成因烷烃气具有负碳同位素系列(δ^13C1〉δ^13C2〉δ^13C3〉δ^13C4)和甲烷碳同位素组成一般〉-30‰的特征;③RIRa〉0.5和万δ^13C1-δ^13C2〉0的天然气是无机成因烷烃气;④CH4/^3He≤10^6是无机成因烷烃气(甲烷),CH4/^3He≥10^11是有机成因烷烃气.  相似文献   

9.
薛滨  王苏民  沈吉  羊向东  马燕 《湖泊科学》1994,6(4):308-316
湖泊沉积物中有机碳的总量(TOC)取决于湖泊的初始生产力及有机质沉积后的保存能力,而有机碳的稳定同位素(δ~(13)C)值则反映了不同来源有机质的组成以及流域古植被状况。本文通过对内蒙呼伦湖东露天煤矿剖面TOC及δ~(13)C值的垂直分布的研究,结合剖面的沉积特征及孢粉、硅藻分析结果,讨论了呼伦湖地区末次冰期以来古气候古环境演化过程。结果表明有机碳的总量及其稳定碳同位素可作为分析古气候环境的一种有效的代用指标。  相似文献   

10.
为了查明单一生态系统下表土中高等植物来源长链正构烷烃单体氢同位素(δ^13Cn-alkanes)的变化特征,从华北张家口市万全县大麻坪玄武岩风化壳随机采集了12个表层土壤样品,用来分析其长链正构烷烃分子组成特征及其单体碳(δ^13Cn-alkanes)、氢同位素,同时分析了其总有机质碳同位素(TOC,δ^13Cn)变化.结果表明δ^13Cn和来源于陆生高等植物的4个代表性的占优势地位的长链正构烷烃(n-C27,n-C29,n-C31,n-C33)的13Cn-alkanes在这12个样品中都非常稳定,仅有很小的变化幅度,这两类碳同位素数据均表明其上覆植被的光合作用类型构成非常均一,可以视为由纯C3草本植物构成.相应的这4个主要长链正构烷烃的Dn-alkanes变化幅度比较大,整体而言,相对丰度越高的同族体分子,其Dn-alkanes更为偏负,且其变化幅度更小.然而,这4个主要长链正构烷烃加权平均Dn-alkanes值约30‰的变化幅度小于先前研究当中报道的同一地点不同现代陆生C3草本植物之间长链正构烷烃Dn-alkanes值的变化幅度,甚至小于同一植物种长链正构烷烃Dn-alkanes值的季节变化幅度.由于表土和沉积物中长链正构烷烃来源上的相似性,即它们都来源于多种植物的混合,因此,我们的结果对于沉积物,尤其是其有机质为原地植物来源的陆相沉积物的长链正构烷烃单体氢同位素组成的古气候、古环境、古水文信息的精确解译,具有一定的参考价值.  相似文献   

11.
Surface sediments samples were collected from 9 stations of the Cochin estuary during the monsoon, post-monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons and were analyzed for grain size, total organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and stable isotopic ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) to identify major sources of organic matter in surface sediments. Sediment grain size is found to be the key factor influencing the organic matter accumulation in surface sediments. The δ13C values ranges from ?27.5‰ to ?21.7‰ in surface sediments with a gradual increase from inner part of the estuary to the seaward side that suggest an increasing contribution of marine autogenous organic matter towards the seaward side. The δ15N value varies between 3.1‰ and 6.7‰ and it exhibits complex spatial and seasonal distributions in the study area. It is found that the dynamic cycling of nitrogen through various biogeochemical and organic matter degradation processes modifies the OC/TN ratios and δ15N to a considerable degree. The fraction of terrestrial organic matter in the total organic matter pool ranges from 13% to 74% in the surface sediments as estimated by δ13C based two end member mixing model.  相似文献   

12.
Recent sediments in lakes and gulfs are a sensi-tive recorder of the information about environmentalchanges in the catchment areas during recent geologi-cal history. Precise determination of the ages of sedi-ments is the key to deciphering the environmental re-cords. The 210Pb dating technique and the markertechnique based on fallout radionuclide 137Cs havefound wide applications in sedimentation rate on atime scale of several tens to one hundred years, as wellas the varve chron…  相似文献   

13.
In this paper, Lake Taihu, a large shallow freshwater lake in China, is chosen as an example of reconstruction of eutrophication through the comparison between stable isotopes from dissolved nutrients and plants and water column nutrient parameters and integration of multiple proxies in a sediment core from Meiliang Bay including TN, TP, TOC, C/N,δ15N,δ13C, etc. Differences in aquatic plant species and trophic status between East Taihu Bay and Meiliang Bay are indicated by their variations inδ13C andδ15N of aquatic plants andδ15N of NH4 . A significant influence of external nutrient inputs on Meiliang Bay is reflected in temporal changes inδ15N of NH4 and hydro-environmental parameters. The synchronous change betweenδ13C andδ15N values of sedi-mented organic matter (OM) has been attributed to elevated primary production at the beginning of eutrophication between 1950 and 1990, then recent inverse correlation between them has been caused by the uptake of 15N-enriched inorganic nitrogen by phytoplankton grown under eutrophication and subsequent OM decomposition and denitrification in surface sediments, indicating that the lake has suffered from progressive eutrophication since 1990. Based on the use of a combination of stable isotopes and elemental geochemistry, the eutrophication of Meiliang Bay in Lake Taihu could be better traced. These transitions of the lake eutrophication respectively occurring in the 1950s and 1990s have been suggested as a reflection of growing impacts of human activities, which is coincident with the instrumental data.  相似文献   

14.
Variations in the carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of bulk organic matter in the sediments of Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana reflect climatically induced changes to the lake and the catchment flora. Cores spanning the last 27.5 kyr of sedimentation in the lake show large oscillations inδ13Corg PDB andδ15Norg Air. The late Pleistocene record is particularly detailed, showing changes of ca. 20‰ in carbon and ca. 10‰ in nitrogen isotopic compositions. These variations are of complex origin. Although different in magnitude, major isotopic excursions in the two records are generally in phase and reveal the occurrence of two major dry intervals at and immediately following the Last Glacial Maximum. The Allerød-Younger Dryas period also seems to have been marked by generally dry conditions in this part of tropical West Africa. Nitrogen isotopic evidence suggests that during the period 9.2–3.2 kyr the lake had an extremely stable water column, probably due to the absence of a windy or cool, dry season, or both. Regular circulation of the water column recommenced during the late Holocene and has persisted until the present day.  相似文献   

15.
To investigate the sources of particulate organic matter (POM) and the impact of Three Gorges Dam (TGD), two large lakes and erosion processes on determining the composition and flux of POM in low water discharge periods along the middle and lower Changjiang, suspended particulate samples were collected along the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) in January 2008. Organic geochemistry of bulk sediment (particulate organic carbon, organic carbon to nitrogen molar ratio (C/N), stable carbon isotope (δ13C) and grain size) and biomarker of bulk sediment (lignin phenols) were measured to trace the sources of POM. The range of C/N ratios (6.4–8.9), δ13C (?24.3‰ – ?26.2‰) and lignin phenols concentration Λ8 (0.45 mg/100 mg OC‐2.00 mg/100 mg OC) of POM suggested that POM originated from the mixture of soil, plant tissue and autochthonous organic matter (OM) during the dry season. POM from lakes contained a higher portion of terrestrial OM than the mainstream, which was related to sand mining and hydropower erosion processes. A three end‐member model based on δ13C and Λ8 was performed. The results indicated that soil contributed approximately 50% of OM to the POM, which is the dominant OM source in most stations. POM composition was affected by total suspended matter (TSM) and grain size composition, and the direct OM input from two lakes and channel erosion induced OM. The lower TSM concentration in January 2008 was mainly caused by seasonal variations; the impact from the TGD in the dry season was relatively small. A box model indicated that more than 90% of the terrestrial OM transported by the Changjiang in January 2008 was from the middle and lower drainage basins. Channel erosion induced OM, and contributions from Poyang Lake were the major terrestrial OM sources in the dry season. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
Isotopic and biochemical features of suspended particulate organic matter (POM) in the water column and of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) were investigated seasonally in the Bay of Marseilles. Biochemical compounds (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins) were consistently more concentrated in POM than in SOM, with SOM mainly composed of insoluble carbohydrates. POM displayed lower δ(13)C and higher δ(15)N values than SOM. Phytoplanktonic production represented the major contributor of POM year-round with spatial and seasonal variations. Climatic parameters and wind-induced currents created differences in POM contributions, with more important inputs of terrestrial OM at one sampling site. Spatial and seasonal variations were lower for SOM. The composition of this pool appeared to be linked with the permanent inputs of phytoplankton and Posidonia oceanica detritus. The combined use of biochemical and isotopic analyses was a useful tool to characterize OM pools and would help understanding the trophic functioning of this coastal environment.  相似文献   

17.
Aquatic plants are essential for maintaining the diversity and stability of a lake ecosystem. Stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) of macrophytes have been widely used as a powerful tool to study ecological processes and paleoenvironmental evolution in lakes. Varying results are obtained when using the δ13C of macrophytes to study the changes in the lake environment at different spatio-temporal scales. Thus, sample preparation and subsequent laboratory analyses are crucial for studying environmental changes using the isotopic signal retained in the macrophytes, and are essential for the interpretation of isotope-environment relationships. This study analyzed the δ13C of different tissue components of macrophytes in three lakes of the lower Yangtze River basin, and a correlation analysis was performed on aquatic environments influencing the δ13C values in the different tissue components of macrophytes. The test results showed the difference between the δ13C values of the whole sample and cellulose. Relative analyses indicated that the major factors contributing to the δ13C variability in macrophytes were pH and the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The δ13C of α-cellulose (δ13CAC) is more sensitive to environmental variables than that of the whole sample (δ13CW) and holocellulose (δ13CHC). The results of this study imply that extraction of α-cellulose is a prerequisite for research on the changes in lake environment using δ13C of macrophytes. This study aims to provide theoretical and data basis for further research on the environmental and ecological change using stable carbon isotopes of aquatic plants.  相似文献   

18.
After the severest mass extinction event in the Phanerozoic, biotic recovery from the extinction at the Permian–Triassic boundary required approximately 5 my, which covers the entire Early Triassic. It is important to obtain information on the superocean Panthalassa, which occupied most of the world ocean, to explore paleoenvironmental changes during the Early Triassic at the global scale. In order to establish the continuous lithostratigraphy of pelagic sediments in Panthalassa during the Early Triassic, high‐resolution reconstruction of the Lower Triassic pelagic sequence in Japan was conducted for the first time based on detailed field mapping and lithostratigraphic correlation in the Inuyama area, central Japan. The reconstructed Early Triassic sequence is approximately 9.5 m thick, consists of five rock types, and is divided into eight lithological units. For the reconstructed continuous sequence, measurement of carbon isotopic composition of sedimentary organic matter (δ13Corg) was carried out. Stratigraphic variation of the δ13Corg value shows large‐amplitude fluctuations between ?34.4 and ?21.0‰ throughout the sequence. In order to establish a higher resolution age model for the reconstructed Lower Triassic pelagic sequence, we correlated δ13Corg records in the Inuyama area with high‐resolution isotopic profiles of carbonate carbon (δ13Ccarb) from shallow‐marine carbonate sequences in southern China based on the similarity in general variation patterns with age constraints by radiolarian and conodont biostratigraphy. The result provides a high‐resolution time scale for the pelagic sequence of Panthalassa during the Smithian and Spathian. The age model suggests a drastic increase in sedimentation rate during the late Smithian, which should have been caused by the increase in terrigenous input to this site.  相似文献   

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