共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
E. Bonatti M. Sarnthein A. Boersma M. Gorini J. Honnorez 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1977,35(3):369-383
Partly phosphatized, oolitic-biogenic limestones were recovered 950–1300 m below sea level from two sites near the crest of a transverse ridge running parallel and adjacent to the Romanche fracture valley (equatorial Atlantic). Some of the biogenic contituents of the limestones (the benthonic foraminiferal genusAmphistegina; corals of the genusStylophora sp., scaphopods, etc.); their paleofacies assemblage (including echinoderms, gastropods, calcareous algae, etc.); and the presence of a well-developed oolitic facies, indicate that the limestones formed in very shallow water close to sea level. In addition, several features of the limestones (including the presence of stromatolite-like laminae, and dissolution features typical of subaerial diagenesis) suggest that the summit of the transverse ridge might have undergone episodes of emersion. The limestones were formed on a shallow carbonate bank at around the Miocene-Pliocene boundary, i.e., 5 ± 1 Myr ago, as determined by the age of fossil planktonic foraminifera and corals. The transverse ridge must have subsided since that time at an average rate of 0.2 mm/yr. It is unlikely that the vertical motions of the Romanche transverse crustal block were caused solely by accreting plate margin- or mantle plume-related volcanic and/or tectonic processes. It is suggested instead that such motions are related to vertical tectonism typical of large oceanic fracture zones. 相似文献
2.
Dov Bahat 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1979,45(2):445-452
The East African rift system is a product of two separate activities. An ancient process (Precambrian?) resulted in brittle crustal fracture, a deep vertical tensional feature. This defined the principal fracture pattern of the continent. It was initiated by an upward diapiric stress and propagated laterally according to the principles of elastic fracture and bifurcation. Later (Jurassic-Recent) horizontal and vertical multi-stage forces caused tectonic displacements along the ancient fractures and the present rift pattern was derived. As opposed to previous models, the present concept is compatible with many conflicting opinions of previous workers (e.g. indications of tensional versus compressional or vertical forces), and is capable of explaining many moot questions. 相似文献
3.
Pyrenean lherzolites representing fragments of the upper mantle are embedded in Mesozoic sediments along the 500-km-long, 20-km-wide “North Pyrenean Zone”. These ultramafics and the nearby occurrence of granulites, the presence of undersaturated rocks intrusive in the Cretaceous, and the development of a narrow elongate zone of “Pyrenean metamorphism”, confer a fundamental orogenic and geodynamic significance to this zone. These phenomena and the emplacement of the lherzolites may be attributed to an important phase of crustal thinning followed by a succession of compressive stages. The crustal thinning involved in the North Pyrenean Zone is possibly related to a transcurrent movement mainly during Albian and Senonian times, indicating a transform zone [24]. The ascent and emplacement of lherzolites in Albian sediments may have occurred in response to alternating tensional and compressional stresses operating in transcurrent zones. The Pyrenean metamorphism in Mesozoic sediments may be related to convective (emplacement of lherzolites) as well as conductive (thermal anomaly in connection with the rifting) processes. This model is compared with existing transform domains. Finally, it is suggested that crustal thinning may permit the incorporation of lower crust-upper mantle associations in the upper levels of the crust during subsequent compressive stages. 相似文献
4.
洋中脊及邻区洋盆的洋壳厚度能很好地反映区域岩浆补给特征,对于研究洋中脊内部及周缘岩浆活动和构造演化过程具有很好的指示意义.西北印度洋中脊作为典型的慢速扩张洋中脊,其扩张过程与周缘构造活动具有很强的时空关系.本文利用剩余地幔布格重力异常反演了西北印度洋洋壳厚度,由此分析区域内洋壳厚度分布和岩浆补给特征.研究发现,西北印度洋洋壳平均厚度为7.8 km,受区域构造背景影响厚度变化较大.根据洋壳厚度的统计学分布特征,将区域内洋壳分为三种类型:薄洋壳(小于4.5 km)、正常洋壳(4.5~6.5 km)和厚洋壳(大于6.5 km),根据西北印度洋中脊周缘(~40 Ma内)洋壳厚度变化特征可将洋中脊划分为5段,发现洋中脊洋壳厚度受区域构造活动和地幔温度所控制,其中薄洋壳主要受转换断层影响造成区域洋壳厚度减薄,而厚洋壳主要受地幔温度和地幔柱作用影响,并在S4洋中脊段显示出较强的热点与洋中脊相互作用,同时微陆块的裂解和漂移也可能是导致洋壳厚度差异的原因之一. 相似文献
5.
D.J. Blundell 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1976,31(2):287-290
Interpretation of offshore seismic surveys south of Accra, Ghana, has shown that Accra is situated near the intersection of the northeast-trending Akwapim fault zone and an east-trending coastal boundary fault. Seismic recordings from Kukurantumi Observatory and historical evidence of earthquakes indicate that both faults are currently active. This is also supported by geological evidence. The Akwapim fault is traced southwest across the continental shelf to link at the margin with the Romanche fracture zone on which there is evidence of tectonic activity beyond the confines of the offsets of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It is suggested that current tectonism along the Romanche fracture zone continues deep into the continent along the Akwapim fault zone and may represent an early stage in the development of a new plate boundary. Possibly the initiation of this boundary is through crustal fault propagation rather than rifting, perhaps by the mechanism of membrane tectonics proposed by Turcotte and Oxburgh (1973). 相似文献
6.
Robert W. Decker 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1965,28(1):231-256
Active volcanoes occur in at least two fundamentally different tectonic settings. Taphrogenic volcanoes are aligned along the mid-ocean fracture system which is characterized by a broad ridge of rugged relief, «tensional» horizontal stress components perpendicular to the ridge, shallow earthquakes in a zone vertically beneath the ridge crest, thin to normal occanic crust and low to normal seismic velocities in the uppermost mantle, positive free-air gravity anomalies, and high heat flow. Orogenic volcanoes are aligned along the mobile Pacific rim and Indonesian archipelago which are characterized by double or single arcuate ridges with a deep oceanic trench on the convex side, compressional horizontal stress components perpendicular to the arcs, shallow to deep earthquakes in a zone dipping from the trench to beneath the volcanoes and beyond, transitional crustal thicknesses and seismic velocities, parallel belts of negative and positive free-air gravity anomalies from the trench to the volcanic arc, and low heat flow from the trench. The diverse nature of most geophysical lineaments associated with volcanism suggests that magma generation is independent of these phenomena. The remaining correlation of shallow earthquakes with taphrogenic volcanocs and intermediate depth earthquakes with orogenic volcanoes suggests that active fracture systems reaching these depths can tap latent magma sources. Seismic evidence for a low velocity layer beginning 100 km beneath continents and 60 km beneath oceans gives independent support to this hypothesis. 相似文献
7.
Heterogeneous stretching, simple shear and basin development 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M.P. Coward 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1986,80(3-4):325-336
The models of basin development which involve either homogeneous stretching of the whole lithosphere or displacement on a lithospheric-scale shear zone, are but two end members of a range of possible extensional models. The homogeneous extension model thins the lower lithosphere beneath the thinned upper crust and superimposes a thermal subsidence basin on the earlier fault bounded basin. The shear zone model offsets the zone of lower lithospheric stretching and thermal subsidence. It is more likely that the zones of upper and lower lithospheric stretching will be heterogeneous and patchy, but will often overlap in plan view. This will produce localised uplift and subsequent thermal subsidence within the faulted basin and may explain many of the anomalies between the various stretching estimates made using different structural, stratigraphic and geophysical techniques. The model which combines heterogeneous lithospheric stretching and associated simple shear may explain: (1) variations in dip of the major detachment zones in the large basins, (2) variations in types of strain on or beneath the detachment zones, (3) regional uplift of part of a basin, to erode the earlier fault blocks, and (4) the development of volcanism in basins with only low values of upper crustal extension. The zone of stretched lower crust and lithospheric mantle may lie beneath the centre of the zone of upper crustal stretching, or to one side. It may be linked to the upper crustal zone by faults which dip consistently in one direction, or by extensional systems which change their dominant dip direction with depth, pulling out the mid-crust as one or more wedges. Possible examples are discussed from the Basin and Range province and northwest European continental shelf. 相似文献
8.
超慢速扩张的北冰洋Gakkel洋中脊具有六个沿扩张方向的线性基底隆起(本文编号为A—F).这些线性基底隆起在中轴两侧的地球物理场和地壳结构呈现不同程度的非对称性.本文利用Gakkel洋中脊的地形、空间重力异常(FAA)和航空磁力数据,计算了它的扩张速率、剩余地幔布格重力异常(RMBA)、地壳厚度和非均衡地形.根据中轴两侧地形和地壳厚度的对称关系,我们将六个基底隆起分为对称型和非对称型两种类型.整体上,B、D和F区基底隆起在中轴两侧的地形和地壳厚度的非对称幅值(两侧差值的绝对值)较小,其中地形的非对称幅值分别为～157m、～125m、～208m,地壳厚度的非对称幅值分别为～1km、～0.06km、～0.3km;而A、C和E区的非对称幅值较大,其中地形的非对称幅值分别为～510m、～410m、～673m,地壳厚度的非对称幅值分别为～2km、～2.5km、～1.1km.我们因此推断B、D和F区具有相对对称的地壳结构,而A、C和E区具有非对称的地壳结构.根据A、C和E区中轴两侧非均衡地形的对称关系和非对称地形的补偿状态,推测A区的非对称性可能是由岩浆分配不均所导致;而C区和E区的非对称性可能是由构造断层作用使断层下盘向上抬升变薄所导致.我们进一步推测洋中脊走向的改变可能使得构造作用更易集中于基底隆起的一侧. 相似文献
9.
The North China Craton (NCC) witnessed Mesozoic vigorous tectono-thermal activities and transition in the nature of deep lithosphere. These processes took place in three periods: (1) Late Paleozoic to Early Jurassic (～170 Ma); (2) Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (160–140 Ma); (3) Early Cretaceous to Cenozoic (140 Ma to present). The last two stages saw the lithospheric mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain response within the North China Craton due to subduction and retreating of the Paleo-Pacific plate, and is the emphasis in this paper. In the first period, the subduction and closure of the Paleo- Asian Ocean triggered the back-arc extension, syn-collisional compression and then post-collisional extension accompanied by ubiquitous magmatism along the northern margin of the NCC. Similar processes happened in the southern margin of the craton as the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean and collision with the South China Block. These processes had caused the chemical modification and mechanical destruction of the cratonic margins. The margins could serve as conduits for the asthenosphere upwelling and had the priority for magmatism and deformation. The second period saw the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk ocean and the shear deformation and magmatism induced by the drifting of the Paleo-Pacific slab. The former led to two pulse of N-S trending compression (Episodes A and B of the Yanshan Movement) and thus the pre-existing continental marginal basins were disintegrated into sporadically basin and range province by the Mesozoic magmatic plutons and NE-SW trending faults. With the anticlockwise rotation of the Paleo-Pacific moving direction, the subduction-related magmatism migrated into the inner part of the craton and the Tanlu fault became normal fault from a sinistral one. The NCC thus turned into a back-arc extension setting at the end of this period. In the third period, the refractory subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) was firstly remarkably eroded and thinned by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling, especially those beneath the weak zones (i.e., cratonic margins and the lithospheric Tanlu fault zone). Then a slightly lithospheric thickening occurred when the upwelled asthenosphere got cool and transformed to be lithospheric mantle accreted (～125 Ma) beneath the thinned SCLM. Besides, the magmatism continuously moved southeastward and the extensional deformations preferentially developed in weak zones, which include the Early Cenozoic normal fault transformed from the Jurassic thrust in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the crustal detachment and the subsidence of Bohai basin caused by the continuous normal strike slip of the Tanlu fault, the Cenozoic graben basins originated from the fault depression in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt, the Bohai Basin and the Sulu Orogenic belt. With small block size, inner lithospheric weak zones and the surrounding subductions/collisions, the Mesozoic NCC was characterized by (1) lithospheric thinning and crustal detachment triggered by the subduction-induced asthenospheric upwelling. Local crustal contraction and orogenesis appeared in the Trans-North Orogenic Belt coupled with the crustal detachment; (2) then upwelled asthenosphere got cool to be newly-accreted lithospheric mantle and crustal grabens and basin subsidence happened, as a result of the subduction zone retreating. Therefore, the subduction and retreating of the western Pacific plate is the outside dynamics which resulted in mantle replacement and coupled basin-mountain respond within the North China Craton. We consider that the Mesozoic decratonization of the North China Craton, or the Yanshan Movement, is a comprehensive consequence of complex geological processes proceeding surrounding and within craton, involving both the deep lithospheric mantle and shallow continental crust. 相似文献
10.
云南地区地处青藏高原东南缘,一直是地球科学研究的热点地区.目前,一些热点问题,如云南地区是否存在中下地壳低速流及其空间分布,仍有一定的争议.通过建立云南地区精细的地壳上地幔速度与各向异性结构,可为深入认识上述问题提供重要信息.本文利用天然地震波形记录,采用双台法提取了12~60 s周期的Rayleigh和Love波相速度频散,并进一步反演获得了云南地区10~100 km的三维地壳上地幔SV和SH波速度及径向各向异性结构.结果表明：S波速度与径向各向异性结构在横向和垂向均存在显著变化.在20~30 km深度,存在两个低速条带,且条带内呈现出正径向各向异性（VSH>VSV）特征,暗示了中下地壳低速物质的水平向运动.在80~100 km深度,云南西南和东南部显示为低速异常和正径向各向异性特征,暗示了软流圈物质的水平流动.在云南北部的丽江、攀枝花和昭通地区,岩石圈地幔中则存在明显的负径向各向异性（VSH<VSV）,可能反映了地幔物质的上涌痕迹.历史强震多发生在地壳低速区域或高低速过渡带,且地震附近的径向各向异性为负或者较弱.一些地震震源下方存在低速层,地壳低速层可能会促进强震发生. 相似文献
11.
D. C. Almond 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1974,38(1):345-360
Six new analyses of young basaltic rocks from the Bayuda field show the predominant rock types to be strongly undersaturated basanites and nepheline trachybasalts. Both types are believed to represent magmas of deep-seated origin. Similar rocks are widely distributed in north-east Africa but mildly alkaline to tholeiitic basalts were erupted along the eastern margin of the continent in early and late Cainozoic times, whereas along the Tripoli-Tibesti zone to the west mildly alkaline basalts were probably confined to the early Tertiary. The Tripoli-Tibesti zone was one of uplift and strongly tensional tectonics in the late Mesozoic and early Cainozoic, and at this time may have been a line of potential lithospheric rifting, but a period of quiescence followed and resurgence of activity in the late Cainozoic produced weaker tensional structures and more strongly alkaline basic magmas. The region between these two main zones of activity was characterized throughout by intermittent alkaline volcanicity and weak tectonism. Neverthless, fracture zones which apparently controlled the volcanicity are beginning to be recognized in this area. It is argued that African volcanic activity is related to linear, rather than circumscribed, areas of mantle activity. Possible connections with epeirogenic movements within the Alpine orogenic belt appear to have been neglected in the debate on the causes of African igneous activity. 相似文献
12.
郯庐断裂带是中国东部规模最大的构造活动带,有着复杂的形成演化历史,对中国东部的区域构造、岩浆活动、矿产资源的形成和分布以及现代地震活动都有重要控制作用.2010年在郯庐断裂带中南段的江苏宿迁市附近,采用深地震反射探测方法对郯庐断裂带及其两侧地块的岩石圈结构进行了解剖.结果表明,该区莫霍面和岩石圈底界均向西倾,其中,地壳厚度约为31~36km,岩石圈厚度约为75~86km,且岩石圈厚度在郯庐断裂带下方出现突变.郯庐断裂带在剖面上表现为由多条主干断裂组成的花状构造,其内部发育有断陷盆地和挤压褶皱,具有伸展、挤压和走滑并存的构造形迹,暗示郯庐断裂带的形成和演化经历了多期复杂的构造活动.这一断裂带错断了近地表沉积层,向下切割莫霍面和岩石圈地幔,属岩石圈尺度的深大断裂构造系统.软流圈高温高压热物质沿断裂带的上涌、岩浆底侵或热侵蚀作用造成岩石圈出现拉张伸展和岩石圈减薄,并可能使岩石圈组构及其物质成分发生改变.本项研究结果不但可进一步加深对郯庐断裂带深、浅部结构的认识,而且还可为分析研究华北克拉通东部的深部过程和浅部构造响应提供资料约束. 相似文献
13.
根据近十年来区域台网的P波初动方向观测资料,得到了鄂尔多斯地块周围13个分区的综合地震节面解;结合已有的结果进行分析,地块周围确实存在有别于华北地区地壳应力场基本情况的小区域应力场:地块西南边缘的六盘山褶皱带处于北东东向的水平挤压应力状态;地块边缘的断陷盆地处于北西向的水平拉张应力状态,尤其是渭河盆地到临汾盆地的主压应力轴已近于直立;地块西北角和东北角处于北西向的水平拉张与北东向的水平挤压共同作用的应力状态;在地块的西面与北面,从北到南和由西往东,主压应力轴的走向由北北东向逐渐转变为近东西向。 此外,还对本文结果在板内动力学中的意义进行了简要的讨论。 相似文献
14.
David Boutelier Alexandre Chemenda Cedric Jorand 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,222(1):209-216
Thermo-mechanical physical modelling of continental subduction is performed to investigate the exhumation of deeply subducted continental crust. The model consists of two lithospheric plates made of new temperature sensitive analogue materials. The lithosphere is underlain by liquid asthenosphere. The continental lithosphere contains three layers: the weak sedimentary layer, the crust made of a stronger material, and of a still stronger lithospheric mantle. The whole model is subjected to a constant vertical thermal gradient, causing the strength reduction with depth in each lithospheric layer. Subduction is driven by both push force and pull force. During subduction, the subducting lithosphere is heating and the strength of its layers reduces. The weakening continental crust reaches maximal depth of about 120 km and cannot subduct deeper because its frontal part starts to flow up. The subducted crust undergoes complex deformation, including indicated upward ductile flow of the most deeply subducted portions and localised failure of the subducted upper crust at about 50-km depth. This failure results in the formation of the first crustal slice which rises up between the plates under the buoyancy force. This process is accompanied by the delamination of the crustal and mantle layers of the subducting lithosphere. The delamination front propagates upwards into the interplate zone resulting in the formation of two other crustal slices that also rise up between the plates. Average equivalent exhumation rate of the crustal material during delamination is about 1 cm/year. The crust-asthenosphere boundary near the interplate zone is uplifted. The subducted mantle layer then breaks off, removing the pull force and thereby stopping the delamination and increasing horizontal compression of the lithosphere. The latter produces shortening of the formed orogen and the growth of relief. The modelling reveals an interesting burial/exhumation evolution of the sedimentary cover. During initial stages of continental subduction the sediments of the continental margin are dragged to the overriding plate base and are partially accreted at the deep part of the interplate zone (at 60-70 km-depth). These sediments remain there until the beginning of delamination during which the pressure between the subducted crust and the overriding plate increases. This results in squeezing the underplated sediments out. Part of them is extruded upwards along the interplate zone to about 30-km depth at an equivalent rate of 5-10 cm/year. 相似文献
15.
Morphologic and geologic observations suggest that subduction of bathymetric highs, such as aseismic ridges, chains of seamounts, and fracture zones, are important in the development of many forearc features and that those features form during relatively brief episodes of intense tectonism. A bathymetric high obliquely entering a subduction zone tends to compress sediments along its leading edge, resulting in arcward compression of the accretionary wedge. A landward deflection of the trench axis and a steepened inner wall result from this deformation. If a significant component of oblique slip occurs along the subduction zone, then along-strike movement of the accretionary wedge may also occur. Stresses resulting from subduction of bathymetric features with sufficient buoyancy or high relief extend farther landward than in the case of smaller, less buoyant features, inducing uplift of the leading edge of the overriding plate. Tectonic erosion of the base of the overriding plate and along-strike transport of are material may also occur. The accelerated tectonism observed along several convergent margins can be attributed to the consumption of bathymetric irregularities on the seafloor rather than temporally abrupt changes in rates and directions of plate motions or other episodic events in the accretionary prism. 相似文献
16.
Zhou Rongjun 《中国地震研究》2005,19(3):292-305
INTRODUCTIONGeological investigations since the1970s have shown that the sub_longitudinal Jinshajiang andHonghe(Red River)fault zones constitutethe western boundary of“Rhombic Sichuan_Yunnan Block”onthe Sichuan_Tibet border and display mainly dextral sh… 相似文献
17.
长江中下游成矿带位于大别造山带、长江中下游凹陷、江南隆起带等大地构造单元结合部位,通过在研究区内布设两条首尾相接共计150km长的大地电磁剖面,获得了50km以浅岩石圈尺度的电性分布.长江中下游地区中段地下电性结构显示出在地下10km和30km处分别存在明显的圈层结构,以此认为现今横向稳定的"电莫霍"反映了研究区经历燕山期陆内构造-岩浆活动后已基本上完成壳幔重新平衡;而分隔大地构造单元的郯庐断裂带、长江断裂带以及江南断裂带在电性上具有特征的梯度显现,在印支造山期后的引张背景下,断裂带成为强伸展活动带与控制了燕山期大范围的陆内岩浆活动;高导地幔的局域性存在以及从北向南地幔导电性的变化反映了在经受深部动力学过程中处于不同大地构造部位的地幔所遭受的不同类型的改造以及地幔深部的构造极性. 相似文献
18.
Anomalous geomagnetic variations have been observed at all geomagnetic stations in South India and they have earlier been attributed to ocean and crustal conductors. The spectral character of induced variations indicate that, in addition to coastal effects and channelling of currents through the Palk Straits, there is a concentration of currents in a conducting body at deeper levels in the crust or mantle.Current thinking on crustal evolution and the influence of Precambrian lineaments on tectonism and mineralisation up to recent times, provides support for the conjecture that zones of high electrical conductivity exist in the crust, which are related to tectonic and mineral influences. The Eastern Ghats and granulite terrain of South India and Sri Lanka are probably associated with such a zone of fundamental weakness in the crust. Extended graphite mineralisation along the Eastern Ghats, occurrence of economic graphite deposits near Trivandrum and in Sri Lanka and the association of alkaline and ultrabasic metallic minerals with deep faults in South India are indications of the possible chemical causes of high electrical conductivity in some regions of the crust.Similar relations between induced anomalous variations and tectonism and mineralisation in the Precambrian crystalline crust have been found in North America and Scotland. However, the regions of high electrical conductivity have not yet been mapped in detail in South India to confirm such a relationship. 相似文献
19.
西南印度洋中脊为典型的超慢速扩张洋中脊,其岩浆补给具有不均匀分布的特征.洋壳厚度是洋中脊和热点岩浆补给的综合反映,因此反演洋壳厚度是研究大尺度洋中脊和洋盆岩浆补给过程的一种有效方法.本文通过对全球公开的自由空气重力异常、水深、沉积物厚度和洋壳年龄数据处理得到剩余地幔布格重力异常,并反演西南印度洋地区洋壳厚度,定量地分析了西南印度洋的洋壳厚度分布及其岩浆补给特征.研究发现,西南印度洋洋壳平均厚度7.5 km,但变化较大,标准差可达3.5 km,洋壳厚度的频率分布具有双峰式的混合偏态分布特征.通过分离双峰统计的结果,将西南印度洋洋壳厚度分为0~4.8 km的薄洋壳、4.8~9.8 km的正常洋壳和9.8~24 km的厚洋壳三种类型,洋中脊地区按洋壳厚度变化特征可划分为7个洋脊段.西南印度洋地区薄洋壳受转换断层控制明显,转换断层位移量越大,引起的洋壳减薄厚度越大,减薄范围与转换断层位移量不存在明显相关性.厚洋壳主要受控于该区众多的热点活动,其中布维热点、马里昂热点和克洛泽热点的影响范围分别约340 km,550 km和900 km.Andrew Bain转换断层北部外角形成厚的洋壳,具有与快速扩张洋中脊相似的转换断层厚洋壳特征. 相似文献
20.
川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究 总被引：95，自引：22，他引：95
根据云南和四川地震台网174个台站记录的4625个区域地震初至Ｐ波和Ｓ波走时资料，并结合其它深部地球物理资料，确定了川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构．在上地壳速度异常分布中，四川盆地为正异常，川西高原为负异常，龙门山断裂带为正、负异常的边界．龙门山断裂、鲜水河断裂以及红河断裂等，在下地壳和上地幔的速度异常中仍显示出构造分界特征，说明它们可能穿透了莫霍界面．腾冲火山区和攀西构造带在50km深度上呈现负速度异常，与上地幔温度和物质组成的差异相联系．川滇地区地壳结构的总体特征是:地壳和上地幔的低平均速度，地壳厚度变化剧烈，地壳和（或）上地幔存在高导层、高热流值．这些同印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的构造背景有关．川滇菱形块体在地壳内总体上为正常或正异常速度，而其边界的深大走滑断裂存在负速度异常，它有助于地壳块体沿断裂的侧向挤出．在主要的地震带上，中下地壳的负速度异常与地震活动性相关．多数强烈地震发生在具有正速度异常或正常速度分布的上中地壳深度上，而其下方则通常是负速度异常带． 相似文献