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铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)生长及光合活性对温度和光照交互作用的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 通过室内纯培养,分别设定不同温度梯度(14、16、18℃)和光照梯度(100、250、360 μmol/(m2·s)),以模拟全球气候变化条件下,温带湖泊春季温度升高与光照减弱交互作用对铜绿微囊藻和蛋白核小球藻生长和光合活性的影响.通过流式细胞计数测定其生长曲线,观测其变化趋势,并利用叶绿素荧光仪PHYTO-PAM测定藻类光合活性.结果表明,当温度为18℃,光强为100μmol/(m2·s)时,铜绿微囊藻生长速率最大,细胞密度达到2.99×106cells/ml.在该温度和光照强度下,其光合活性也远高于其他实验组,其Fv/Fm值达到最大值0.39.蛋白核小球藻在温度为16和18℃时,其生长速率差异不大,但明显高于在温度为14℃时的生长速率,其光合活性处于波动状态.与蛋白核小球藻相比,温度升高和光照减弱对铜绿微囊藻生长和光合活性的促进作用更为明显,而且随着温度的升高,铜绿微囊藻生长对低光的偏好更为显著.因此,全球变暖所导致的高温低光环境可能有利于确立铜绿微囊藻在湖泊中的优势地位. 相似文献
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以巢湖优势种铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.)为研究对象,研究不同温度(35、25和10℃)对这两种藻生长特性和胞外有机物产生的影响.结果表明,温度对铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻的藻细胞密度、碱性磷酸酶活性和胞外有机物浓度影响显著.25℃是铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻最适宜的生长温度,最高细胞密度分别达到3.12×107cells/ml和2.03×107 cells/ml.不同温度下两种藻的碱性磷酸酶活性特征,证实了高温对鱼腥藻生长的抑制和低温对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制.胞外有机物释放总量受蓝藻生物量和单位细胞有机物释放速率的影响.铜绿微囊藻的溶解性有机碳和胞外总多糖释放量在25℃最高,最大值分别为49.28和38.46 mg/L;而鱼腥藻在35℃时释放量最高,最大值分别为45.82和40.60 mg/L;10℃条件抑制了两种藻的生长及胞外有机物的释放.鱼腥藻胞外多糖含量在35℃培养条件下最高,而铜绿微囊藻在10℃条件下最高,说明不利的生长条件会促进蓝藻胞外多糖的分泌.三维荧光图谱分析结果表明,铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻胞外有机物以类蛋白质和类腐殖酸为主,温度主要影响藻细胞胞外有机物浓度,而对有机物种类组成没有影响. 相似文献
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利用自行研制的光生物反应器,以水库中典型的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)为研究对象,研究了两种藻类在光照强度周期性波动条件下的抑制特性.结果表明,相对恒定时平均光照强度6100 lx而言,在光照强度周期性波动条件下,在培养至24天时,铜绿微囊藻生物量降低14%、颜色稍黄,斜生栅藻生物量降低24%、藻体严重泛黄;铜绿微囊藻的叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量分别降低12.7%和55.5%,斜生栅藻的叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量分别降低78%和74%;模拟内波的周期性波动光强下,两种藻的光合作用参数Fv/Fm、YⅡ和ETR下降,热耗散量NPQ增高,且光合作用受到抑制,生长代谢能力减弱,这为内波控藻提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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富营养湖泊中蓝藻水华对枝角类种群和群落结构有显著的影响,但自然条件下群体微囊藻对大型枝角类溞属不同种类的影响仍存在争议.本研究通过两次为期各10 d的模拟实验,利用过滤后的太湖原水模拟群体微囊藻(20～100μm和100 ～200 μm)添加对大型枝角类同形溞(Daphnia similis)种群特征的影响,结果显示两次实验的同形溞均大量存活,不同浓度和颗粒大小的群体微囊藻对其生长和繁殖的影响不同,添加群体微囊藻的同形溞的生长和繁殖显著大于未添加微囊藻的.说明在自然条件下藻毒素对同形溞种群并没有明显的抑制作用,同形溞能够与微囊藻水华共存,其种群特征与微囊藻群体大小组成和生物量有关. 相似文献
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利用流式细胞仪研究温度对两种藻竞争的影响 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
为研究温度对微囊藻优势形成的影响,本试验利用流式细胞仪研究了不同温度时铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aerugi- nosa)与蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)间的竞争关系,在单独培养和混合培养条件下分别对两种藻细胞密度比值和细胞内叶绿素a(Chla)荧光强度进行了测定．结果表明在本试验条件下,随着温度的升高(18℃,25℃和32℃),混合培养组中微囊藻优势逐渐明显,小球藻Chla荧光强度随着温度的升高而升高,微囊藻Chla荧光强度随着温度的升高却有所降低．说明在光照适宜、高营养盐的水体中,较高的温度对铜绿微囊藻成为优势种具有明显的促进作用,进而影响着微囊藻水华的形成． 相似文献
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利用MODIS高光谱遥感数据动态监测太湖地区蓝藻水华发展过程,并结合水温环境因子,探讨蓝藻爆发的环境条件.首先,通过简单的比值植被指数,实现蓝藻生物量的遥感估算;根据六期遥感估算结果,监测太湖蓝藻动态发展过程.然后,利用MODIS热红外波段(31和32),采用分裂窗算法,同步反演出的太湖表面水体温度,探讨蓝藻爆发的水温条件,及蓝藻生长与水-温度之间的关系.研究结果表明,在水体富营养化前提下,水体温度是影响蓝藻生长的重要环境因子;合适的水体温度(24-30℃)是蓝藻爆发的必要条件;大于30℃的高温,对蓝藻的生长有明显的抑制作用. 相似文献
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研究了四种胁迫条件下微囊藻衰亡过程以及衰亡过程中生长生理与抗氧化酶系统的变化以及胁迫30d后转入正常培养后的微囊藻的生长变化过程.将对数生长期的微囊藻分别转入氮饥饿、磷饥饿、黑暗及10℃低温等胁迫条件下培养,测定光密度OD680、叶绿索a、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等生理指标.结果表明,在黑暗和低温条件下,微囊藻生长受到明显抑制,但黑暗条件下25d后微囊藻衰亡,低温条件下仅需7d;与物理因子引起的胁迫相比.在营养胁迫条件下,微囊藻在胁迫前期均表现出生长趋势.N饥饿条件下叶绿素a含量从开始胁迫后即下降,P饥饿20d后叶绿素a含量以0.1mg/(L·d)急剧下降,在四种胁迫条件中下降速率最高,表明微囊藻对P的耐受能力最差.根据实验结果,在长期没有外来P源供给而内部又无可得P源的水体中、或者水温急剧下降到1012以下时,微囊藻水华可能会快速衰亡,相应的应急措施应准备到位,以尽量减轻水体微囊藻水华衰亡带来的损失.SOD与CAT活性的上升与叶绿素a含量的下降存在显著相关性,可以尝试将两者结合预测微囊藻水华的衰亡.本研究在实验室条件下初步探讨了四种环境因子对微囊藻消亡的贡献,比较了SOD与CAT活性与叶绿素a含量下降的相关性,为微囊藻水华衰亡预测体系的建立提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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富营养化是现今各国面临的主要水环境问题,其中蓝藻水华暴发是全球富营养化水体最常见的现象之一.蓝藻水华将产生大量的蓝藻碎屑,其对水质及生物的影响还尚不清楚.本研究通过向中宇宙系统添加微囊藻碎屑,分析其对水体不同形态营养盐及水生生物生物量的影响.结果表明:微囊藻碎屑加入后,水体不同形态的营养盐浓度均在短期内迅速增加,其中水体总氮和总磷平均浓度最高分别达到3.86和0.36 mg/L;浮游植物生物量(用叶绿素a表示)在前9天随营养盐浓度的升高而增加,随后逐渐下降至实验初始水平.此外,附着藻类生物量在微囊藻碎屑加入后呈逐渐下降趋势,这可能与浮游植物快速增殖引起的水体透明度下降有关.微囊藻碎屑加入后,水丝蚓生物量随微囊藻碎屑的分解持续增长,在第20天达到生物量最大值.本研究通过模拟太湖梅梁湾生态系统,探讨微囊藻碎屑对水质及水生生物生物量的影响,结果有助于进一步了解蓝藻水华对水生态系统影响的途径及机理,为富营养化湖泊管理提供理论依据. 相似文献
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以铜绿微囊藻、蛋白核小球藻及梅尼小环藻为研究对象,分析了春季藻类演替期间主要门类藻对温度波动的响应,实验在恒温(20℃)和昼夜波动(20±5℃)2种温度模式下测定了3种藻的生长和不同形态多糖含量的变化.结果表明,蛋白核小球藻的生长曲线在不同处理条件下没有显著性差异,铜绿微囊藻和梅尼小环藻的生长曲线在波动温度组显著低于恒定温度组,而且温度波动对梅尼小环藻的生长抑制明显强于铜绿微囊藻.随着实验的进行,3种藻在2个温度处理组中的生长速率逐渐趋近,无显著差异,但是在实验中段3种藻的生长速率对2个温度处理的响应差异显著,其中温度波动对蛋白核小球藻的生长速率起到了显著的抑制作用,对梅尼小环藻起到短暂的显著抑制作用,而对铜绿微囊藻的生长速率无显著性影响,表明铜绿微囊藻对短期(3~6 d)的温度波动表现出较强的适应能力.铜绿微囊藻的游离多糖含量在温度波动条件下显著增加,而固着多糖和总多糖的含量显著减少;蛋白核小球藻和梅尼小环藻多糖的含量没有显著性变化,表明温度波动可能不利于铜绿微囊藻固着多糖的积累.因此,相对短期的温度波动有利于铜绿微囊藻生长优势的确立与维持,而相对长期的温度波动可能会通过影响铜绿微囊藻固着多糖的积累而影响其生长优势的维持. 相似文献
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细菌群落组成对微囊藻水华分解过程的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探究细菌群落组成对微囊藻水华腐败分解过程的响应,在太湖梅梁湾沿岸进行为期11 d的原位围隔实验,模拟蓝藻水华聚集分解过程,并监测了此过程中水体环境因子和细菌群落组成.结果表明,水体理化因子和细菌群落组成在微囊藻水华分解的过程中发生了显著变化.冗余分析显示细菌的群落组成与水体氧化还原环境(溶解氧或氧化还原电位)、pH值、浮游植物生物量和营养盐浓度(总磷、硝态氮浓度)密切相关.研究还发现了某些与微囊藻水华分解密切相关的特殊细菌类群,其中隶属于黄杆菌科(拟杆菌门)的一个类群在微囊藻厌氧分解的阶段占据显著优势,其功能有待于进一步研究. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献