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大量研究表明,流体在断层弱化中起着非常重要的作用.在地壳浅部脆性域,自由水通过流体孔隙压力减小断层有效正压力,从而降低断层摩擦强度;在地壳深部,矿物中的微量结构水弱化岩石流变强度.另外,流体-岩石相互作用等化学过程,如长石水解反应,对断层强度的影响也非常显著.断层深部流体通过物理作用与化学作用影响着岩石的变形机制,从而影响断层力学性质与地震孕育和发生.断层内部流体孔隙压力周期性变化是断层带脆-塑性转化、裂缝张开与愈合等的直接体现,这种变化控制着断层强度与强震周期性发生现象. 相似文献
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不同温压条件下饱水砂岩的变形破坏与孔隙压力问题的试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文通过不同温度与围压条件下的岩石三轴试验,研究了水、温度、有效围压对饱水的新沂砂岩变形破坏过程的影响及此过程中孔隙压力变化的特征。研究结果表明:(1)饱水砂岩的强度比风干岩石低20—30％,而排水条件下的这种差异更大;(2)岩石变形破坏过程中,孔隙压力的变化可划分出四个基本阶段:上升、缓升、下降与保持不变阶段,其中第二阶段相当于微破裂发生阶段,第三阶段相当于微破裂发展成为宏观破坏的阶段;(3)饱水砂岩的强度随环境温度的升高和有效围压的下降而减小,而且排水条件也促使强度降低,因此可以推断,井孔水位对震前异常反映灵敏的岩石力学与水动力学条件是:含水层的渗透性强、温度高、埋深浅、水头高。 相似文献
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本文通过氡射气性能的压力实验,氡射气分配系数实验和岩石的溶滤实验等,对地下水氡及其它地震地球化学前兆机理进行了探讨。实验表明:氡射气的最高值发生在岩石严重破裂时;岩石射气性能高低与其本身的铀含量成正比;岩石在压力作用下射出的氡气在水中的分配大于在气相中的分配;岩石在饱和CO_2水中和压力作用下的溶滤程度要比在纯蒸馏水中和常压下大得多。因此,地震前地下水氡浓度和水中离子组分和气体组分会出现异常变化,而这种变化既与应力作用有关,又与地球内部水-气-岩系统在地震孕育过程中的物理化学作用有关 相似文献
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压力和温度变化对水平摆倾斜仪测量的干扰主要表现在对仪器和基础的干扰。现有的水平摆倾斜仪和基础都是采用不同的材料制作,又采取不同方式安装的。几年来,我们先后采用了整体岩石基础、不锈钢三角基座、玻璃棒三 相似文献
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利用较大岩石样品,实验研究了加载时同时向样品内注水过程中穿过样品超声波波速和尾波Ｑｃ值的变化特征。结果表明,在压力作用下,岩石破坏前通过岩石的尾波Ｑｃ值下降,如果有压力水进入,则岩石的尾波值Ｑｃ会大幅下降。因此,我们可以认为,地壳岩石破坏发生地震前的尾波下降的物理机制是岩石在压力产生扩容裂隙及流体进入裂隙双重作用的结果。 相似文献
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为明确前期风场对太湖北部湖湾水动力及蓝藻水华分布的影响,对2008年9月梅粱湾及贡湖湾水文、水质及气象开展了同步观测,结果表明:受前期东北风影响,梅梁湾及贡湖湾表层、中层及底层湖流流向均顺风向自湾内流向湾外,两个湖湾均不存在补偿流.表层湖流对风场变化响应敏感,而中场及底层流场对风场变化响应存在显著滞时.在偏南风作用下,梅梁湾表层湖流能快速形成顺时针环流.在偏西风作用下,贡湖湾表层湖流流向虽未发生偏转,但是湖流流速显著减小并导致流速沿水体垂向呈递增分布.观测期间水动力强度对太湖北部湖区叶绿素a浓度垂向分层及蓝藻水华水平漂移均具有重要影响.在水动力滞缓水域,蓝藻水华易在水表发生漂移堆积.在水动力强度较大水域,强烈的垂向混合作用能使蓝藻沿水深方向混合均匀,降低水华暴发风险.相对于水动力条件,营养盐对叶绿素a浓度空间分布的影响较弱. 相似文献
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前期风场控制的太湖北部湖湾水动力及对蓝藻水华影响 总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1
为明确前期风场对太湖北部湖湾水动力及蓝藻水华分布的影响,对2008年9月梅梁湾及贡湖湾水文、水质及气象开展了同步观测,结果表明:受前期东北风影响,梅梁湾及贡湖湾表层、中层及底层湖流流向均顺风向自湾内流向湾外,两个湖湾均不存在补偿流.表层湖流对风场变化响应敏感,而中场及底层流场对风场变化响应存在显著滞时.在偏南风作用下,梅梁湾表层湖流能快速形成顺时针环流.在偏西风作用下,贡湖湾表层湖流流向虽未发生偏转,但是湖流流速显著减小并导致流速沿水体垂向呈递增分布.观测期间水动力强度对太湖北部湖区叶绿素a浓度垂向分层及蓝藻水华水平漂移均具有重要影响.在水动力滞缓水域,蓝藻水华易在水表发生漂移堆积.在水动力强度较大水域,强烈的垂向混合作用能使蓝藻沿水深方向混合均匀,降低水华暴发风险.相对于水动力条件,营养盐对叶绿素a浓度空间分布的影响较弱. 相似文献
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Seismic wave propagation in viscoelastic and saturated rock 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Considering engineering practice, the viscoelastic two-phase model is adopted, seismic wave propagation in saturated rock
is studied. Not only the effect of the viscosity of rock skeleton but also the effect of ground water on the propagation of
the seismic wave can be considered by this model, the propagation characteristics of seismic wave in saturated rock can be
understood comprehensively and the model is more reasonable than other model by which seismic wave propagation is studied.
The effect of frequency, water content and viscosity constant on the wave velocity and attenuation are studied by numerical
examples and some valuable conclusions are drawn. 相似文献
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J. Qian 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1984,122(6):901-920
Electrical resistivity measurements have been conducted as a possible means for obtaining precursory earthquake information. Before five great earthquakes (M>7,h<25 km) in China, the apparent resistivity
a
showed systematic variations within a region 200 km from the epicenters. In particular, 9 stations in the Tangshan-Tianjin-Beijing region prior to the Tangshan earthquake (M=7.8,h=11 km, 27 July 1976) showed a consistent decrease of apparent resistivity around the epicenter, with a maximum resistivity change of 6% and a period of variation of 2–3 years. Simultaneous water table observations in this region showed a declining water table, and ground surface observations indicated a slight (5 mm) uplift in the epicenter region relative to its surroundings.In order to develop an explanation for the observed change of apparent resistivity associated with these great earthquakes, we have used Archie's Law to explore the effects of changes in rock porosity, water content and electrolyte resistivity on measured resistivity.Tentative conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) the apparent resistivity change is opposite to the effect expected from the simultaneous water table trend; (2) the dilatancy needed to give such resistivity variations (assuming Archie's Law holds) is much larger than that needed to explain the observed uplift (by 2–3 orders of magnitude); (3) salinity change in the pore electrolyte is a possible explanation for the variation in resistivity: an increase in the salinity would cause a proportional decrease in resistivity; the data needed to test this hypothesis, however, are lacking; and (4) the effect of changing geometry of rock pores or cracks due to pressure solution may provide an explanation for the decrease in apparent resistivity; it is different in nature from the effect of a volume change in response to stress although the geometry change is also closely related to the stress change. 相似文献
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A laboratory simulation of rock breakdown due to freeze-thaw in a maritime Antarctic environment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kevin Hall 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1988,13(4):369-382
Results of freeze-thaw simulations on three large blocks of quartz-micaschist are presented. Three types of water to ice phase change were identified from temperature and ultrasonic measurements. It is suggested that the type of phase change results from a particular combination of rock moisture content, solute concentration, freeze amplitude, and rate of fall of temperature. The temperature at which ice thawed inside the rock (?0.7 to ?1.9°C) was also found, and this indicates the possibility of freeze-thaw effects without positive temperatures. Approximately 80 per cent of the water that will freeze under natural conditions, in the Maritime Antarctic environment under study, appears to have done so by ?6°. 相似文献
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The aim of this paper is to study the vadose zone dynamics during a hydrological cycle. The application of the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method to determine the water content of porous rock has been widely investigated. More than 657 point measurements of rock water content observed during a hydrological cycle and distributed among three abandoned underground quarries in Gironde, France show a permanently undersaturated limestone. Two periods of maximum water content correspond to two occurring effective precipitations. The dephasing and amplitude attenuation of the hydraulic wave with the depth can be modelled and explained by the physical properties of the porous medium. Maps of the spatial distribution of water content show the heterogeneity of water flow in a vadose zone. 相似文献
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YRY-4型钻孔应变观测抽水影响分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
分析泰安基准地震台YRY-4型钻孔应变仪仪器受不同位置抽水的影响,就地下岩石含水变化所产生的地形变干扰,简要分析地下水与地下岩石间的相互作用。这对地震前兆的研究有重要实用意义。 相似文献
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介绍了将混合理论用于结构泥质、将基于距离的升尺度(DBU)方法用于层状泥质电性研究的原理和方法,通过对实际岩心资料以及井资料的分析处理,证实了将混合理论用于结构泥质、将DBU方法用于层状泥质砂岩电性研究的合理性,最后利用上述方法进一步分析了泥质含量、泥质的分布形式等对泥质砂岩电阻率的影响及规律,研究结果表明:随着泥质含量的增加,泥质砂岩电阻率逐渐降低,且降低的幅度随含水饱和度的降低而增大;当测量电流方向与层状泥质垂直时,泥质对电性的影响较弱,但层状泥质和结构泥质的相对含量对结果的影响很大;当测量电流方向与层状泥质平行时,泥质对电性的影响较强,但层状泥质和结构泥质的相对含量对结果的影响不大. 相似文献