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1.
利用在频率域中表达式只有一重贝塞尔函数的偶极子及其剖分模式,将回线源剖分成多个偶极子的矢量叠加,通过数字滤波法实现对其求解,求得频率域电磁场,再由余弦变换将频率域电磁场转化到时间域,实现定源瞬变电磁法大偏移距一维正演计算.对测点在回线源内部所采集二次场随不同偏移距的变化特征,以及在不同地电模型条件下的变化特征进行了模拟研究,发现与中心点相比二次场的变化主要集中在早期,即随着介质电阻率的降低、回线源的增大和偏移距的增大,变化就越大.采用带约束的正则化反演方法,同时对反演电阻率值采用可行的上下限约束方法,可以消除此变化特征,还原地层电性变化规律,提高处理精度. 相似文献
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为了分析海洋中含金属矿的储油气砂层的成分、结构对于海洋可控源电磁场的影响特征，引入多相微增等效介质模型，结合非结构化网格实现了海洋可控源电磁三维矢量有限元正演.首先对多相微增模型进行了介绍，并分析不同参数影响下的等效电导率变化特征.而后，详细推导了频率域可控源电磁法非结构化矢量有限元方程.接着，利用预处理的IDR （s）迭代算法求解线性方程组.最后设计典型的海洋地电模型，通过正演计算，验证了本文算法的正确性和有效性，同时研究了海洋储油砂层中的金属矿的含量、孔隙度、含水饱和度等参数对于可控源电磁场响应特征的影响. 相似文献
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本文采用传播矩阵技术研究并建立了层状正交各向异性地层中多分量感应测井响应的有效算法.首先通过Fourier变换将频率空间域中的Maxwell方程组求解问题转化为频率波数域中关于电磁场水平分量常微分方程组的定解问题.利用该方程组系数矩阵的本征值和归一化本征向量将电磁场分解成上行波和下行波模式的组合,推导出均匀正交各向异性介质中由任意方向磁偶极子产生的电磁波模式解析表达式;在此基础上,利用叠加原理和边界条件研究了电磁波在层状正交各向异性地层中的反射和透射,给出各个界面上的广义反射系数和不同地层中电磁波振幅的递推公式,进而得到电磁波模式的解析解.为了有效确定频率空间域中的电磁场,采用二维Patterson自适应求积算法结合有限连分式展开技术计算傅氏逆变换.最后通过数值模拟结果证明了该算法的有效性,考察了不同各向异性系数、不同井眼倾角以及仪器长度和工作频率变化等情况下的多分量感应测井响应特征. 相似文献
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提出了一套基于平面波分解的波动方程叠前地震数据深度偏移方法. 通过对共炮点道集和共偏移距道集地震数据的平面波分解，分别得到适用于单平方根波场外推方程和双平方根波场外推方程的共ps（炮点坐标平面波参数）平面波道集和共ph（偏移距坐标平面波参数）平面波道集. 在对共炮点道集和共偏移距道集地震数据的平面波分解时，不需要进行通常意义下的τ p变换计算. 通过对共ps平面波道集和共ph平面波道集的偏移效果对比，我们认为在速度弱横向变化介质中，两种平面波道集偏移方法的效果相当，但对于速度强横向变化介质，共ps平面波道集偏移方法的效果要优于共ph平面波道集偏移方法. 在计算效率方面，共ps平面波道集偏移方法与共ph平面波道集偏移方法基本相同. 相似文献
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现有海洋可控源电磁三维数值模拟方法大多基于电导率各向同性介质理论,不能模拟海底地层电导率各向异性的实际情况.本文给出了电导率各向异性三维介质中电性源海洋可控源电磁二次电场的边值问题以及相应的变分问题,采用长方体单元对研究区域剖分,将场分量定义在剖分单元的边上,利用矢量有限单元法求解变分问题,实现了电导率任意各向异性海洋可控源电磁三维矢量有限元数值模拟.这个新的正演方法可以计算电导率任意各向异性三维地电模型的海洋可控源电磁响应,基于二次场矢量有限元法直接求解电磁场,避免了传统有限元方法可能遇到的伪解问题和难于处理电场法向分量不连续的问题,提高了数值模拟计算精度.一维电导率各向异性模型电磁场数值解与解析解吻合得相当好,无论在源附近还是远离源处相对误差均不超过1%.电导率各向异性二维模型的计算结果与已有文献采用的非结构有限元模拟结果十分吻合.三维地电模型数值模拟结果显示,电导率各向异性张量电导率主轴分量和欧拉角对不同装置海洋可控源电磁响应均有着明显的影响. 相似文献
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为了提高海洋可控源电磁的地形响应模拟精度,探讨了三维交错网格剖分有限体积法求解频率域电磁场解的数值方法.在似稳场近似条件下,推导了有限差分法和有限体积法低频电磁场控制方程的离散表达式.通过对离散表达式的分析比较表明,有限体积法较之有限差分具有更高的计算精度,同时也具有与有限差分相当的计算效率.对含地形界面网格单元电导率采用加权平均处理,通过与二维有限元程序的计算结果对比,验证了该方法可以有效提高有限体积法对地形变化的模拟精度.应用有限体积法计算了一个三维带地形储层模型的可控源电磁响应,分析表明地形变化对电场分量影响明显,磁场分量对地形变化不敏感. 相似文献
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海洋可控源电磁法(mCSEM)的时间域冲激响应特征可以反映海底油气高阻薄层.本文计算了水平电偶极子源均匀大地半空间,海洋均匀双半空间和海洋四层模型的阶跃响应和冲激响应,提出了瞬变冲激时刻的概念.分析了水平电偶源瞬变冲激时刻与介质电导率的指示关系.对于海底油气高阻薄层宜采用多偏移距同时测量方式,由于在低电导率介质中电磁能量传播得要快,在适当的收发距瞬变冲激时刻会提前到达,提出的瞬变冲激时刻道间变化量可以明确指示高阻薄层的存在及埋深.文中还分析了海水深度对瞬变冲激时刻的影响.由于“天波”干扰,瞬变冲激响应受到一定收发距观测的限制.消除 “天波”影响是时间域和频率域mCSEM数据处理的研究热点. 相似文献
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本文提出了一种利用叠前CMP道集资料估计介质品质因子的方法,同时提出利用地震道间有效信号的相干性估计层位信息的方法.首先采用具有4个待定系数的函数去逼近震源子波,利用黏弹介质中单程波传播理论推导出地震子波包络峰值处的瞬时频率(EPIF)与不同偏移距处走时的关系;其次利用该关系,外推出该同相轴零偏移距处的EPIF,用小波域包络峰值处瞬时频率法(WEPIF)结合层位信息估计Q值.合成数据的结果表明,EPIFVO法(子波包络峰值瞬时频率随偏移距变化)无边界效应,计算精度相对较高;将该方法用于实际资料算例,结果表明,衰减强弱与储层的吸收有较好的对应关系. 相似文献
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大地电磁法一直以来基本都遵循场源为平面电磁波的假设,这种假设普遍适用于中高频的大地电磁研究,但在具有显著非平面波场特性的区域或开展长周期大地电磁研究时,则对场源平面波的理论基础带来了挑战,若不满足理论假设,将会导致深部探测的可靠性降低,勘探目标定位风险增高.本文通过选择线状、片状及非规则场源模型来模拟极光电集流、赤道环电流和横向波动的波数场源,开展了大地电磁场源效应的模拟研究,对比分析了非平面波模式和平面波模式的响应差别.模拟表明大地电磁场源效应强度与模型平均电阻率正相关,与频率和测点与源水平距离负相关,且与场源的高度、宽度和横向波长等参数均有关系,非平面波模式和平面波模式正演响应在一些情况下具有超过10％的差异.基于场源效应特征,归纳并提出了五种场源效应校正方法,一是计算极限模型来截断场源效应影响频段的频域截断法,二是对多个同步观测的邻近测点进行平均的测点平均法,三是延长测点观测时间的时间域延长法,四是剔除较强垂直磁场分量所对应场源效应较强段数据的时间域剔除法,五是直接考虑场源的反演,五种方法均能一定程度上降低大地电磁场源效应的影响.对于受场源效应影响的大地电磁数据,若直接采用平面波方式进行反演则可能在深部产生较大畸变,若在获知场源相关参数的基础上,可开展考虑场源的大地电磁反演来消除场源效应影响. 相似文献
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The frequency domain response of a grounded linear circuit is deduced. The model of the ground is a homogeneous conducting half-space whose horizontal and vertical conductivities are specified. The source itself is formulated as an insulated current-carrying wire of finite length lying on the surface that is grounded at its end points. The tangential electric field expressions are used to calculate the induced voltage between two additional electrodes that are connected by an insulated wire. Particular attention is paid to the transient coupling response in the potential circuit when the source current is a step-function of time. Among other things, it is shown that the voltage response is a step-function only if the circuits are at right-angles and if the ground is effectively isotropic and nonpolarizable. 相似文献
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Vibration screening effectiveness of a pair of in-filled trenches is numerically studied under conditions of plane strain using PLAXIS 2D in a linear elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous half-space acted upon by a steady-state vertical excitation. Barrier efficiency is analyzed in terms of reduction of vertical and horizontal vibration components with respect to the variations in barrier geometry and in-fill material parameters. The geometric features are normalized with respect to Rayleigh wavelength of vibration in soil. The in-fill trench material is considered to be softer and accordingly assigned lower shear wave velocities than the half-space. Non-dimensional design charts are developed and the key parameters participating in wave screening process are identified. Some recommendations are made regarding the optimal selection of these parameters. Comparison with a few published results shows close agreement. Such an isolation scheme may be advantageous in circumstances where a single trench requires unrealistic depth. 相似文献
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In this paper, closed-form analytic expressions for the frequency-wave number domain Fourier amplitudes of the displacement field at the free surface of a layered, anelastic half-space are established. The displacement field is caused by a seismic source described by a shear dislocation propagating with constant velocity over a rectangular fault (Haskell's model). Three-dimensional plane wave propagation is considered in the layered half-space using a propagator-based formalism. The wave radiation from the source is decoupled into P-SV and SH motions and the two problems are treated separately. First, analytic expressions are calculated for the displacement field at the free surface due to unidirectional unit impulses. Then, these expressions are used to compute solutions for the displacement field due to effective point sources associated with a pure strike slip and a pure dip slip. Finally, these solutions are combined and integrated over the rectangular fault area to establish closed-form analytic expressions of the total displacement field at the free surface. 相似文献
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均匀弹性半空间表面或内部震源产生的地震波场的解析解属于Lamb问题,采用Cagniard-deHoop方法,对与水平面呈任意夹角的表面线源,求解了其作用于弹性半空间时的拉普拉斯-傅里叶双积分变换解.以δ-脉冲函数为例,给出了任意方向作用力下波场的构成,并定量解出了P波、S波、首波和Rayleigh波等各波的位移表达式,分析了不同作用方向下各波位移的相对大小.建立数值模型并进行数值模拟,模拟结果验证了理论研究的正确性.研究成果为近地表地震波场的研究提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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A method for determination of characteristics of quasi-Rayleigh (qR) wave in a transversely isotropic homogeneous half-space with inclined axis of symmetry is outlined. The solution is obtained as a superposition of qP, qSV and qSH waves, and surface wave velocity is determined from the boundary conditions at the free surface and at infinity, as in case of Rayleigh wave in an isotropic half-space. Though the theory is simple enough, a numerical procedure for calculation of surface wave velocity presents some difficulties. The difficulty is caused by necessity to calculate complex roots of a non-linear equation, which in turn contains functions determined as roots of non-linear equations with complex coefficients. Numerical analysis shows that roots of the equation corresponding to the boundary conditions do not exist in the whole domain of azimuths and inclinations of the symmetry axis. The domain of existence of qR wave depends on the ratio of the elastic parameters: for some strongly anisotropic models the wave cannot exist at all. For some angles of inclination qR-wave velocities deviate from those calculated on the basis of the perturbation method valid for weak anisotropy, though they have the same tendency of variation with azimuth. The phase of qR wave varies with depth unlike Rayleigh wave in an isotropic half-space. Unlike Rayleigh wave in an isotropic half-space, qR wave has three components - vertical, radial and transverse. Particle motion in horizontal plane is elliptic. Direction of the major axis of the ellipsis coincides with the direction of propagation only in azimuths 0° (180°) and 90° (270°). 相似文献
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为了了解地震震源和地球介质的性质,很有必要对地震波的辐射、传播和衰减问题作仔细的分析。作为一种近似,可以暂且忽略地球的曲率,把传播地震波的地球介质视为多层半空间。为简便起见,地震波的衰减问题另作考虑。这样,便需要研究多层、均匀、各向同性和完全弹性半空间中地震震源辐射的地震波传播问题。 用哈斯克尔（Haskell）矩阵法解多层介质中弹性波的传播问题是很方便的。如果 相似文献
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S.H. Hall 《Geophysical Prospecting》1996,44(2):251-277
The rotating current EM method has been applied to the delineation of two conductive orebodies, Elura near Cobar, NSW, and Thalanga near Charter's Towers, Queensland. The field data were collected in the form of observations of the vertical magnetic field strength ratio and phase difference using a Turam-style receiver with twin vertical coils. By reconstituting this data back to the ring source field and phase, i.e. the observed Hz, phasor, it is possible to present contoured maps of the EM field. Anomaly phasors are obtained by subtracting theoretical phasors from the observed phasors in the complex plane of the Hz phasor. The theoretical phasors for the finite source are based on horizontally layered, half-space earth models, computed at each point of the survey grids, then normalized to selected points of the observed fields. Use is made of the intrinsic circular symmetry of the method in X–Y plots of field versus source-receiver distance to ascertain geoelectric parameters for the earth models. A steel picket fence at Thalanga is modelled by a line source grounded at each end and its Hz, phasor is removed by the same process. A considerable improvement in anomaly delineation is gained over previous Turam-style anomalies and the two survey examples illustrate the limitations of the method in the presence of a conductive overburden (Elura) and its abilities in the absence of a conductive overburden (Thalanga). 相似文献
18.
一、引言 地震面波的频散性质、地震波辐射的方向性等特性已经广泛地用于地壳和上地幔结构以及震源机制的研究中,并且取得了许多有用的成果.研究地震波如何从震源辐射出来、如何在实际介质中传播和衰减的这一问题,对于利用地震波确定地壳和上地幔结构以及震源的参数,是很有必要的.关于这一问题的研究,已经作过许多工作。已往的工作中,为了分析方便,往往采用简单的地壳-上地幔模型或简单的震源模型,或两者都相 相似文献
19.
Airborne EM skin depths 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
David Beamish 《Geophysical Prospecting》2004,52(5):439-449
Skin depth is an electromagnetic (EM) scale length that provides a measure of the degree of attenuation experienced by a particular frequency of an EM system. As has been discussed in the literature, skin depth is not a complete measure of the depth of investigation, but the two may be related. Frequency‐domain airborne EM systems employ pairs of transmitter and receiver coils that use a frequency range from several hundred hertz to over 100 kHz. For elevated dipoles, both geometrical and frequency‐dependent attenuation of the induced fields must be considered. For airborne EM systems it is possible to define a skin depth based only on the electric field induced by the transmitter. A vertical decay scale length, here defined from the at‐surface position of maximum electric field, enables the same skin‐depth estimate to be obtained for both cases of vertical and horizontal dipolar excitation. Such dipolar skin depths associated with towed‐bird and fixed‐wing airborne systems are studied in relation to frequency, conductivity and sensor elevation. Dipolar skin depths are found to be much smaller than their plane‐wave counterparts except at high frequency (>50 kHz) and in combination with high conductivity. For the majority of airborne systems the influence of altitude on skin depth is highly significant. Dipolar skin depths increase with increasing sensor elevation. Low frequencies display the greatest sensitivity. At low elevation (<40 m), geometrical attenuation dominates the behaviour of the skin depth. The study indicates that typical low‐altitude airborne surveys provide vertically compact assessments of subsurface conductivity, well suited to near‐surface, environmental applications. 相似文献
20.
In homogeneous half spaces excited by small buried, spherically symmetric P-wave sources, Rayleigh waves (R-waves) could be generated. The effects of the source depth on the induced wave pattern and propagation behavior of R-waves are analyzed using the thin layer method. When a cavity is present in a homogeneous half space, R-waves could be formed in the scattered wave field. It is found that the energy of R-waves in the incident (direct) surface wave-field is related to the ratio of the source depth to the wavelength of R-waves; R-waves have relatively strong energy when the ratio is less than 1; the buried source induced R-waves approximately travel at the velocity of the planar R-waves in the range of the offset beyond about one wavelength; the energy of R-waves in the back-scattered surface wave-field depends on the ratio of the depth of cavity to the wavelength of R-waves; and for the case of the cavity presented at depths less than one wavelength, R-waves can be clearly observed in the back-scattered wave field. The results are helpful for selecting the source depth and the frequency component in seismic surveys and interpreting both the incident wave and the scattered wave patterns. 相似文献