共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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L. Olayinka ASSEEZ 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):61-62
Abstract When a river flows into a reservoir, the solid materials it carries sink to the bottom thus reducing the potential reservoir capacity. The suspended load of eight major western rivers flowing into Kainji Lake was determined as a part of the investigation of the suspended sediment of the reservoir. The sediment content in each sample was determined in parts per million. On the whole the results of this study is in agreement with the previous conclusion that the sediment load of the Niger was low. A range of 29–221 ppm was observed within the reservoir whereas the concentration in the inflowing rivers varied from 122–953 ppm. It was however not possible to determine the total sediment load because discharge data were lacking. The data presented herein confirm the earlier conclusion that the rate of silting is slow but indicate that locally high rate of sediment supply should give cause for anxiety regarding the possible growth of deltas as the months of these rivers. The full potential of this study is difficult to assess at this stage but it has revealed a number of problem areas worth looking into in future years. A number of future studies believed to be capable of giving the necessary data for operation and management of the reservoir are recommended. 相似文献
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Charles W. CARLSTON 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):62-84
ABSTRACT Sir Charles Cotton (1964) has pointed out that in an earlier paper (Carlston, 1963) which related drainage density to hydrology, there was insufficient emphasis on the role of climate in its effect on drainage density. Re-examination of the relation of drainage density to base flow in the 15 basins originally described has revealed additional evidence that base flow is affected by precipitation or recharge (a climatic variable), while varying inversely with drainage density. Within the climatic region studied in the earlier paper (the Humid Subtropical Climate of the eastern U. S.), no evidence could be found that amount or intensity of rainfall affected the intensity of flood runoff or the scale of drainage density. In comparison with other climates, however, such as the Marine West Coast Climate, it is possible that the less intense precipitation of a marine climate may result in lower runoff intensities and lower drainage densities, however the lower mean temperatures of such climates may develop soils of generally higher infiltration capacity which would produce lower drainage densities. A progressive increase in aridity results in a decrease in soil and vegetal cover which greatly magnifies the range of drainage densities characteristic of semi-arid regions. In such regions, where the land sur-face has a good infiltration capacity rainfall sinks readily into the dry soil (although recharge to ground water may be negligible), and runoff is virtually zero, as is drainage density, Impermeable terranes devoid of vegetal and soil cover reject the rain, runoff is briefly total and drainage density may be greatly magnified, as in the South Dakota Badlands, where drainage density runs into the hundreds. Arid or Desert Climates should produce erosional landforms with generally high drainage densities, though not reaching the magnitudes of drainage density found in the semi-arid badlands where rainfall intensities are much higher. 相似文献
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J. C. SCHÖNFELD 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):11-22
Abstract The intrusion of seawater in a tidal river is treated as a diffusion problem, characterized by a coefficient of longitudinal diffusivity. In order to analyse the longitudinal diffusivity, a mathematical model is set up, consisting of two bodies of water, either one besides the other or one on top of the other. The two bodies are assumed to move relatively to each other, as a secondary effect of the tidal flow. It is moreover assumed that there is turbulent exchange of salt between the bodies. It is demonstrated that the diffusion of salt into the river is greatest for an optimum value of the coefficient of exchange between the two bodies. Exchange weaker or stronger than this optimum both diminish the salt intrusion. The theory is applied to the Rotterdam Waterway, for which estimates of the exchange are made. Estimation of the reduction of the turbulence by stratification and hence of the vertical exchange, shows that the observed strong intrusion is explainable. Intensified vertical mixing, for instance as provoked by compressed air, need not always result in less intrusion, and hence should be considered carefully. 相似文献
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ANDRÉ RENAUD 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):109-116
Abstract The authors give data of water infiltrations in horizontal and vertical columns, and in a two dimensional model. The soils are two mixtures of sand and loam, and a natural sandy loam. The characteristics of these soils are given in the article. As a conclusion, the two dimensional problem can be approached by a linear combination of data in horizontal and vertical columns. 相似文献
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Sergio E. Serrano 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):177-205
Abstract Mathematical models are the means to characterize variables quantitatively in many groundwater problems. Recent advances in applied mathematics have perfected what is now called Adomian's decomposition method (ADM), a simple modelling procedure for practical applications. Decomposition exhibits the benefits of analytical solutions (i.e. stability, analytic derivation of heads, gradients, fluxes and simple programming). It also offers the advantages of traditional numerical methods (i.e. consideration of heterogeneity, irregular domain shapes and multiple dimensions). In addition, decomposition is one of the few systematic procedures for solving nonlinear equations. By far its greatest advantage is its simplicity of application. It may produce simple results for preliminary simulations, or in cases with scarce information. The method is described with simple applications to regional groundwater flow. Many applications in groundwater flow and contaminant transport are available in the literature. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor Xi Chen Citation Serrano, S.E., 2013. A simple approach to groundwater modelling with decomposition. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (1), 1–9. 相似文献
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M. A. BENSON 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):5-6
Abstract This study was made to define the relation between floods in a humid region and the causative factors that account for their variability. The study covered the basic relationships between peak discharges and hydrologic factors as well as the practical working methods for generalizing the results on a regional basis. Statistical multiple-correlation techniques were applied to hydrologic data in New England. A field and library investigation of historical flood data extended the period of flood knowledge to as much as 300 years. The relation of many topographic and climatic factors to flood peaks was tested. Flood peaks with recurrence intervals at 9 levels, from 1.2 to 300 years, were related to 6 independent variables, 3 of which are topographic, 2 climatic, and 1 orographic. 相似文献
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H. G. WILM 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):5-16
Synopsis A method of synthesis has been used to combine the variables characterising sediment transport in laboratory flumes into nondimensional functional equations. These equations are used to provide a basis for logical data correlations. By selecting appropriate nondimensional groups the effect of variation of individual variables such as flume width, sediment grain size, etc., can be determined. It has been found that work of this nature is hampered by the small amount of data available from rational experimentation. Much of the published data is unsuitable for direct use in correlations but may be of use in the future once the trend of results has been predicted by more limited but more basic data. When sufficient data for the transport of light weight materials is available correlations of the type presented may provide a secure basis for the choice of bed material for hydraulic models. 相似文献
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G. Böhnecke 《Ocean Dynamics》1957,10(5):202-203
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我感谢Forsyth等对南纬18°地震活动性质的澄清,同时我认为地震活动与厄尔尼诺之间的关系是不清楚的。我也相信偏离洋脊轴线的地震活动本身未必跟厄尔尼诺有直接关系,并相信由远震记录得到的发生于遥远洋脊系上的许多地震是一种不伴随火山活动、其震中没有热液成分的洋脊外地震。然而,远震记录到的异常地震活动事件在发生时间上似乎与厄尔尼诺有某种同步性。怎么会是这样的?沿着洋脊系异常高的地震活动水平往往伴生异常的 相似文献
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《国际地震动态》1989,(5)
授予菲利普.H.艾布尔森(Philip HaugeAbelson)的史密斯奖章是为纪念把毕生精力都献给了科学,特别是地球物理学的两位科学家而设立的。艾布尔森对科学的贡献,包括他个人的研究工作,任《科学》杂志编辑期间的卓越的工作,以及他曾任美国地球物理联合会会长等都是众人皆知的。但是人们可能还不太知道他在把《地球物理研究》(JGR)杂志创办成为美国地球物理联合会的主要杂志和世界主要的地球物理编年史中所起的作用。在50年代中期,随着国际地球物理年来临,美国地球物理联合会的成员可在诸如地震学会、美国气象学会、勘探地球物理学会之类的一些组织的专刊或美国地球物理联合会学报等专业杂志上发表文章。这些学报试图起到多 相似文献
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Irene M. Moroz 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(3-4):313-314
Abstract The model equations describing two-dimensional thermohaline convection of a Boussinesq fluid in a rotating horizontal layer are known to support multiple instabilities, depending on the values of certain control parameters (Arneodo et al., 1985). Most of these multiple instabilities have already been studied for double or triple diffusive convection, where behaviours ranging from simple steady to irregular motions have been found. Here we consider the one remaining bifurcation mentioned by Arneodo et al. (1985): the interaction between a steady and an oscillatory convection roll when the linear spectrum for a single wavenumber comprises one zero and one pair of purely imaginary eigenvalues. The method of centre manifolds and normal forms is used to derive evolution equations for the amplitudes of the convection rolls close to bifurcation and the behaviours associated with the equations is discussed. 相似文献
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Ｒｈｏａｄｅｓ和Ｅｖｉｓｏｎ５ Ｍｕｌａｒｇｉａ和Ｇａｓｐｅｒｉｎｉ的程序中的技术缺陷，在如何对一个地震预报方法实施正确统计评估的方法上做了有益的评论并提出了十分重要的建议。我们认为统计学家们今后要认真遵循这些建议。 相似文献
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O. Richard 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1946,10(2-3):191-200
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