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1.
河北宣化盆地南缘断裂的古地震遗迹   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
通过开挖,在宣化盆地南缘断裂上揭露出3次古地震事件,发生的年代分别距今约8.54、7.08和5.31ka,平均重复间隔1615±360a。事件位移量分别为0.55~0.74m、0.52~0.7m和1.63~2.2m。但距今5.31ka以来断裂未发生过断错地表的运动,意味着其古地震重复不是简单的准周期型  相似文献   

2.
通过大探槽开挖和断层陡坎分析,揭示出发生于1679年8级地震的新夏垫断层自距今约2万a以来共发生了4次地震事件。前两次为砂体液化显示的事件;后两次为可见直接断错证据的事件。分析得到的1679年地震最大垂直位移为1.75m,前1679年事件为1.41m,是两次震级非常接近的特征地震。4次事件发生的时间分别为距今约20000,13000,7500和317a,平均重复间隔时间为(6561±691)a,显示了准周期重复的特征  相似文献   

3.
程绍平  杨桂枝 《地震地质》1994,16(4):346-354
通过1个探槽记录、3个地质学剖面、7个晚更新世沉积物表面断层崖形态学剖面和15个放射性测年数据,论述了延庆盆地北缘断裂带蚕房营段的晚更新世晚期断层作用。这些资料显示出该时期内的两次断层作用事件:最近的一次发生在9870±130~11800±1100aB.P.之间,最早不超过13200±l100aB.P.;较早一次的发生时间为19850±1550aB.P.。一次事件的位移量3.34~3.64m,两次事件之间的重复间隔9980a。大约自21050±1600aB.P.以来的垂直位移速度计算为0.31~0.34mm/a。蚕房营段的晚更新世晚期的断层作用,以较大的表面位移量和较长的重复间隔为特征。全新世没有类似的断层作用事件  相似文献   

4.
北京平原南口-孙河断裂带昌平旧县探槽古地震事件研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
报道了南口-孙河断裂昌平旧县探槽揭露的丰富的构造变形现象和古地震事件的分期、间隔及同震垂直位移.研究结果表明,全新世时期该断裂曾发生3次古地震事件,它们分别发生在距今(10643± 250)a—(970±1235)a,(7894±150)a—(764±650)a及(3987±100)a-(367±310)8,同震垂直位移分别为1m,2 m,2 m.依据华北地区历史地震震级与地震地表位错的统计公式,推测相应震级为7.7及7.9级.该探槽研究结果表明,依据微地貌线索,在平原区仍可通过探槽了解断裂全新世活动,并有可能在探槽中见到丰富的细微构造现象.该项研究得到的南口-孙河断裂在全新世存在古地震的认识将对北京地区未来的地震危险性评估有重要意义.  相似文献   

5.
用全球定位系统(GPS)监测青藏高原地壳形变   总被引:7,自引:5,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
王琪  游新兆 《地震地质》1996,18(2):97-103
通过对拉萨、日喀则地区两条基线的观测结果分析,得到了拉萨地块近南北向地壳形变率为(7.0±2.3)mm/a及近东西向(7.4±2.3)mm/a的形变速率,与震源机制解的结论十分接近。同时监测到相对于拉萨南北向7.3cm和东西向4.1cm的震后形变位移,显示出GPS在地震监测及与地震相关的地壳形变研究的广阔前景  相似文献   

6.
博洛科努断裂西北段古地震形变带初步研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
沈军  杨小平 《内陆地震》1998,12(3):248-255
介绍了博洛科努断裂西北段阿拉山口至精河县城以南的古地震形变带的几何特征、形变方式和变形幅度,并讨论了最后一次地震事件的震级。认为该形变带为右旋走滑性质,最后一次地震事件的水平位移可能为2.5 m ,垂直位移为0.9~1.8 m ,震级估计为7.5~7.8 级  相似文献   

7.
由峰值速度估算地震应力降   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
根据Brune(1970)提出的震源位错模式,用发生在滇西地震实验场区鹤庆MS=5.3中强地震的地震数字化监测资料,计算了S波谱,测定了鹤庆地震序列的震源参数.在此基础上研究了地面运动峰值速度参数(r.v)对地震应力降Δσ的依赖性.由地震标定关系给出(r.v)∝Δσ2/3,导出了用峰值速度参数求地震应力降的3个关系:lg(r.v)=d1+(1/3)lgM0+(2/3)lgΔσ;lg(r.v)=d2+(1/3)ML+(2/3)lgΔσ;lgΔσ=-1.0+1.5lg(r.v).假定对大小地震的平均应力降取3.0MPa,由鹤庆地震序列的观测资料定出常数d1=-3.88和d2=-0.38.序列震源参数测定结果给出,地震矩为1011~1015N·m,破裂半径a=200~600m.根据峰值速度测定的应力降Δσ=0.1~10MPa,平均为3.7MPa.用这些标度关系求出的应力降结果与Brune模式求应力降的结果比较一致.本文的研究结果还表明,地面运动峰值速度参数对地震应力降的依赖性比对地震矩的依赖性更强.  相似文献   

8.
王华林 《地震研究》1996,19(2):06-224
本文根据野外考察、实测和开挖资料,研究了1668年郯城8.5级地震断裂的水平和垂直位移及古地震标志和证据、全新世位移分布和滑动速率、古地震遗迹、古地震期次、强震复发周期以及地震破裂模式。研究结果表明,沿1668年郯城8.5级地震断裂上的全新世位移分布与1668年郯城地震破裂位移分布具有良好的同步性和分级特征。破裂位移和滑动速率在空间上是变化的,水平滑动速率在1.7~2.8毫米/年范围内变化,垂直位移速率在0.2~0.5毫米/年范围内波动,水平位移量与垂直位移量比为6~8倍。沿郯城地震断裂全新世发生了4次强震事件,8级大震具有准周期重复特征,郯城地震断裂上发生的地震拟合了特征地震模式。本文归纳总结出来的鉴别断裂水平和垂直位移及古地震事件的标志和准则,对活断层和古地震的深入研究有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

9.
地震非均匀度的研究及在强震中期预报中的应用   总被引:27,自引:14,他引:27  
李志雄  高旭 《地震》1994,(6):11-18
室内岩石破裂实验表明,主破裂前声发射事件在时间分布上随着应力增强存在着均匀-非均匀现象。本文据此提出了一个能够有效刻画强震前中小地震活动在时空分布上不均匀性的参量-地震非均匀度(GL值)。据对中国大陆1920年以来43次Ms>7.0大震震前5年G时间变化扫描结果,发现除少数边界附近的大震外,所有7级大震震前1-3年,在震中一定范围内5级以上地震活动显示出明显的非均匀状态(GL值大于1.0);同时,  相似文献   

10.
玉树断裂活动性研究   总被引:18,自引:2,他引:18  
李闽峰  邢成起 《地震地质》1995,17(3):218-224
通过实地考察和室内工作,对玉树断裂的活动性进行了分段研究。该断裂划分为3段:(1)西北段全新世以来活动强烈,以水平左旋活动为主,水平滑动速率达7.3mm/a,沿断裂带展布大量的古地震事件遗迹;(2)中段第四纪以来的主体活动时段在晚更新世以前,以正断层活动为主;(3)东南段全新世以来活动强烈,以水平左旋活动为主,水平滑动速率约5mm/a,沿断裂带分布有大量的古地震事件遗迹,历史上记载的最大地震为1896年的邓柯7.0级地震  相似文献   

11.
自1920年海原发生M8.5地震以来,青藏高原东北缘接连发生了1927年古浪M8.0地震、1932年昌马M7.6地震等一系列大地震,使其进入了强震活动的丛集期。为了探究青藏高原东北缘这一系列地震间的相互作用及区域地震危险性,建立青藏高原东北缘的三维Maxwell黏弹性有限元模型,模拟了区域自1920年以来17次M6.7以上地震的同震及震后库仑应力演化。结果显示:研究区自1920年海原M8.5大地震之后,后续的16次地震中,有13次地震发生在库仑应力变化为正的区域,说明了地震间的相互作用可能是导致区域地震丛集的主要原因之一。系列地震发生后,阿尔金断裂、柴达木盆地断裂西段、东昆仑断裂中段、鄂拉山断裂北段、共和盆地断裂南段、日月山断裂南段、庄浪河断裂、礼县—罗家堡断裂、成县盆地断裂西段、文县断裂西段、龙首山断裂南段、六盘山断裂东段、西秦岭北缘断裂东段、海原断裂西段和祁连断裂东段位于库仑应力变化为正的区域,且大部分断裂或断裂段的累积库仑应力变化超过了0.01 MPa,它们未来的地震危险性较高。  相似文献   

12.
1920年海原大地震与构造关系的讨论   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
根据人工地震、重力、地质、航磁、大地电磁测深、地震活动及地球化学资料,研究了1920年海原大地震与构造的关系。结果表明:海原断层实际是深度不超过10km的铲状逆掩推覆断层,而海原大震的震源深度为15-20km,因此,海原断层与该次大震的发生无关。海原大地震的发生既与延至软流层顶部的近NS向和近EW向的构造有关,也与软流层的物质活动有关。海原断层上的各种地震形变为地震诱发的产物。  相似文献   

13.
月亮山东麓断裂古地震活动的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
月亮山东麓断裂位于海原断裂带的东段。1920年海原大地震时该断裂也发生了破裂。对该段断裂的古地震活动特征的初步研究表明,全新世以来,月亮山东断裂可能发生过5次破裂事件,主要分布在全新世的早期和末期。海原断裂带具有分段破裂的特征,因此需要对照整个断裂带的古地震活动特征,才能确定月亮山东断裂是一个独立的破裂单元还是其他段落破裂的影响段。  相似文献   

14.
Paleoseismological studies have shown that indi-vidual past large-magnitude earthquakes can be recog-nized in the geological record and the timing betweenevents can be measured through Quaternary datingtechniques[1—6]. Thus, through paleoseismological st-udies, it is possible to determine age of each prehis-toric event so that recurrence intervals of large earth-quakes may be evaluated which provides a means toexpand the limited view of earthquakes offered by thehistorical and instrumental re…  相似文献   

15.
Cascade rupture events often occur along large strike-slip fault zone.The 1920 AD M 81/2 earthquake ruptured all 3 segments of the Haiyuan Fault,and the Salt Lake pull-apart basin is the boundary between the west and middle segment of the fault.The data of trenching and drilling reveal 7 events occurring since last stage of late Pleistocene,and the two youngest events are associated with the historical records of 1092 AD (possibly) and 1920 AD respectively.These events are all large earthquakes with magnitude M>8,and the recurrence of them is characterized by earthquake clusters alternating with a single event.Now it is in the latest cluster which may last about 1000 years.Comparison of the paleoseismic sequence of this study and previous results reveals that the cross-basin fault in the Salt Lake pull-apart basin does not always rupture when cascade rupture events occur along the Haiyuan Fault,and likely ruptures only when the magnitude of the events is large (maybe M>8).Though there are many advantages in paleoseismic study in pull-apart basin,we should avoid getting the paleoseismic history of major strike-slip fault zones only depending on the rupture records of inner faults in pull-apart basins with large scale (maybe a width more than 3km).  相似文献   

16.
Located at the bend of the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Haiyuan fault zone is a boundary fault of the stable Alashan block, the stable Ordos block and the active Tibet block, and is the most significant fault zone for the tectonic deformation and strong earthquake activity. In 1920, a M8.5 earthquake occurred in the eastern segment of the fault, causing a surface rupture zone of about 240km. After that, the segment has been in a state of calmness in seismic activity, and no destructive earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above have occurred. Determining the current activity of the Haiyuan fault zone is very important and necessary for the analysis and assessment of its future seismic hazard. To study activity of the Haiyuan fault zone, the degree of fault coupling and the future seismic hazard, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a lot of research using geology methods and GPS geodetic techniques, but these methods have certain limitations. The geology method is a traditional classical method of fault activity research, but dislocation measurement can only be performed on a local good fault outcrop. There are a limited number of field measurement points and the observation results are not equally limited depending on the sampling location and sampling method. The distribution of GPS stations is sparse, especially in the near-fault area, there is almost no GPS data. Therefore, the spatial resolution of the deformation field features obtained by GPS is low, and there are certain limitations in the kinematic parameter inversion using this method. In this study, we obtain the average InSAR line-of-sight deformation field from the Maomaoshan section to the mid-1920s earthquake rupture segment of the Haiyuan earthquake in the period from 2003 to 2010 based on the PSInSAR technique. The results show that there are obvious differences between the slip rates of the two walls of the fault in the north and the south, which are consistent with the motion characteristics of left-lateral strike-slip in the Haiyuan fault zone. Through the analysis of the high-density cross-fault deformation rate profile of the Laohushan segment, it is determined that the creep length is about 19km. Based on the two-dimensional arctangent model, the fault depth and deep slip rate of different locations in the Haiyuan fault zone are obtained. The results show that the slip rate and the locking depth of the LHS segment change significantly from west to east, and the slip rate decreases from west to east, decreasing from 7.6mm/a in the west to 4.5mm/a in the easternmost. The western part of the LHS segment and the middle part are in a locked state. The western part has a locking depth of 4.2~4.4km, and the middle part has a deeper locking depth of 6.9km, while the eastern part is less than 1km, that is, the shallow surface is creeping, and the creep rate is 4.5~4.8mm/a. On the whole, the 1920 earthquake's rupture segment of the Haiyuan fault zone is in a locked state, and both the slip rate and the locking depth are gradually increased from west to east. The slip rate is increased from 3.2mm/a in the western segment to 5.4mm/a in the eastern segment, and the locking depth is increased from 4.8km in the western segment to 7.5km in the eastern segment. The results of this study refine the understanding of the slip rate and the locking depth of the different segments of the Haiyuan fault zone, and provide reference information for the investigation of the strain accumulation state and regional seismic hazard assessment of different sections of the fault zone.  相似文献   

17.
Introduction Haiyuan fault is a major seismogenic fault in north-central China. One of the most devastat-ing great earthquake in the 20th century occurred near Haiyuan in northwestern China on Decem-ber 16, 1920. More than 220 000 people were killed and thousands of towns and villages weredestroyed during the devastating earthquake. A 230 km long left-lateral surface rupture zone wasformed along the Haiyuan fault during the earthquake with maximum left-lateral displacement of10 m. Pale…  相似文献   

18.
It is deduced on the basis of field investigation that the total length of the stratigraphic fault associated with the great Haiyuan 8.5 magnitude earthquake of 1920 was 225 km. This fault was formed by 6 secondary faults with different geometric parameters, which align regularly inen echelon arrangement. Each secondary fault can be divided into three segments with different characteristics of deformation where the middle segment was mainly of the horizontal strike—slip fault while another two segments the vertical deformation as shown by the features of reverse or normal faults. It is also shown by the data of vertical and horizontal displacements that the horizontal displacement approached a maximum at the middle segment for each secondary fault and gradually decreased toward and finally disappeared at both ends of each segment while in contrast the vertical displacement was minimum at the middle and became large at both ends of the segment. The feature of the multiple peaks appeared in the deformation as shown by the earthquake displacements along the whole fault. This feature indicates that the 6 secondary faults associated with the great Haiyuan earthquake were the horizontal interrupted planes (i.e., dislocation surface) which were independent on each other, and hence each dislocation surface may represent an independent secondary fracture event of the earthquake. We thus think that the 6 relatively independent secondary events which occurred successfully might result in the great 8.5 magnitude Haiyuan earthquake. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 21–31, 1991. This project is sponsored by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.  相似文献   

19.
海原活动断裂的地壳脱气作用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
根据实验结果讨论了1920年海原8.5级大震发震断裂的气体构造地球化学作用。海原活动断裂带上的脱气以地壳脱气作用为主,脱气作用产物来源于上中地壳,脱气作用的弹度与断层应力状态运动特点密切相关。不同元素所反映的脱气深度范围及特征有所不同,氡对浅部断层活动及拉张区脱气作用较为灵敏,汞、氦能反映较深地壳内的脱气作用,氢的异常则与断层的逆中、推覆作用及断面上岩水作用密切相关。  相似文献   

20.
1932年12月25日,甘肃玉门市昌马镇附近发生MS7.6地震(震中:39.70°N,96.70°E),此次地震是继1920年海原MS8.5地震、1927年古浪MS8.0地震之后青藏高原东北缘祁连山—河西走廊地震带内的又一强震。这组大地震活动无论在时间序列上还是在空间序列上都极其罕见,引起了众多国内外学者的广泛关注,普遍认为是一次陆内地震活动沿相关断裂带由东向西迁移的典型样例。基于PSGRN/PSCMP程序,以前人地表地质调查相关结果为约束,利用弹性位错理论获取昌马地震断层破裂模型,以此为基础,基于黏弹性半空间分层模型模拟计算昌马地震产生的地表同震三维形变场。通过研究单次地震与地震叠加的库仑应力变化对后续地震的触发关系,分别对海原地震、古浪地震以及它们的叠加对昌马地震的触发作用进行研究。结果表明:海原地震、古浪地震以及它们的叠加均未超过可能触发地震的经验阈值,故认为昌马地震可能不受海原地震和古浪地震所造成的库仑应力变化的影响。此研究可为利用实际形变解释昌马地震的孕震过程研究提供理论依据。  相似文献   

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