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1.
本文对发育在澳大利亚悉尼附近的Long Reef Beach中新世古土壤剖面进行了系统的岩石磁学研究,测量了磁化率、饱和磁化强度、饱和等温剩磁、非磁滞剩磁等常温磁学参数和磁滞回线,并对所有样品进行了热磁分析.实验结果表明:全新世软土层主要磁性矿物为MD颗粒磁铁矿,磁性矿物含量与黄土高原黄土层相当.中新世老成土层随地层深度增加主要磁性矿物由磁铁矿转变为磁赤铁矿,随着磁铁矿向磁赤铁矿的转化,开始出现赤铁矿;磁性矿物粒径分布较广,以PSD颗粒为主,其次为SD颗粒,同时含有少量MD颗粒;磁性矿物含量高于黄土高原强发育古土壤层.中新世红土矿层主要磁性矿物为赤铁矿,同时含有少量磁赤铁矿和针铁矿,属于铁的富集层,赤铁矿以SD颗粒为主,含少量PSD和MD颗粒.Long Reef Beach中新世古土壤形成时期,对应着一种全球性高温多雨气候,地表化学风化作用十分强烈.丰富的降水,导致中新世老成土层发生淋溶作用,磁铁矿在向下淋溶迁移过程中逐渐氧化为磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿,铁氧化物最终在红土矿层淀积,磁赤铁矿经高温压实作用再结晶转化为赤铁矿.磁性矿物转化过程可概括为磁铁矿—磁赤铁矿化的磁铁矿—磁赤铁矿—赤铁矿,其中部分磁赤铁矿具有热稳定性,在空气(氩气)环境中加热到700℃未发生转化.  相似文献   

2.
土壤中磁性矿物的形成转化对环境变化具有指示意义,定量分析土壤磁性对环境因子的响应机制是目前该领域的重要问题.本文综合相关研究及野外实地考察,采集福建南部亚热带地区戴云山垂直地带相同母质的土壤剖面进行环境磁学和漫反射光谱测试分析.结果表明:研究区土壤剖面中磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿主导其磁性变化,当海拔至1320 m以上,土壤中出现次生纤铁矿.当排除地形的影响后,相关磁学参数指示磁畴颗粒在低海拔区域以SP颗粒为主,而较高海拔区域土壤中以粗SD颗粒为主.漫反射光谱结果表明,研究区土壤中赤铁矿和针铁矿对气候梯度变化较为敏感,其中赤铁矿含量随海拔增加显示出降低趋势,并且至海拔1320 m以上赤铁矿消失而主要以针铁矿和纤铁矿为主.对比加热前后针铁矿和赤铁矿特征峰变化,并进行半定量分析认为,当年均降水量超过1900 mm且年均温低于13℃时达到赤铁矿形成的临界值,而针铁矿和纤铁矿则继续呈增加趋势.本研究论证了赤铁矿、针铁矿及纤铁矿对气候梯度具较强的敏感性,可作为研究低纬区域古环境变化的重要指标.  相似文献   

3.
亚热带山地垂直地带土壤的磁性特征及其环境响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
土壤中磁性矿物的形成转化对环境变化具有指示意义,定量分析土壤磁性对环境因子的响应机制是目前该领域的重要问题.本文综合相关研究及野外实地考察,采集福建南部亚热带地区戴云山垂直地带相同母质的土壤剖面进行环境磁学和漫反射光谱测试分析.结果表明:研究区土壤剖面中磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿主导其磁性变化,当海拔至1320 m以上,土壤中出现次生纤铁矿.当排除地形的影响后,相关磁学参数指示磁畴颗粒在低海拔区域以SP颗粒为主,而较高海拔区域土壤中以粗SD颗粒为主.漫反射光谱结果表明,研究区土壤中赤铁矿和针铁矿对气候梯度变化较为敏感,其中赤铁矿含量随海拔增加显示出降低趋势,并且至海拔1320 m以上赤铁矿消失而主要以针铁矿和纤铁矿为主.对比加热前后针铁矿和赤铁矿特征峰变化,并进行半定量分析认为,当年均降水量超过1900 mm且年均温低于13℃时达到赤铁矿形成的临界值,而针铁矿和纤铁矿则继续呈增加趋势.本研究论证了赤铁矿、针铁矿及纤铁矿对气候梯度具较强的敏感性,可作为研究低纬区域古环境变化的重要指标.  相似文献   

4.
对苏北盆地兴化1#钻孔岩心沉积物进行了质量磁化率、频率磁化率、变化曲线、等温剩磁和磁滞回线等参数的测试分析,结果表明,粘土质沉积物中的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿和赤铁矿;砂质沉积物中的磁性矿物除了磁铁矿和赤铁矿外,还含有少量的磁赤铁矿和针铁矿.针铁矿普遍存在于钻孔下部的样品中.整个钻孔沉积物中的磁性矿物颗粒都是介于单畴和多畴之间的准单畴颗粒,但粘土质沉积物中的磁性矿物颗粒更趋近于单畴颗粒,而砂质沉积物中的磁性矿物颗粒更趋近于多畴.根据不同的磁性矿物组合特征,选择合理的温度和磁场强度区间对古地磁退磁结果进行分析,得到沉积物可靠的特征剩磁方向,为古地磁年代学提供依据.  相似文献   

5.
赤铁矿与磁铁矿混合比例对磁性参数的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
本文通过将磁铁矿与赤铁矿进行人工混合,其中磁铁矿含量固定为0.3%,而赤铁矿含量则变化于0%~9%,并根据磁铁矿颗粒大小分为两个系列(纳米级磁铁矿+赤铁矿,系列1;假单畴磁铁矿+赤铁矿,系列2),探讨了磁性参数对上述磁性矿物混合比例的响应关系,结果显示:退磁参数S比值和Hcr/Hc不仅与磁铁矿和赤铁矿混合比例相关,同时也受到磁铁矿颗粒大小的影响,对于系列1而言,S比值对赤铁矿含量小于2%的混合样品较敏感,随着赤铁矿含量增加显著下降;Hcr/Hc则在赤铁矿含量大于3%时变化较大,通常用于指示亚铁磁性矿物颗粒大小的参数XARM/X与XARM/SIRM,也受到磁铁矿与赤铁矿混合比例的影响,对于磁铁矿颗粒较细的系列1而言,当赤铁矿含量小于3%时,XARM/SIRM随着赤铁矿含量增加存在较为显著的下降现象,上述结果表明,当使用磁性参数进行环境解释时,需要同时考虑磁性矿物颗粒大小以及不同矫顽力矿物混合比例的影响,特别是磁铁矿以超顺磁颗粒为主的样品.  相似文献   

6.
中中新世黄土高原风尘堆积序列磁化率显著增高,在区域内已成为地层对比标志,然而其磁性增强机制依然不清楚.本文对秦安地区QA-I剖面约14~17.1 Ma期间的黄土-古土壤样品进行了系统的环境磁学、岩石磁学(热磁性质、磁滞性质、非磁滞剩磁与饱和等温剩磁比值χARM/SIRM等)和色度指标分析.结果表明,QA-I剖面黄土-古土壤序列样品中磁性矿物为准单畴(PSD)磁铁矿、超顺磁/单畴(SP/SD)磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿,古土壤中细粒磁赤铁矿含量高于上下相邻黄土层.CBD(Citrate-Bicarbonate-Dithionite)处理方法显示,中中新世风尘序列中碎屑成因的PSD磁铁矿含量变化不大,约14.5~16.0 Ma期间成壤成因SP/SD磁赤铁矿含量的增多,是导致该时期风尘堆积序列磁化率增强的主要原因;这与该时期较低的土壤发育程度并不一致,表明CBD处理方法虽然可有效获取成壤成因SP/SD磁赤铁矿信息,却无法区分其为当地还是源区成壤成因.低温磁学研究表明,QA-I剖面约14.5~16.0 Ma期间SP/SD磁赤铁矿可能为碎屑磁铁矿颗粒的风化外壳,其含量高低变化与风尘样...  相似文献   

7.
天山北缘新近系沉积物岩石磁学研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
岩石磁学研究表明, 天山北缘塔西河剖面新近系可划分为湖相沉积型、河流相沉积型和冲积扇沉积型三种类型, 分别对应于剖面的底部(沙湾组和塔西河组中下部)、中部(塔西河组顶部和独山子组中下部)和上部(独山子组顶部和西域组), 其中湖相沉积岩石磁学性质复杂, 除与沉积物物源密切相关外, 还可能受风化作用、原地磁性矿物自生或成岩作用以及生物活动的影响, 天然剩磁强度为10-3~10-2 A/m, 主要磁性矿物为磁铁矿, 高矫顽力磁性矿物可能为针铁矿. 磁性矿物颗粒由假单畴和单畴(PSD+SD)或单畴和超顺磁混合组成(SD+SP); 河流相沉积天然剩磁强度为10-2~10-1 A/m, 主要磁性矿物为磁铁矿和赤铁矿, 磁性矿物颗粒为假单畴(PSD), 450~580℃可获得稳定的特征剩磁方向, 特征剩磁载磁矿物为磁铁矿; 冲积扇沉积天然剩磁强度介于湖相和河流相沉积之间, 主要磁性矿物也为磁铁矿和赤铁矿, 580~680℃获得稳定特征剩磁方向, 特征剩磁载磁矿物为赤铁矿, 磁性矿物颗粒为假单畴(PSD).  相似文献   

8.
江西彭泽红光沙山剖面是在约25~13kaBP左右形成的风砂层夹12个弱发育 古土壤层的沉积序列.详细的岩石磁学研究表明,该沉积序列的磁性矿物以磁铁矿为 主,并含少量磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿.与风砂层相比,弱发育古土壤层的磁性颗粒较小,低 矫顽力磁性组分的相对比例较大,且磁性矿物的含量明显增加.在该沉积序列中,从风 砂层到弱发育古土壤层,磁化率、非磁滞剩磁、饱和等温剩磁以及低-高矫顽力磁性矿 物的比率等磁学参数显示一定的渐变性;而从弱发育古土壤层到风砂层,这些磁学参 数表现为急剧的变化.低矫顽力磁性组分的含量在该序列最底部倒数第二个风砂层中 最低,向上至层序顶部,风砂层中的低矫顽力磁性矿物的含量大体上缓慢递增.这些磁 学特征反应了末次冰期盛冰期区域性气候的变化.  相似文献   

9.
中国东部红土的磁性及其环境意义   总被引:22,自引:2,他引:20       下载免费PDF全文
通过中国东部红土剖面的环境磁学参数(磁化率、频率磁化率、非磁滞剩磁、饱和等温剩磁等)测量,获得了红土剖面磁性矿物浓度、粒度和类型等特性随深度的变化曲线以及红土经连二亚硫酸钠一柠檬酸钠一重碳酸钠溶液(DCB)处理后的磁性参数变化.根据红土剖面环境磁学参数及其磁参数比值的变化可将红土分为3个层段,各层段的磁性矿物特征存在明显的差异.证实了红土剖面中的磁性载体主要是磁赤铁矿、赤铁矿和针铁矿,并分离出了球粒状磁颗粒.认为红土磁性矿物的数量、粒度、类型等的变异指示了其形成时的环境特征,其频率磁化率和DCB处理的磁化率损失量指示了红土成壤化作用的强弱,可作为在红壤区研究过去全球变化的一种新途径.  相似文献   

10.
西安市道路灰尘磁学特征及其对环境的响应   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
西安市道路表面灰尘样品的环境磁学研究显示磁化率(χ)、非磁滞磁化率(χARM)以及饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)均比较高,表明样品中磁性矿物含量较高.其中磁化率(χ)主要受人类活动强度影响,而非磁滞磁化率(χARM)及饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)则由人为活动强度和磁性矿物种类共同决定.κ-T曲线以及等温剩磁(IRM)获得曲线显示样品中磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿等亚铁磁性矿物占主导,并可能含有少量的单质铁,其相对含量与人类活动种类有关:与单纯的交通排放及冶金活动相比,密集的人群流动可带来更多的单质铁矿物.磁畴图谱显示磁性矿物粒径变化不大,以准单畴及多畴颗粒等粗颗粒为主,明显大于成土作用形成的磁性颗粒.综合磁性矿物含量种类以及粒径可辨别污染及污染来源,提供污染监测的磁学手段,并初步进行污染来源划分.  相似文献   

11.
Directional samples were taken to study rock magnetism and palaeomagnetic records from the Dong- sheng profile, which is 5 m thick and on the northwest edge of the Bose Basin. Mineralogy and rock magnetism of typical samples indicate that coarse granular titanomagnetite, and fine-grained hematite, superparamagnetic maghemite formed by pedogenesis are in the sediment, which has undergone many transformative processes during different stages of pedogenesis. Parallel samples were taken for thermal demagnetization (TH) (0 to 680℃) and alternating field (AF) demagnetization (0 to 80 mT) respectively. Experimental results of these two kinds of demagnetization illustrate that there are two or more magnetic components in the samples. Intensity of NRM decreases by almost 60% to 90% rapidly when the temperature ranges from 100℃ to 350℃, with a steady magnetic component. It is impossible to analyze the magnetic components at high temperature because those fluctuate widely when the temperature is higher than 400℃. Steady magnetic components from 100℃ to 350℃ indicate that the remanence was mainly carried by fine-grained hematite formed by pedogenesis, reflecting a change in the geomagnetic field while the magnetite was being oxidized into hematite by chemical weathering after deposition. The formative age of the sediments cannot be obtained by magnetic methods in this profile.  相似文献   

12.
The study on magnetic properties of the red clay indicates that the red clay and loesspaleosol sequence have a common magnetic mineralogy, with magnetite, maghemite, hematite (and possibly goethite) contributing to the magnetic behavior. The red clay magnetic susceptibility is also found to have a positive relation with extrafine superparamagnetic grains. This suggests that, like the Quaternary loess-paleosols, an ultrafine ferrimagnetic component produced during pedogenesis in the red clay under humid conditions also plays an important role in susceptibility enhancement in the soil units. This is supported by the correlation between Rb/Sr ratio and magnetic susceptibility. This signifies that, like the above loess-paleosol sequence, the magnetic susceptibility of the red clay can be used as a general proxy paleoclimatic indicator, although whether its susceptibility in the red clay is comparable to pedogenesis intensity and requires further investigation. Magnetic susceptibility variation in the red clay thus also provides an eolian/pedogenic record of paleoclimatic evolution. Study of the background susceptibility indicates that, on average, the absolute scale of the paleoclimatic shift from red clay development to Quaternary loess deposition is similar to the climatic shift from stage 5 (S1) to stage 2–4 (L1). This may suggest that during the Quaternary there is an evident strengthening of the absolute wind intensity to bring more (about double) coarser and less weathered (non-SP fraction) eolian magnetic input from the source regions to the Loess Plateau than during the Pliocene. The presence of eolian red clay since 7.5 Ma BP in central-northern China implies an important environmental change from the underlying Cretaceous red sandstone. The red clay development was closely related to global drying and climate cooling since the Cretaceous and closely associated with the abrupt uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau at about that time. This uplift of the plateau intensified the East Asia monsoon system and started red clay deposition.  相似文献   

13.
三门峡盆地晚新生代沉积物磁性载体类型   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
对三门峡盆地晚新生代沉积岩样品进行岩石磁学研究,通过三轴饱和等温剩磁和剩磁矫顽力实验、交变退磁和热退磁实验及磁化率测定,发现黄土-古土壤、河湖相灰绿层和冲洪积层3种不同岩性的磁载体存在显著差异.即黄土-古土壤以磁铁矿为主,赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿很少;河湖相灰绿色沉积磁性矿物含量较低,主要为赤铁矿和磁铁矿,但磁铁矿较多,此外还有一些不稳定磁性矿物(如针铁矿、菱铁矿等);冲洪积物以磁铁矿和赤铁矿为主,磁铁矿相对较多.  相似文献   

14.
敖红 《地球物理学报》2008,51(4):1029-1039
以热磁分析为主,对中国北方泥河湾盆地更新世河湖相地层中灰绿色粉砂和灰黄色粉砂/细砂两种典型沉积物进行了详细的岩石磁学研究,有效确定了这两类沉积物中磁性矿物的种类、粒度特征以及加热过程中磁性矿物的变化过程和产物,并对其包含的古环境意义进行了初步探讨.灰绿色粉砂样品主要含有磁铁矿和赤铁矿两种磁性矿物,磁性相对较弱,颗粒相对较细;灰黄色粉砂/细砂主要含有磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿,磁性相对较强,颗粒相对较粗.在氩气环境中经700℃加热处理后,这两种沉积物中的绿泥石都分解,并生成超细粒(处于超顺磁和单畴颗粒区间)的磁铁矿,导致磁化率大幅升高.因此泥河湾盆地沉积物的热磁特征可以用来检测样品中绿泥石的相对含量,进而反映该地区化学风化作用强度的变化.此外,灰绿色粉砂样品中绿泥石含量比灰黄色粉砂/细砂样品的含量高,在氩气中加热后,磁化率升高幅度也较高,可能反映了化学风化相对较弱的沉积环境.  相似文献   

15.
Morphological characteristics and microstructures of magnetic minerals extracted from Chinese loess and paleosols were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Our results indicate that maghemite in loess–paleosol sequences was transformed from magnetite through oxidation of magnetite. Maghemite transformed from eolian magnetite during chemical weathering has low-angle grain boundaries among maghemite nano-crystals. Some nano-crystalline maghemites with nanoporous texture resulted from microbe-induced precipitation of magnetite or transformation of poorly crystalline ferric Fe (oxy)hydroxides in presence of Fe-reducing bacteria. Aggregates of euhedral maghemite nano-crystals were transformed from magnetite magnetosomes. Both microbe-induced nanoporous magnetite and microbe-produced magnetite magnetosomes are directly related to microbial activities and pedogenesis of the paleosols. It is proposed that the formation of nano-crystalline maghemite with superparamagnetic property in paleosol results in the enhancement of magnetic susceptibility, although the total amount (weight percent) of magnetic minerals in both paleosol and loess units is similar. Our results also show that nano-crystalline and nanoporous magnetite grains prefer to transform into maghemite in semi-arid soil environments instead of hematite, although hematite is a thermodynamically stable phase. This result also indicates that a decrease in crystal size will increase stability of maghemite. It is also inferred that surface energy of maghemite is lower than that of hematite.  相似文献   

16.
During revisiting the Upper Pleistocene Pekla loess-soil section located on the Sea of Azov coast of the Taman Peninsula, its lower 6 m were continuously sampled, which led to an increase in the age range from ∼50 to 400 ka. The detailed rock magnetic study of the structure, grain-size, and concentrations of magnetic mineral (natural remanent magnetization (NRM) carrier) in the collected rock samples revealed regular changes in rock magnetic characteristics along the section and their correlation with climatic fluctuations. Magnetite and hematite both deposited during the transport of sedimentary material and formed during pedogenesis, which involved the entire section to a varying extent, represent the main magnetic minerals in the examined rocks. Automorphic paleosoils that were formed during warm and humid periods corresponding to odd stages of the MIS scale are characterized by elevated concentrations of magnetic mineral (NRM, magnetic susceptibility (K lf), saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), and anhysteresis (ideal) remanent magnetization (ARM)) parameters and share of superparamagnetic particles (up to 80%, according to elevated values of the frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility K td) as well as by lowered rigidity parameter (B cr) and grain size (ARM/K parameter). Such changes in the paleosoils may be explained by the occurrence of newly formed fine-grained magnetite particles close in size to its superparamagnetic and single-domain varieties due to the activation of bio/geochemical processes during warm stages. The growth of the above-mentioned rock magnetic parameters in automorphic soils may be considered as serving a quantitative criterion for defining the boundary between warm and cold periods even in poorly developed soils.  相似文献   

17.
Rock magnetism research on eolian deposits from the Chinese Loess Plateau shows that magnetite, maghe- mite and hematite are the main magnetic minerals in loess-paleosol sequences and red clay se-quences[1―8], and finds that the magnetic susceptibility increase is positively correlated to the content of ultra-fine minerals and relatively strong pedogene- sis[7―15]. This offers significant information in studying the Late Cenozoic paleoclimatic history of Chinese Loess Plateau[1,5―8,10―22…  相似文献   

18.
Detailed rock magnetic investigations and X-ray diffraction (XRD)were carried out on loess-paleosol sequences of the last interglacial-glacial at Znojmo section in Czech Republic. The results indicate that pedogenesis causes susceptibility enhancement in the paleosols, which is similar to that observed in the Chinese Loess Plateau. k-T curves, IRM, and XRD show that magnetite is the dominant magnetic mineral in the loess-paleosol sequences at the Znojmo section, while maghemite, hematite, and pyrite/pyrrhotite are minor minerals. Measurements of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) indicate that the magnetic lineation is smaller than the foliation. The susceptibility ellipsoids are oblate and the directions of the maximum principal axes (Kmax) are distributed randomly, and cannot be used to determine the paleo-wind direction.  相似文献   

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