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1.
为探讨粉煤灰污染影响萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)种复合体在灰湖、汀棠湖和凤鸣湖分布的生态学机制,本文研究了曝气自来水(对照)、20％、40％、60％、80％和100％的澄清灰湖水对采自三湖泊中的轮虫姐妹种Ⅰ和汀棠湖中的轮虫姐妹种Ⅱ的种群增长率、混交雌体数/非混交雌体数、携卵雌体数/不携卵雌体数和休眠卵产量的影响.结果显示,无论实验用水中的澄清灰湖水含量如何,来自三湖泊的轮虫姐妹种Ⅰ均具有较高的种群增长率(0.52～0.85 d-1)和休眠卵产量(1.60～12.11ind./(4d·5ml)),这为轮虫的扩散、种群的建立和种群间的基因交流提供了可能.汀棠湖轮虫姐妹种Ⅱ种群中的混交雌体数/非混交雌体数和休眠卵产量均极低,对照组中的混交雌体数/非混交雌体数和休眠卵产量均为0,这是存在于汀棠湖和凤鸣湖中的轮虫姐妹种Ⅱ无法通过扩散而出现在灰湖中的主要原因.澄清灰湖水的含量仅对汀棠湖中两轮虫姐妹种的种群增长率具有显著的影响.各浓度的澄清灰湖水使轮虫姐妹种Ⅰ的种群增长率显著高于对照组,60％、80％和100％的澄清灰湖水使轮虫姐妹种Ⅱ的种群增长率显著高于对照组,这表明粉煤灰污染导致已报道的相关水体中轮虫种群密度的下降并非由于其中所含的污染物(较高浓度的碱性氧化物、硫化物和金属元素等)和水体pH值的改变等对轮虫的直接毒性作用. 相似文献
2.
湖北牛山湖高体鳑鮍的年龄、生长与繁殖 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了牛山湖高体鳑鲏的年龄、生长和繁殖特征. 鳞片上年轮清晰,主要呈现疏密特征.种群年龄结构简单,仅由一个世代组成;雄与雌的比例为1.59∶1(n= 332),显著不同于1∶1(Xc2 ＝16.94, p<0.005)而符合2∶1的类型(Xc2 ＝3.82, p> 0.05). 两性最大寿命不超过2a.雄、雌体全长与体重、全长与体长的回归方程差异显著. 在繁殖期间,雌雄鱼均出现第二性征.雄鱼最小成熟个体的全长和体重分别为26mm、0.216g,雌鱼则分别为32mm、0.393g. 性成熟年龄为1a,属分批产卵类型.成熟卵粒呈葫芦状,长度平均3.31mm. 每尾雌鱼平均繁殖力为61粒,繁殖力与全长及体重均呈显著相关(p＜0.001). 相似文献
3.
记述河南义马中侏罗世义马组一新的苔类植物-义马中国鳞苔Sinolejeunea yimaensis gen. et sp. nov.此植物茎叶体和生殖器官（雌苞和雄苞）的形态特征及叶细胞构造与叶苔目（Jungermanniales）顶蒴叶苔亚目（Acrogyniineae）有着一定的亲缘关系,并与细鳞苔科 （Lejeuneaceae）某些现代属颇为相似.配子体长有生殖器官（雌苞和雄苞）的苔类化石全球仅报道过一属,在叶苔目中,尚为首次记录;配子体分化成茎叶状的苔类化石也非常少见,全球仅报道过4属10余种.因此,当前珍稀苔类化石在我国中侏罗世的发现颇具科学意义. 相似文献
4.
植物功能性状的变异不仅受到物种个体发育的影响,还因环境而变化.以沉水植物微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus)为例,设计了5个生态尺度(依次为湖泊、样带、样点、样方、个体),测定了681株个体的11个功能性状,分析其变异的来源与结构.结果表明:1)微齿眼子菜功能性状的种内变异为0.40~1.21;2)5个生态尺度均对这些功能性状具有显著影响,但特定生态尺度的影响程度与功能性状的选择有关.个体尺度的变异构成了这些功能性状变异的主要来源,而湖泊、样带、样点尺度是茎重和节间数变异的主要组成部分;3)个体发育引起的变异约占总变异的5%~76%,且在各生态尺度均占一定比例,说明这部分变异同样是我们研究或者设计实验过程中不可忽视的因素. 相似文献
5.
水深梯度对苦草(Vallisneria natans)克隆生长与觅食行为的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解水深梯度对苦草克隆生长与觅食行为的影响,通过大型原位浮台实验,将苦草幼苗盆栽后悬挂在不同水深(1.0、2.5、4.0、5.5、7.0 m)下培养,比较其生物量、无性系分株数、出芽数、株高、最大根长和匍匐茎总长的变化,并且评估了植株生物量对这些性状的影响.研究结果表明,随水深的增加苦草的生物量、无性系分株数、出芽数、最大根长、匍匐茎总长均显著降低,而株高随水深梯度呈先增加后降低的趋势.植株生物量仅对出芽数没有显著影响.水深梯度与植株生物量的交互作用仅对无性系分株数和匍匐茎总长有显著影响,而对其他性状没有显著影响,说明这两个性状对水深的响应受到个体发育的影响. 相似文献
6.
体积、比表面积和最大轴性长度是浮游植物主要的形态性状,反映浮游植物资源竞争和反牧食能力.群落中物种的性状分布会随着环境条件的季节改变而变化,热带水库环境条件的季节性变化小,可能导致群落形态性状变化不显著.本文以热带大型水库——高州水库为研究对象,分析浮游植物形态性状季节动态及关键影响因子.高州水库浮游植物以丝状和单细胞藻类为主,群落水平的平均细胞体积在108.52~753.25 μm3之间,平均比表面积在0.93~2.08 μm-1之间,平均最大轴性长度在5.21~17.44 μm之间,均有明显的季节特征.浮游植物群落平均细胞体积、最大轴性长度与总氮浓度呈负相关,与水温呈正相关;平均比表面积与硝态氮浓度呈负相关.粘质长孢藻（Dolichospermum mucosa）和光角星鼓藻（Staurastrum muticum）是高州水库浮游植物优势种,其形态性状均具有明显的时空差异,表现出明显的形态可塑性.粘质长孢藻的平均细胞体积、最大轴性长度与总氮浓度呈正相关,与水温呈负相关;平均比表面积与总氮浓度呈负相关,与水温呈正相关.光角星鼓藻的平均细胞体积、最大轴性长度与正磷酸盐浓度呈正相关.总体上高州水库浮游植物在群落和种群水平形态性状均有明显的季节差异,夏季以大细胞为主,其他季节以小细胞种类为主,水温、氮和磷的可利用性是导致浮游植物形态性状季节差异的关键因子. 相似文献
7.
贫、富营养湖泊中苦草的形态解剖结构比较 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
比较了生长于贫营养的大溪水库(江苏)和富营养的太湖梅梁湾苦草的根系形态性状特征和叶片与匍匐苇的解剖结构差异,结果表明:生长于贫营养状态的大溪水库中的苦草根系形态性状的总根长、表面积、截面积、体积、平均直径和总分叉数等特征参数都显著高于生长于富营养状态的太湖梅梁湾的苦草.大溪水库的苦草叶片表面光洁,受附着生物影响明显较来... 相似文献
8.
卡方检验在华北强震前的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用卡方检验的数理统计方法,结合华北地区活断层、震源机制解等地震地质构造,对华北地区3次强震前的地震活动进行了时间及空间上的检验.认为,卡方检验不仅揭示了中强震前地震的丛集特性,而且体现了强震与地震地质背景之间的密切关系,揭示了构造体系与地震的某些联系. 相似文献
9.
以1970年-2019年KH、Spot-1、Landsat-5/7、ALOS-1 PALSAR-1、Sentinel-1 A、GF-2共30期卫星遥感影像为数据源,使用基于平均强度图阈值分割、面向对象的多尺度分割算法、NDWI波段指数的遥感解译数据,结合区域地质地貌形态成因特征,开展了雄安新区长时间序列地表水及敏感地质地貌分析.结果 表明:(1)卫星遥感影像数据能够有效圈画地表水空间分布,并通过近50年长时间序列地表水空间分析,划定5处白洋淀地区往年最大淹没区范围;(2)基于高分辨率遥感影像纹理信息和敏感地质地貌特征划定雄安新区2处河口三角洲和河漫滩范围;(3)建议上述7处划定区域谨慎开展大规模城镇化建设,推荐作为景观用地及生态涵养区等进行规划统筹.研究表明,卫星遥感技术及其发展能够发挥"天眼"优势,为白洋淀水域治理与保护、大规模城建物的选址、绿色生态涵养区的规划等雄安新区功能区规划与环境治理提供技术支撑,而且能够进一步支持雄安新区的动态地理空间规划与建设. 相似文献
10.
选择桂林会仙喀斯特湿地,以不同富营养化水体中生长时期为6月(生长旺盛期)和8月(暴发高峰期)的水葫芦(Eichhornia crassipes)为研究对象,探讨不同富营养化条件下水葫芦的生长及表型可塑性响应特征,以揭示水葫芦对不同富营养化水体的生态适应机制.结果表明:水葫芦的株高、根长和叶绿素含量均随水体富营养化程度的增加而降低,叶柄数、叶柄宽、叶片数、叶长、叶宽、匍匐茎数和分株速率随着水体富营养化程度的增加而升高;各性状参数在暴发高峰期均略高于生长旺盛期;根生物量、茎生物量、叶生物量和总生物量均随水体富营养化程度的加深而增加,茎生物量高于根生物量和叶生物量;水葫芦生物量的分配以及性状间的权衡关系(根生物量比、茎生物量比、叶生物量比和茎叶比等)因生长时期的不同而呈现差异性,表现出较强的表型可塑性特征;水体总有机碳、总氮、总磷、硝态氮、氨氮和叶绿素a浓度分别与水葫芦的茎生物量、叶宽、匍匐茎数和分株速率间存在显著的正相关关系,与根长、株高、叶生物量比和茎叶比间存在显著的负相关关系;水葫芦的表型可塑性指数在0.009~0.792之间,叶重比的可塑性指数最大,根冠比最小,重度富营养化水体下的可塑性指数最大.在会仙喀斯特湿地不同富营养化水体环境中,水葫芦通过外部形态结构调节和生物量的配比关系,产生了有利于其入侵和存活的较强的表型可塑性,是其生存繁殖的重要响应机制之一. 相似文献
11.
Lotfi Mabrouk Taher Guarred Asma Hamza Imed Messaoudi Ahmed Noureddine Hellal 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014
Fluctuating asymmetry, a random deviation of bilateral traits, is assessed on grass goby Zosterisessor ophiocephalus Pallas, 1811 living in one disturbed site and in one unpolluted site Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia). Statistical analysis showed that assessed asymmetries are fluctuating. FA of orbital diameter, sub-orbital distance, pectoral fin and post-orbital length are higher in polluted site compared to control. Chemical pollution seems to be responsible for this high FA. 相似文献
12.
Glyphosate is globally a widely used herbicide, yet there is little information on their toxicity to marine fishes. Java medaka, a small tropical fish native to coastal areas in several Southeast Asian countries, is viewed as a suitable candidate for toxicity test and thus was used for this study. Java medaka adults were cultured in the laboratory and the fertilized eggs of the F2 generation were exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate-based herbicide (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm) until they hatched. The survival and hatching rates of the embryos, changes in the heart rate and morphological impairments were recorded. Generally, survival and hatching percentage decreased as glyphosate concentration increased. Absence of pectoral fin(s) and cornea, permanently bent tail, irregular shaped abdomen, and cell disruption in the fin, head and abdomen are among the common teratogenic effects observed. Furthermore, risk factor also increased with the increased in glyphosate concentrations. 相似文献
13.
Wiesław Wiśniewolski Janusz Górczyński Wiesław Madry 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1989,51(3):249-259
Width of the first ray of the pectoral fin has been measured in two places for 154 young and 89 adult wels. Statistical relationships between the above characters and fish length as well as its maturity and sex have been proved. Three models of discriminant function for identification of adult fish sex have been derived and verified. The accuracy of sex separation has been 89,5% in a standard sample of wels, and 90,6% in a routine sample, after an adjustment in the procedure. 相似文献
14.
鲚属两种群的形态变异及综合判别 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
测量了代表刀鲚种群和湖鲚种群形态特征的传统可量性状和框架参数,采用主成分分析法和逐步判别法,对它们进行形态综合分析.结果表明:两种群的形态差异主要是受额部有鳞部最前缘到背鳍起点的距离所影响的;所有25个形态参数数据判别分析,表明两种群形态差异极显著(P<0.01),判别准确率100％;利用挑选后的9项参数判别分析,表明两种群的形态差异极显著(P<0.01),判别准确率P1是95％-100%,P2是95.2％-100％,综合判别率为97.5％.对各形态参数进行单因子方差分析,计算各参数的差异系数,根据Mayr提出的75％规则,认为它们的形态差异仍然是种内不同地理种群的差异,还没有上升到亚种水平. 相似文献
15.
Dr. Reiner Eckmann 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1987,49(3):353-362
Embroygenesis of the three coregonid forms Blaufelchen, Gangfisch, and Sandfelchen from Lake Constance was observed at five
different constant temperatures in a static incubation system. The relationship between temperature and the time to reach
14 developmental stages from fertilization to hatching was established for the three forms. Relative to the total incubation
time, pectoral fin flutter and eye movement start earliest in Gangfisch and latest in Blaufelchen. This might allow Gangfisch
to tolerate lower oxygen concentrations during the last phase of embryogenesis than Blaufelchen. Developmental rates per day
as a function of temperature can be calculated by a power function. A model is presented which permits to predict the time
of mass hatching for embryos which are incubated at fluctuating temperatures. The total incubation times for the three coregonids
of Lake Constance are short as compared to those of other coregonids. This is interpreted as an adaptation to the specific
thermal environment of each coregonid stock which helps to ensure larval survival in the respective habitat. 相似文献
16.
Chen X Li L Cheng J Chan LL Wang DZ Wang KJ Baker ME Hardiman G Schlenk D Cheng SH 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,63(5-12):309-317
Oryzias melastigma, also called O. dancena, is becoming a very useful model for estuarine and marine ecotoxicity studies. With O. melastigma being adopted by ILSI Health and Environmental Science Institute (HESI) for embryo toxicity testing, improved knowledge of biomarker based embryonic development becomes especially important for mechanism-based toxicity evaluations. Using whole mount in situ hybridization and immunostaining techniques together with widely used molecular markers, this study describes the molecular development of marine medaka embryos, focusing on the brain, eye, heart, pectoral fin, pancreas, liver, muscle and neuron system. These organs are targets of environmental pollutants that disrupt normal embryonic development in medaka and other fish. 相似文献
17.
Erica L. Donnelly-Greenan James T. Harvey Hannahrose M. Nevins Michelle M. Hester William A. Walker 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014
Marine plastic pollution affects seabirds, including Pacific Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii), that feed at the surface and mistake plastic for prey or incidentally ingest it. Direct and indirect health issues can result, including satiety and possibly leading to inefficient foraging. Our objective was to examine fulmar body condition, identify cephalopod diet to species, enumerate and weigh ingested plastic, and determine if prey number and size were correlated with ingested plastics in beach-cast fulmars wintering in Monterey Bay California (2003, n = 178: 2007, n = 185). Fulmars consumed mostly Gonatus pyros, G. onyx, and G. californiensis of similar size for both years. We found a significant negative correlation between pectoral muscle index and average size of cephalopod beaks per stomach; a significant increase in plastic categories between 2003 and 2007; and no significant correlation between number and mass of plastic compared with number and size of prey for either year. 相似文献
18.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(5-12):309-317
Oryzias melastigma, also called O. dancena, is becoming a very useful model for estuarine and marine ecotoxicity studies. With O. melastigma being adopted by ILSI Health and Environmental Science Institute (HESI) for embryo toxicity testing, improved knowledge of biomarker based embryonic development becomes especially important for mechanism-based toxicity evaluations. Using whole mount in situ hybridization and immunostaining techniques together with widely used molecular markers, this study describes the molecular development of marine medaka embryos, focusing on the brain, eye, heart, pectoral fin, pancreas, liver, muscle and neuron system. These organs are targets of environmental pollutants that disrupt normal embryonic development in medaka and other fish. 相似文献
19.
鱼类形态特征与营养级位置之间关系初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以长江中下游洪泛平原湖泊鱼类为例,探讨鱼类功能性形态特征与其营养级位置之间的关系.所用的116种鱼的食性数据来自于226个鱼类群落,总计16267尾鱼.用几何形态测量法的界标分析法提取鱼类形态特征,相对扭曲度法的前2个主成份能较好地区分鱼类的形态差异,它不仅能够生成散点图,而且能客观地反映出鱼类的形态性状.营养级位置采用肠含物定量分析法,合理地假定肠含物的营养级位置,利用食性数据计算出鱼类的营养级位置.采用广义加性模型分析鱼类营养级位置与功能性形态之间的关系.结果表明:只有当鱼类为植食性鱼类和肉食性鱼类才有特化的功能性形态与之相适应,植食性鱼类有较窄的口裂,而对肉食性鱼类而言,不同生活型的鱼类拥有各自特化的形态特征,如伏击型肉食性鱼类体型呈纺锤形,背鳍靠近头部,眼睛较大且靠上,头部面积较大;而追击型肉食性鱼类体型呈流线型,头部较小,背鳍和腹鳍靠近尾部.而杂食性鱼类在本研究中无更多证据证明有特化的外部形态,亟待进一步研究. 相似文献
20.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,(7)
Fossil cyprinids from the upper part of the upper Eocene Youganwo Formation of Maoming, Guangdong, China were first studied in 1957 by Liu, who referred the only specimen to the genus Cyprinus as a new species, C. maomingensis. And this was suggested as one of the earliest records for fossil cyprinids. Unfortunately, this specimen is poorly preserved and reveals no more morphological information than its serrated last unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays. Recently, some new specimens were unearthed from the same locality, where C. maomingensis was discovered. In addition to the serrated dorsal and anal fin rays, these new materials also show that the pattern and shape of their pharyngeal teeth obviously differ from that of Cyprinus but resemble that of Procypris. However, its number of the branched dorsal fin rays and number of vertebrae are much less than that in Procypris. Morphologically, these specimens are closer to Procypris than to Cyprinus. This is the first report of fossil Procypris-like fish, and it implies that Procypris-like fish is an early member of the Tribe Cyprinini sensu stricto(sensu Yang et al., 2010) and the origin of this group can be traced back at least to the late Eocene. 相似文献