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1.
湖泊水质遥感的几个关键问题 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
我国目前约有面积大于1km2的湖泊有3000个,绝大部分属高叶绿素和高悬浮物浓度水体,属于典型的Ⅱ类水体,物质组成多样,水体的光学辐射传输复杂,且有大范围的光学浅水.我国的湖泊水质/水色遥感虽然取得了一定进展,但借鉴海洋水色遥感的相关理论和经验,还需要解决以下四个关键问题:1)兼顾海洋沿海水质遥感,发展专用的静止卫星湖泊水质遥感器;2)在当前多光谱遥感资料基础上研发高光谱湖泊水质因子提取的遥感定量化模型,提高反演精度;3)深化湖底底质对湖泊水质/水质遥感影响研究,发展湖底水质遥感反射率精确计算模型;4)发展适用于湖泊水体区域性Ⅱ类水体大气校正方法,并集成反演、遥感产品制作、分发等技术,构建湖泊水体水质/水色业务化运行体系. 相似文献
2.
海面浮油膜是海洋石油污染监测与海洋油气资源勘探的共同关注对象,其厚度的遥感定量反演是研究难点之一.随着油膜厚度的变化,入射光在浮油膜中的辐射传输有所不同,是海面浮油膜厚度光学遥感反演的理论依据.本研究将均匀分布的浮油膜视为一个平行平板,分析其可见光范围内的辐射传输过程,探讨油膜反射光的双光束干涉,构建以油膜厚度及其光谱反射率为变量的油膜厚度遥感定量反演模型,并结合菲涅耳公式进行模型参数的物理意义分析,揭示油膜厚度遥感定量反演的关键在于油膜的消光特性.利用油膜光谱响应实验数据,开展理论模型的分析与验证,结果表明：油膜厚度遥感定量反演的理论模型不仅具有明确的光学物理意义,同时也具有较好的模拟精度;浮油膜光谱反射率随厚度变化响应的主要因素是油膜对入射光的分子散射作用,该散射作用与入射光波长具有显著的关系,因此油膜光学遥感散射特性研究将有助于油膜种类识别与厚度的遥感定量反演;模型参数的理论意义与数据分析表明,建立典型油种油膜的模型参数查找表,将有效提高海面浮油膜厚度遥感定量反演的效率. 相似文献
3.
4.
水体Chl.a浓度是水质评价的一个重要指标,受悬浮物浓度季节性变化的影响,如何削弱悬浮物的光谱干扰,是实现内陆水体Chl.a浓度遥感高精度反演的难点之一.基于2011-2013年妫水河6次实测水体高光谱数据和水体Chl.a浓度数据,评价广泛应用的三波段模型和非线性拟合能力较好的支持向量机回归(SVR)模型的反演精度,使用基线校正和一阶微分方法来削弱实测高光谱中非Chl.a光谱信息.定义两种基线:750 nm的反射率值;500与750 nm的反射率值连线,基线校正为光谱反射率减去基线值.利用2013年7月的实测数据进行验证,结果表明,SVR模型比三波段模型更适合季节性浑浊水体的Chl.a浓度反演.通过基线校正筛选后的波段反射率组合作为输入变量能够提高SVR模型的反演精度,决定系数为0.68,均方根误差为3.38μg/L;线性基线校正提高三波段Chl.a估算模型的反演能力有限. 相似文献
5.
MODIS陆地气溶胶遥感反演 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用卫星数据遥感陆地气溶胶一直是国际上研究的难点与热点. 利用新一代传感器MODIS(中分辨率成像光谱仪)数据, DDV(Dark Dense Vegetation)算法反演陆地气溶胶的分布以及性质已经取得了较好的效果. 然而, 该算法只适用于诸如水体、浓密植被等较低地表反射率区域, 大大限制了该算法的实际应用范围, 尤其是无法应用于城市等亮地表区域气溶胶的遥感反演. 文中提出了基于利用TERRA和AQUA双星MODIS数据的协同反演模型算法(SYNTAM-Synergy of Terra and Aqua MODIS), 用以反演陆地气溶胶的光学厚度等信息. 该算法实现了地表反射率与气溶胶光学厚度的同时反演, 可应用于各种地表反射率类型, 包括城市等亮地表区域. 通过与国际AERONET的地面观测数据对比做初步的反演验证, 结果表明, 该算法具有较高的精度, 进一步的验证工作还在继续. 相似文献
6.
利用卫星数据遥感陆地气溶胶一直是国际上研究的难点与热点.利用新一代传感器MODIS(中分辨率成像光谱仪)数据,DDV(Dark Dense Vegetation)算法反演陆地气溶胶的分布以及性质已经取得了较好的效果.然而,该算法只适用于诸如水体、浓密植被等较低地表反射率区域,大大限制了该算法的实际应用范围,尤其是无法应用于城市等亮地表区域气溶胶的遥感反演.文中提出了基于利用TERRA和AQUA双星MODIS数据的协同反演模型算法(SYNTAM-Synergy of Terra and Aqua MODIS),用以反演陆地气溶胶的光学厚度等信息.该算法实现了地表反射率与气溶胶光学厚度的同时反演,可应用于各种地表反射率类型,包括城市等亮地表区域.通过与国际AERONET的地面观测数据对比做初步的反演验证,结果表明,该算法具有较高的精度,进一步的验证工作还在继续. 相似文献
7.
基于半分析模型的波段最优化组合反演混浊太湖水体叶绿素a 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
内陆水体叶绿素a浓度定量反演是水质遥感的热点与难点.本文基于对内陆水体叶绿素a、悬浮物、溶解有机物与水分子的光谱特征分析,从半分析生物光学模型出发,利用太湖实测的水面 ASD 高光谱遥感数据三波段组合,进行迭代优化,得到与叶绿素浓度密切相关而受悬浮物与黄色物质影响小的最优波段组合模型,反演精度较高,其决定系数和均方根误差分别为 0.8358、3.816mg/m3,该方法可以有效地反演高浓度悬浮物主导光学特性的水体叶绿素a浓度. 相似文献
8.
基于环境一号卫星高光谱遥感数据的巢湖水体叶绿素a浓度反演 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
三波段模型是基于生物光学模型构建的叶绿素a浓度反演半分析模型,是目前反演内陆富营养化浑浊水体叶绿素a浓度效果较好的方法.本文通过星地同步实验,分析巢湖水体各组分光谱特征,分别基于地面实测数据与环境一号卫星高光谱遥感数据建立三波段模型反演巢湖水体叶绿素a浓度.结果表明,由于特征波段在不同数据源的位置不同,导致了两个模型波段选择及反演精度的差异.因此,只有在充分考虑遥感数据的光谱特征的条件下,分析遥感信息理论和实际图幅影像有效结合在一起的地物信息,才能进一步优化三波段模型的波段选择,实现遥感数据定量反演水体叶绿素a浓度的目标. 相似文献
9.
《中国科学:地球科学》2017,(9)
大气中SO_2是一种对城市大气环境变化和全球辐射能量平衡有着重要影响的痕量气体.BRD(Band Residual Difference Algorithm)和DOAS(Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy)算法是两种主要的SO_2总量遥感反演算法,分别被用于美国和欧洲不同卫星载荷数据的SO_2反演.然而,目前缺少两种算法在相同观测条件下SO_2反演的精度比较及不确定性分析、在物理数学反演机制上的差异追因.因此,本文基于相同的仿真模拟数据和卫星紫外辐射观测数据,反演获得不同大气状况下的BRD和DOAS SO_2总量并进行精度比较验证.从算法反演通道、O_3吸收、气溶胶、地表反射率和观测角度影响等方面,讨论分析BRD和DOAS反演结果差异及反演误差的原因.结果表明,在低浓度SO_2情况下,BRD反演SO_2总量更接近于正演输入SO_2总量,DOAS反演结果存在高估,但相对于BRD算法,DOAS算法长时间序列卫星反演结果更能表现出SO_2的季节变化特征;在高浓度SO_2情况下,BRD(310.8~314.4nm)和DOAS(315~327nm)反演结果的绝对值差异明显且存在低估,BRD(310.8~314.4nm)SO_2反演值及反演精度都低于DOAS(315~327nm)反演结果.基于高光谱分辨率大气辐射传输模型SCIATRAN的反演不确定性分析结果显示,反演通道选择、紫外O_3吸收、气溶胶、地表反射率和观测角度对SO_2总量反演精度的影响较大.本研究对于SO_2卫星遥感反演算法的改进及SO_2反演产品的应用具有重要的科学意义,也可促进中国未来大气成分SO_2卫星遥感产品的研发. 相似文献
10.
基于叶绿素荧光峰特征的浑浊水体悬浮物浓度遥感反演 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
内陆水体光学特性复杂,其水质参数遥感反演是当前环境遥感研究的热点与难点.2004年10月在太湖实测了67个站点的遥感反射率与相应站点水质参数浓度,通过对水体反射率光谱的分析发现,秋季太湖悬浮物主导了水体光学特性,叶绿素荧光峰的特征主要体现为悬浮物浓度的变化.据此建立了基于水面实测岛光谱遥感反射率数据的叶绿素荧光峰特征与悬浮物浓度之间的拟合关系,发现二者具有很好的响应关系.具体分析了叶绿素荧光峰绝对高度、基线高度、归一化高度(分别归一化到560nm附近最大反射率波段与近红外810nm附近最大反射率波段)及荧光峰积分面积(包括积分总面积、基线以下面积与基线以上面积)等儿种光谱特征与悬浮物浓度之间的关系,其相关系数(R2)分别为0.8822、0.7483、0.8901、0.8547、0.8927、0.8877、0.8632,平均相对误差分别为27.25%、41.03%、27.11%、25.75%、24.91%、25.47%、27.54%.总体反演精度较高,其中总积分面积法效果最好,基线高度法效果最差,而叶绿索荧光峰波段的位移与悬浮物浓度之间不存在明显的相关性.研究结果表明叶绿素荧光峰特征在浑浊内陆水体悬浮物浓度信息提取中具有很好的应用前景,该方法可为浑浊的二类水体悬浮物遥感反演提供了一个新思路. 相似文献
11.
Vector radiative transfer numerical model of coupled ocean-atmosphere system using matrix-operator method 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
HE XianQiang PAN DeLu BAI Yan ZHU QianKun & GONG Fang State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou China Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(3):442-452
A vector radiative transfer numerical model of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system is developed based on the matrix-operator method, which is named PCOART. Using the Fourier analysis, the vector radiative transfer equation (VRTE) is separated into a set of equations depending only on the observa-tion zenith angle. Using the Gaussian-Quadrature method, VRTE is finally transferred into the matrix equation solved by the adding-doubling method. According to the reflective and refractive properties of the ocean-atmosphere interface, the vector radiative transfer numerical model of the ocean and at-mosphere is coupled in PCOART. Compared with the exact Rayleigh scattering look-up tables of MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), it is shown that PCOART is an exactly numerical model, and the processing methods of the multi-scattering and polarization are correct. Also, validated with the standard problems of the radiative transfer in water, it is shown that PCOART can be used to calculate the underwater radiative transfer problems. Therefore, PCOART is a useful tool for exactly calculating the vector radiative transfer of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system, which can be used to study the polarization properties of the radiance in the whole ocean-atmosphere system and the remote sensing of the atmosphere and ocean. 相似文献
12.
吸收系数和后向散射系数是水体的固有光学特性参数,在探测水体中各组分浓度的过程中起着至关重要的作用.但通常组分固有光学特性的测定是一个操作复杂且费时费力的过程.提出了一种利用已知组分浓度和相应的反射光谱的水体样本来推定水体中各组分的吸收和后向散射系数的算法,并利用生物光学模型产生的模拟光谱数据对算法的合理性进行了验证.结果表明,在理想的实验条件下(反射光谱满足机理模型,且选取的训练样本相互独立),可以高精度地反演出各组分的固有光学特性,从而证实了本算法在理论卜的合理性. 相似文献
13.
Radiative transfer corrections for accurate spectroscopic measurements of volcanic gas emissions 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Christoph Kern Tim Deutschmann Leif Vogel Markus Wöhrbach Thomas Wagner Ulrich Platt 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2010,72(2):233-247
There is widespread use of passive remote sensing techniques to quantify trace gas column densities in volcanic plumes utilizing
scattered sunlight as a light source. Examples include passive DOAS, COSPEC, and the SO2 camera. In order to calculate trace gas concentrations or volcanic emission fluxes, knowledge about the optical path through
the plume is necessary. In the past, a straight photon path through the plume has always been assumed although it was known
that this is not always true. Here we present the results of model studies conducted specifically to quantify the effects
of realistic radiative transfer in and around volcanic plumes on ground-based remote sensing measurements of SO2. The results show that measurements conducted without additional information on average photon paths can be inaccurate under
certain conditions, with possible errors spanning more than an order of magnitude. Both over and underestimation of the true
column density can occur. Actual errors depend on parameters such as distance between instrument and plume, plume SO2 concentration, plume aerosol load, as well as aerosol conditions in the ambient atmosphere. As an example, a measurement
conducted with an SO2 camera is discussed, the results of which can only be correctly interpreted if realistic radiative transfer is considered.
Finally, a method is presented which for the first time allows the retrieval of actual average photon paths in spectroscopic
(i.e. DOAS) measurements of adequate resolution. By allowing for a wavelength dependent column density during the evaluation
of DOAS measurements, we show how radiative transfer effects can be corrected using information inherently available in the
measured spectra, thus greatly enhancing the accuracy of DOAS measurements of volcanic emissions. 相似文献
14.
E. Aghaarabi F. Aminravan R. Sadiq M. Hoorfar M. J. Rodriguez H. Najjaran 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2014,28(3):655-679
This paper presents the use of two multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) frameworks based on hierarchical fuzzy inference engines for the purpose of assessing drinking water quality in distribution networks. Incommensurable and uncertain water quality parameters (WQPs) at various sampling locations of the water distribution network (WDN) are monitored. Two classes of WQPs including microbial and physicochemical parameters are considered. Partial, incomplete and subjective information on WQPs introduce uncertainty to the water quality assessment process. Likewise, conflicting WQPs result in a partially reliable assessment of the quality associated with drinking water. The proposed methodology is based on two hierarchical inference engines tuned using historical data on WQPs in the WDN and expert knowledge. Each inference engine acts as a decision-making agent specialized in assessing one aspect of quality associated with drinking water. The MCDM frameworks were developed to assess the microbial and physicochemical aspects of water quality assessment. The MCDM frameworks are based on either fuzzy evidential or fuzzy rule-based inference. Both frameworks can interpret and communicate the relative quality associated with drinking water, while the second is superior in capturing the nonlinear relationships between the WQPs and estimated water quality. More comprehensive rules will have to be generated prior to reliable water quality assessment in real-case situations. The examples presented here serve to demonstrate the proposed frameworks. Both frameworks were tested through historical data available for a WDN, and a comparison was made based on their performance in assessing levels of water quality at various sampling locations of the network. 相似文献
15.
Although the calculation of radiative transfer in the middle-shortwave infrared band is important in the field of optical remote sensing, studies in this area of research are rare in China. Both solar reflection and atmospheric emission should be considered when calculating radiative transfer in the middle-shortwave infrared band. This paper presents a new radiative transfer model based on the doubling and adding method. The new model uses approximate calculations of direct solar reflection,multiple scattering, and thermal emissions for a finitely thin atmospheric layer and considers both the solar and thermal sources of radiation. To verify its accuracy, the calculation results produced by the model for four typical scenarios(single layer at night,multi-layer aerosols, double-layer with ice and water clouds, and multi-layer with clouds and aerosols) were compared with those of the DISORT model. With the exception of a few channels, the absolute deviation between the two models was less than2×10~(-6) K. For the same calculation, the computation speed of the new model was approximately two to three times faster than that of the DISORT model. Sensitivity studies were performed to evaluate the error resulting from using simplified calculation methods in the new model. The results obtained in this study indicated that atmospheric thermal emission made a significant contribution to the measured radiance in the strong-absorption band(2230–2400 cm~(-1)), whereas solar radiation could be neglected in this region. However, neglecting solar radiation in the window region(2400–2580 cm~(-1)) introduced error on the order of dozens of K. Employing the average-layer temperature method simplified the calculation of thermal radiation but caused a larger error in the strong-absorption band than in the window region. In the doubling and adding method, the calculation error decreased as the value used for minimum optical thickness decreased. Under the condition of satisfying the requirement of calculation precision, we can consider using the layer-average temperature radiation method and selecting a relative larger minimum optical thickness value to improve the calculation efficiency. The new radiative calculation model proposed herein can be used in the simulation, inversion, and assimilation of middle-shortwave infrared measurements by hyper-spectral satellite instruments. 相似文献
16.
A GLUE‐based uncertainty assessment framework for tritium‐inferred transit time estimations under baseflow conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 Francesc Gallart Maria Roig‐Planasdemunt Michael K. Stewart Pilar Llorens Uwe Morgenstern Willibald Stichler Laurent Pfister Jérôme Latron 《水文研究》2016,30(25):4741-4760
The last decade has seen major technical and scientific improvements in the study of water transfer time through catchments. Nevertheless, it has been argued that most of these developments used conservative tracers that may disregard the oldest component of water transfer, which often has transit times greater than 5 years. Indeed, although the analytical reproducibility of tracers limits the detection of the older flow components associated with the most dampened seasonal fluctuations, this is very rarely taken into account in modelling applications. Tritium is the only environmental tracer at hand to investigate transfer times in the 5‐ to 50‐year range in surface waters, as dissolved gases are not suitable due to the degassing process. Water dating with tritium has often been difficult because of the complex history of its atmospheric concentration, but its current stabilization together with recent analytical improvements open promising perspectives. In this context, the innovative contribution of this study lies in the development of a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation‐based approach for analysing the uncertainties associated with the modelling of transit time due to both parameter identification and tracer analytical precision issues. A coupled resampling procedure allows assessment of the statistical significance of the transfer time differences found in diverse waters. This approach was developed for tritium and the exponential‐piston model but can be implemented for virtually any tracer and model. Stream baseflow, spring and shallow aquifer waters from the Vallcebre research catchments, analysed for tritium in different years with different analytical precisions, were investigated by using this approach and taking into account other sources of uncertainty. The results showed three groups of waters of different mean transit times, with all the stream baseflow and spring waters older than the 5‐year threshold needing tritium. Low sensitivity of the results to the model structure was also demonstrated. Dual solutions were found for the waters sampled in 2013, but these results may be disambiguated when additional analyses will be made in a few years. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Bouchra Nechad Aida Alvera-Azcaràte Kevin Ruddick Naomi Greenwood 《Ocean Dynamics》2011,61(8):1205-1214
In situ measurements of total suspended matter (TSM) over the period 2003–2006, collected with two autonomous platforms from
the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (Cefas) measuring the optical backscatter (OBS) in the southern
North Sea, are used to assess the accuracy of TSM time series extracted from satellite data. Since there are gaps in the remote
sensing (RS) data, due mainly to cloud cover, the Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions (DINEOF) is used to fill
in the TSM time series and build a continuous daily “recoloured” dataset. The RS datasets consist of TSM maps derived from
MODIS imagery using the bio-optical model of Nechad et al. (Rem Sens Environ 114: 854–866, 2010). In this study, the DINEOF
time series are compared to the in situ OBS measured in moderately to very turbid waters respectively in West Gabbard and
Warp Anchorage, in the southern North Sea. The discrepancies between instantaneous RS, DINEOF-filled RS data and Cefas data
are analysed in terms of TSM algorithm uncertainties, space–time variability and DINEOF reconstruction uncertainty. 相似文献
18.
太湖水体的后向散射概率 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
假设2004年10月太湖水体的吸收系数和遥感反射比的测量误差为0,利用生物光学模型,通过优化算法,在光学深水区模拟获得水体的后向散射系数,然后通过后向散射概率和颗粒物后向散射系数之间的定量关系,获得水体中可能真实的颗粒物后向散射概率结果表明,太湖水体的颗粒物后向散射概率不是一个定值,可以表示为波长的二次函数,在442、488、532、589、676和852nm处分别为0.017、0.017、0.027、0.033、0.054和0.094,均值为0.041,标准偏差为0.030。 相似文献
19.
Modeling Full Seismogram Envelopes Using Radiative Transfer Theory with Born Scattering Coefficients
The equation of radiative transfer is used to model the transport of seismic energy in 2-D and 3-D acoustic random media.
Monte-Carlo solutions of this equation using non-isotropic Born scattering coefficients are compared to three analytical solutions:
Markov approximation, radiative transfer theory with isotropic scattering coefficients, and diffusion approximation. Additionally,
we compare to finite differences solutions of the full wave equation in 2-D. We find a good correspondence of radiative transfer
theory to Markov approximation for the case of multiple forward scattering. The comparison to radiative transfer theory with
isotropic scattering coefficients, a model frequently used in data analysis, demonstrates that in the case of forward scattering
the isotropic scattering model is not better than a diffusion approach. To compare radiative transfer theory with non-isotropic
scattering coefficients to finite differences solutions of the full wave equation, the finite source duration and the bandpass
filter process as well as the normalization of absolute amplitudes are explicitely taken into account. We find a good coincidence
of both theories for scattering parameters, which are realistic for usual Earth crust. The theory correctly describes the
unscattered direct wavefront, the envelope broadening caused by multiple forward scattering, as well as the late coda caused
by multiple wide angle scattering. For strong scattering, which can be expected for very heterogeneous media such as strato
volcanoes, the solutions of radiative transfer differ from the more complete solutions of the full wave equation. 相似文献