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介绍了青海省兴海７．０级地震前水氡，地下水位，地表形变，地震活动性，气象及动物等出现的异常，并对震前的预报作了简介。 相似文献
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瓦屋山水电站水库诱发地震危险性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
瓦屋山水电站位于川南台陷南端，南邻峨眉山断块，水库南缘的毛沟断裂最新活动时期为晚更新世，水库处于活动性大地构造环境中，该区属于名山－马边－昭通过地震北段，以弱震活动为主，伴有少量中强地震，目前正处于地震活动期，从分析库区地质构造，水文地质，工程地质，地震活动等条件，并使用水库综合影响系数法，贝叶斯概率预测法，断层强度分析法，判定库区存在着发生构造型水库诱发地震的可能性，诱发地震强度Ｍｓ≤５．５。划 相似文献
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本文介绍了淮阴１号桥钢筋混凝土组合梁桥面系的施工工艺，钢梁及斜索的安装，桥面混凝土裂缝控制等方面的问题。 相似文献
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唐山地震与海城地震之共性特征及关问题的讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在前人研究的基础上，详细分析了１９７６年唐山７．８级地震与１９７５年海城７．３级地震的共性特征，认为它们可能是由同一种原因引起的，而且伴随地震而发生的各种现象是相互联系，同出一因的，本文还分析了一些有关的现象，论述了上次两次地震的发生可能可由垂直力引起的，地壳内岩源上涌可以产生垂直作用力，认为这两次地震的发生可能是岩浆上涌的直接结果。 相似文献
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四川西部发生7级大震危险性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川西部地处青藏高原东部，是我国强震多发地区之一。１９７６年松潘７．２有大震后至今已近２０年无大震发生，超过本世纪发生７级大震 最长间隔时间，加之川滇７级大震有对迁特点，１９９６年２月３日丽江７．０级大震后，四川发生大震的危险更为增大。另外，结合其它条件分析，认为四川西部地区，尤其是马边与冕宁二地未来１－３年内有发震危险。 相似文献
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借用细胞自动机的计算处理方法，对地震孕育过程中整个系统能量输入，积累，释放，传播等进行了数字模拟，并研究了复杂地震系统的整体特征，结果表明，整体调整系统，地震时能量的损耗系数，外部构造应力场的驱动力大小会影响到地震系统中能量积累和释放的状况，影响到Ｇ－Ｒ关系中ｂ值的大小。 相似文献
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“海峡地震”刍议（代序）强烈地震的发生，往往给人类带来不同程度的破坏，乃至酿成巨大的灾难。为了减轻和抗御这种不可避免的自然灾害，各级政府和社会公众理所当然地对防震减灾工作给予高度的关注。然而，每一个地震事件，又给人们带来许多可贵的信息。随着观测技术的... 相似文献
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地震活动的分幕研究及其我国主要地震区带未来十年的趋势预测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地震学者认为，在地震活动区一个较长的地震活动期里，地震群体活动的强度有一个发展变化的过程。笔者认为在一个地震活动期里，不仅地震群体活动在强度上有一个变化过程，而且在地震活动期的各个阶段中地震活跃幕和平静幕的持续时间也可能会有较显著的不同。基于这一思想，文中研究了华北地震区、我国西部及其邻区以及全国大部分地震带，在一个较长的地震活动期里，随着地震幕强度的变化，幕的持续时间和平静幕的持续时间通常有两种 相似文献
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地震活动时序谱的涨落统计特征与地震活跃期 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为寻求地震活动演化的统计判据，本文采用多项式拟合法展示地震时序谱之涨落谱，以分维函数法判断最小邻间距（NNS）分布的Poisson性，然后采用MKS无参量法判别涨落谱之统计稳定性，确定NNS分布的转变区，具体研讨了四川、云南若干震区地震活动时序谱的涨落统计分布，发现地震活跃期到来时NNS分布表现出非Poisson化的特征。进一步通过改变和调节时序数据样本集之震级下限，并逐段前推进行统计计算的方式进一步验证结果的可靠性，客观地确定了这些震区地震活动时序涨落谱统计特征的转变期，使根据该统计法判断地震活跃期的方法论渐趋完善。 相似文献
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城市地震避难疏散场所的规划原则与要求 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
地震避难疏散场所是城市抗震防灾规划的重要组成部分。位于地震区的城市必须规划建设地震避难疏散场所。探讨了规划建设城市地震避难疏散场所的重要意义、基本原则、主要要求与重要指标。规划建设的城市地震避难疏散场所必须确保避难疏散安全。 相似文献
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已知避难建筑相较于场地型避难场所更有利于中长期避难,而目前我国城镇避难场所建设以场地型为主,建筑型避难场所存在严重不足。基于此,首先提出将中小学校舍建设为建筑型避难场所的重要性及可行性,并从空间利用角度对其可作为避难建筑的类型进行分析研究,指出中小学体育馆、食堂、宿舍和教室可建设为避难建筑;其次对我国城镇地区现状中小学校舍能够作为避难建筑的容灾能力进行分析,结果表明:现状满足100%的短期灾时避难人口的避难需求,以及满足60%的中长期灾时避难人口的避难需求;最后通过计算进行预测,可知随着城镇人口的增长,其所需的避难规模能够在日常城镇中小学校舍建设更新中逐步实现,大约需要未来20年时间基本可以实现中等规模灾害建筑型避难,大灾害长期避难能够满足100%的中长期灾时避难人口的避难需求,具有规划规模可实现性和可行性。 相似文献
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Floods can destroy fish habitat. During a flood a fish has to seek shelters (refuges) to survive. It is necessary to know the maximum discharge that the fish can sustain against the strong current. Ecological and hydraulic engineers can simulate the flow condition of high flow for designing the refuge when restoring and enhancing the rivers are needed. Based on the average ratio of the mean and maximum velocities invariant with time, discharge and water level, this paper tries to introduce the concept of ecological high flow. The mean‐maximum velocity ratio can be used to estimate the mean velocity of the river. If the maximum velocity of the cross section is replaced by the maximum sustained swimming speeds of fish, the mean velocity of ecological high flow can be calculated with the constant ratio. The cross‐sectional area can be estimated by the gage height. Then the ecological high flow can be estimated as the product of mean velocity of ecological high flow multiplied by the cross‐sectional area. The available data of the upstream of the Dacha River where is the habitat of the Formosan landlocked salmon were used to illustrate the estimation of the ecological high flow. Any restoration project at Sonmou that try to improve the stream habitat can use the ecological high flow to design the hydraulic structure at suitable location to offer refuges for the Formosan landlocked salmon that is an endangered species in Taiwan Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Emergency assessment of seismic landslide susceptibility： a case study of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake affected area 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The 8.0 Mw Wenchuan earthquake triggered widespread and large scale landslides in mountainous regions.An approach was used to map and assess landslide susceptibility in a given area. A numerical rating system was applied to five factors that contribute to slope instability. Factors such as lithology, topography, streams and faults have an important influence as event-controlling factors for landslide susceptibility assessment. A final map is provided to show areas of low,medium, and high landslide susceptibility. Areas identified as having high landslide susceptibility were located in the central,northeastern, and far south regions of the study area. The assessment results will help decision makers to select safe sites for emergency placement of refuges and plan for future reconstruction. The maps may also be used as a basis for landslide risk management in the study area. 相似文献
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Water temperature (Tw) is a key determinant of freshwater ecosystem status and cause for concern under a changing climate. Hence, there is growing interest in the feasibility of moderating rising Tw through management of riparian shade. The Loughborough University Temperature Network (LUTEN) is an array of 36 water and air temperature (Ta) monitoring sites in the English Peak District set‐up to explore the predictability of local Tw, given Ta, river reach, and catchment properties. Year 1 of monitoring shows that 84%–94% of variance in daily Tw is explained by Ta. However, site‐specific logistic regression parameters exhibit marked variation and dependency on upstream riparian shade. Perennial spring flows in the lower River Dove also affect regression model parameters and strongly buffer daily and seasonal mean Tw. The asymptote of the models (i.e. maximum expected Tw) is particularly sensitive to groundwater inputs. We conclude that reaches with spring flows potentially offer important thermal refuges for aquatic organisms against expected long‐term warming of rivers and should be afforded special protection. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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《Limnologica》2016
The Ponto–Caspian amphipod Pontogammarus robustoides was introduced into Lithuanian inland waters more than 50 years ago and is now among the most successful local crustacean invaders. Existing as an oxyphilic species in its native range, in Lithuania it managed to establish in some lentic eutrophic waters facing long-term hypoxic conditions under winter ice cover, or shorter periods of hypoxia during the warm season. Recently, it has been observed to be further expanding in such waters. The aim of this study was to explore the possible divergence in anaerobic metabolism among introduced populations facing different selective pressures. A closed-bottle experiment was conducted using individuals from three Lithuanian lentic water bodies of different trophic status: mesotrophic, eutrophic and hypertrophic. Severe hypoxia was gradually reached, after which lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher in amphipods from eutrophic and hypertrophic, than from mesotrophic environments, and was well correlated with trophic status of inhabited environments as assessed by chlorophyll a concentration. These findings suggest a physiological acclimation response to oxygen deficiency faced by the species in some environments in the northern invaded range, which may have a genetic background. Such resistance to oxygen deficiency may expand the environmental niche and promote species’ spread into previously unsuitable habitats, which may pose a threat to native species residing in refuges that are currently free of the invader. 相似文献
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BRIAN S. CARUSO 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):677-699
Abstract During severe drought and low flows in the Otago Region of the South Island of New Zealand, increased bacterial contamination of rivers occurred in agricultural/pastoral catchments due to greater stock use of waterways and the lack of dilution and flushing flows. Concentrations and loadings of nitrogen and phosphorus generally decreased due to the lack of rainfall, runoff and transport from diffuse sources. Other analytes, including dissolved solids and pH, did not change to any considerable degree and were quite spatially variable. Although the health of benthic macroinvertebrate communities can decrease with a lower diversity and fewer sensitive taxa, effects were not significant in most rivers. Algal blooms occurred in some locations, particularly in lowland agricultural catchments with low water velocities and little shade. The prolonged lack of flushing flows can be a significant problem. Fish kills occurred where they became stranded and isolated from the main flow and where there was a lack of deeper pool refuges. Temperatures in excess of 25°C can also result in isolated fish kills, but the duration of these high temperatures appears to be the most critical factor. Adverse effects from drought can be widespread and severe in some locations, but appear to be relatively short-lived with recovery occurring rapidly with increasing flows at most locations. This indicates a degree of resilience of rivers to drought and low flows with long-term impacts that are not severe. 相似文献
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《Limnologica》2019
During the last century, the human-derived impact on freshwater systems has been severe all around the world. Artificial eutrophication has an outstanding relevance in urban aquatic ecosystems and it is recognized as one of the most common problems associated with water deterioration in urban lakes and ponds. Therefore, more studies regarding the trophic interactions and the potential rehabilitation methods should be encouraged. Our aim is to evaluate at a mesocosm scale, a device composed of native aquatic plants, either submerged (SPD) or floating (FPD), including an extra artificial potential refuge (bio balls rolls) for zooplankton as a rehabilitation tool for urban ponds. As regards the impact of the tested devices on water quality variables, FPD provoked a decrease in TP and pH. In turns, SPD maintained the dissolved oxygen concentrations above those registered in FPD. Transparency was significantly higher in the presence of plants at final time. Differences in phytoplankton morpho-functional group diversity and zooplankton functional feeding groups were registered by the end of the experiment. Zooplankton abundance at the artificial refuges was higher than at the water column; a study of the efficiency of the bio balls rolls as potential active/passive refugees is merited.Considering benefits on water quality variables, we suggest that a device combining floating macrophytes plus the bio ball rolls deserves to be further tested at a greater scale in order to be considered as a water rehabilitation tool, including plant harvest. 相似文献
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Influence of a rock glacier spring on the stream energy budget and cold‐water refuge in an alpine stream 
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下载免费PDF全文 The thermal regimes of alpine streams remain understudied and have important implications for cold‐water fish habitat, which is expected to decline due to climatic warming. Previous research has focused on the effects of distributed energy fluxes and meltwater from snowpacks and glaciers on the temperature of mountain streams. This study presents the effects of the groundwater spring discharge from an inactive rock glacier containing little ground ice on the temperature of an alpine stream. Rock glaciers are coarse blocky landforms that are ubiquitous in alpine environments and typically exhibit low groundwater discharge temperatures and resilience to climatic warming. Water temperature data indicate that the rock glacier spring cools the stream by an average of 3 °C during July and August and reduces maximum daily temperatures by an average of 5 °C during the peak temperature period of the first two weeks in August, producing a cold‐water refuge downstream of the spring. The distributed stream surface and streambed energy fluxes are calculated for the reach along the toe of the rock glacier, and solar radiation dominates the distributed stream energy budget. The lateral advective heat flux generated by the rock glacier spring is compared to the distributed energy fluxes over the study reach, and the spring advective heat flux is the dominant control on stream temperature at the reach scale. This study highlights the potential for coarse blocky landforms to generate climatically resilient cold‐water refuges in alpine streams. 相似文献