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1.
采集未破坏沉积物结构的柱状沉积物样品,通过室内41 d的培养实验,研究了沉水植物生长过程对间隙水中NH_4~ -N和PO_4~(3-)-P的浓度的动态影响,分析了沉水植物生物量与沉积物中氮磷释放通量的对应关系.结果表明:随沉水植物生长和生物量增加,上部0-5 cm沉积物垂向各层间隙水中NH_4~ -N含量呈逐步降低,表现出沉积物-水界面氮的释放通量与沉水植物生物量存在负相关性;而间隙水PO_4~(3 )-P含量则随沉水植物生长呈单峰型变化,磷释放通量与生物量相关性不明显.初步反映沉水植物在沉积物的生长过程中对氮磷吸收的生物地球化学机制是不同的.  相似文献   

2.
鄱阳湖沉积物间隙水中磷的含量及其分布特征   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
根据2010年1月对鄱阳湖各站点沉积物的采样分析,研究了鄱阳湖沉积物间隙水中总溶解性磷(DTP)与可溶性正磷酸盐(DIP)的含量及其分布特征,并对各站点表层沉积物间隙水中DTP和DIP的含量及其沉积物中TP与IP的含量进行了相关性分析.结果表明,鄱阳湖各站点表层沉积物(0 -2cm)间隙水中DTP的平均含量为0.134...  相似文献   

3.
以太湖重度蓝藻水华发生的西北湖区为研究对象,从河口至湖心区设置5个采样点,于2012年10月至2013年10月逐月采集表层水体样品,测定了水温、溶解氧和浮游细菌丰度,并分析了浮游植物群落结构的组成、溶解性无机氮(DIN)和有机氮(DON)浓度以及氮磷比.研究结果表明,太湖西北湖区浮游植物主要由蓝藻、硅藻、绿藻和隐藻组成.可能由于风、浪等混合作用使太湖西北湖区不同采样点之间蓝藻细胞密度没有显著差异.蓝藻生物量在浮游植物中所占比例最高为34%±15%,春季部分点位隐藻生物量高于50%,表明隐藻与蓝藻的相互竞争趋势显著.CCA排序图结果表明,DIN、DON浓度以及总氮∶总磷比(TN∶TP比)是影响西北湖区浮游植物优势属分布的重要环境因子.5个采样点铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)与DIN浓度具有显著差异,与DON浓度没有显著差异.夏季蓝藻水华暴发期间,可能由于蓝藻的吸收利用引起NH_4~+-N和硝态氮(NO_3~--N)浓度迅速降低.此外,由于NH_4~+-N浓度还可能受到沉积物NH_4~+-N释放的影响,因此,蓝藻细胞密度与NO_3~--N的相关系数和显著水平均高于NH_4~+-N.夏季TN∶TP比和DIN∶TP比降至最低,表明该湖区浮游植物,尤其是蓝藻的生长可能受到氮限制.蓝藻细胞密度与DON浓度呈显著负相关,表明在氮限制条件下,DON可能是蓝藻氮素利用的重要补充.  相似文献   

4.
以淮南后湖非稳沉采煤沉陷区沉积物-水体界面为研究对象,分析该湖未开发区(A区)、水产养殖区(B区)和水生蔬菜种植区(C区)3个功能区上覆水-间隙水-沉积物体系中氮、磷分布及其迁移特征.结果表明,氮、磷在不同水体界面的分布差异较大.其中上覆水中氮、磷浓度表现为A区B区C区;间隙水中氮、磷分布差异不显著,然而各功能区间隙水的氮、磷浓度明显高于上覆水,氮、磷主要由间隙水向上覆水中移动;沉积物中氮、磷含量以C区最高.后湖采煤沉陷区水体表现出氮污染、磷限制的现象.  相似文献   

5.
为明确消落区土壤养分对植物生长的影响,通过室内栽培试验,研究三峡库区秭归消落区土壤3种氮磷水平下4种草本植物—鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)、水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper)、藜(Chenopodium album)长势及氮、磷计量特征.结果表明,消落区土壤中生长的植物氮含量为7.98~19.4 mg/g,磷含量为0.740~3.880 mg/g,氮磷比为3.48~13.70,判别植物生长受氮限制.外源氮磷的添加促进植物氮、磷含量明显升高,但氮磷比没有明显变化;外源氮磷添加解除植物受氮的限制作用.4种植物对消落区土壤低氮环境具有一定的适应能力.比较消落区土壤中4种植物长势,鬼针草生物量、相对生长率、根茎生物量比最高,氮磷养分丰富对鬼针草生长促进作用最明显,表明鬼针草更易于在氮、磷贫乏的三峡库区消落区形成优势群落.  相似文献   

6.
王君波  朱立平 《湖泊科学》2008,20(6):715-722
从沉积物磷的化学形态特征、沉积物-水界面的环境条件和水库的水文参数等角度探讨了山仔水库沉积物磷对上覆水体的磷浓度贡献,并从沉积物间隙水与水体垂向溶解性磷的浓度梯度估算对水体磷浓度的贡献大小.结果表明:山仔水库沉积物具有大的释放磷的潜力,沉积物间隙水和水体之间存在着明显的溶解性磷的浓度梯度,沉积物的溶解性磷释放通量在0.0420—0.167μg/(cm^2·d))之间,沉积物磷对水体营养贡献大小在0.7%-6%之间,其中秋冬季节沉积物磷对水体的贡献大于春夏季节,当外源减少时,沉积物磷负荷在一定时间内将成为水库营养状态的重要贡献因子。  相似文献   

7.
不同密度藻屑堆积下沉积物碳氮磷释放特征   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
蓝藻碎屑分解引起氮磷释放已受到广泛关注,但堆积的藻屑与沉积物交互作用引发污染物释放的效应知之甚少.采集于桥水库沉积物柱状样,设置5个藻屑添加组和对照组(无藻屑添加),恒温培养(27±1℃),模拟夏季温度条件下不同密度藻屑堆积下沉积物中碳氮磷释放特征.结果表明:藻屑堆积后加强了上覆水中溶解氧与硝态氮的消耗,5个藻屑添加组18小时后上覆水均处于厌氧状态.各实验组上覆水中的溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度在第3小时增加,且SUVA254值处于0.54~1.74 L/(mg·m)之间,说明DOC可能来源于藻源性释放.各藻屑添加组培养过程中上覆水的溶解性有机氮(DON)、铵态氮和正磷酸盐浓度持续增加,最高平均释放速率分别达4.44、0.20和0.03 mg/(L·h),分别为对照组的21.73、1.76和67.58倍;其中DON为溶解性总氮主要存在形态,在实验结束时DOC/DON比值降低,说明藻屑或者沉积物有机质短期内并未完全矿化,且DOC优先DON被微生物利用.因此蓝藻碎屑堆积增强了沉积物需氧量,加快沉积物与水之间的氮磷营养盐、DOC循环,从而对沉积物中污染物地球化学循环过程造成进一步的影响.  相似文献   

8.
太湖草源性"湖泛"水域沉积物营养盐释放估算   总被引:22,自引:12,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
于太湖草源性"湖泛"暴发期,采集柱状沉积物并应用peeper被动采样装置获得"湖泛"区原位沉积物间隙水.泥水样品分析表明:"湖泛"发生水域表层(0~7 cm)沉积物的含水率、孔隙度和有机质含量均明显高于对照区,其中有机质含量更是对照区样品的4倍左右,沉水植物残体促使表层沉积物物化性质改变的作用明显;"湖泛"发生水域表层沉积物间隙水中铵态氮(NH+4-N)、溶解性反应磷(SRP)及Fe2+含量远高于未发生区,植物残体降解对沉积物厌氧环境的营造显著.运用分子扩散模型对沉积物释放通量估算:"湖泛"发生区沉积物NH+4-N、SRP和Fe2+的释放速率分别是对照区的49.8、15.3和123.1倍.研究认为,草源性"湖泛"水体氮、磷等营养物含量升高的主要原因是沉积物的释放,而"湖泛"所营造的厌氧环境是氮、磷释放急剧增加的主要驱动因素.  相似文献   

9.
白洋淀是雄安新区的核心生态功能区.为探究白洋淀不同植物群落区表层沉积物碳(C)氮(N)磷(P)化学计量特征,采集了96组表层沉积物样品开展对比分析.研究表明:白洋淀湿地表层沉积物总有机碳(TOC)含量均值为39.64 g/kg,范围为14.4~ 136.82 g/kg,总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)均值分别为2.62和0.75 g/kg,范围分别为0.72~ 10.57和0.46~1.38 g/kg;不同植物群落区表层沉积物C、N、P化学计量特征存在显著差异,挺水植物分布区表层沉积物TOC和TN含量高于其他区,水田区沉积物TP含量最高;表层沉积物C∶N∶P比例平均值为141∶8∶1,C∶N比值相对稳定,C∶P和N∶P比值空间分异性较大;不同水生植物群落区沉积物C、N、P化学计量特征存在差异,挺水植物区沉积物C∶P和N∶P比值显著高于其他各分区,沉水植物区表层沉积物C∶N最大,挺水植物区和沉水植物区C∶N∶P比例平均值分别为222∶13∶1和129∶6.5∶1;白洋淀表层沉积物C、N、P化学计量特征受植物群落生物量、磷氮磷化学计量特征、枯落物分解速率以及人类活动等多个因素影响;与我国东部主要湖泊相比,白洋淀表层沉积物C、N、P含量均处于较高水平,建议在水生植物生长末期收割打捞运出淀外,减少淀内N、P营养盐累积,减缓白洋淀富营养化和沼泽化进程.  相似文献   

10.
滇池入湖河流磷负荷时空变化及形态组成贡献   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
研究了2013年滇池主要入湖河流总磷(TP)及各形态磷浓度的时空变化与入湖负荷特征,并探讨了不同形态磷的入湖负荷贡献.结果表明:(1)滇池河流入湖TP浓度在0.11~1.93 mg/L之间,以溶解性无机磷(DIP)和颗粒态磷(PP)为主,溶解性有机磷(DOP)浓度较低;(2)滇池河流入湖磷负荷总量为280.51 t/a,绝大多数河流主要以DIP形态入湖,平均贡献率为43.48%;PP形态入湖负荷次之,平均贡献率为31.64%;DOP入湖负荷较低,平均贡献率为24.88%;(3)DIP入湖负荷贡献率较高值出现在3、4和11月的枯水期,平均入湖负荷贡献率达到55.30%;PP入湖负荷贡献率较高值出现在1和7月,平均入湖负荷贡献率为56.14%;DOP入湖负荷贡献率月变化差异较小,最高值出现在12月,贡献率为21.85%;(4)研究滇池入湖河流污染负荷不仅要考虑溶解态无机磷的贡献,而且需要重视PP和DOP负荷,控制滇池入湖河流污染负荷需要考虑不同河流不同形态磷负荷组成及月变化差异特征,有针对性地采取相应措施.  相似文献   

11.
蓝藻碎屑分解速率及氮磷释放形态的实验分析   总被引:19,自引:8,他引:11  
李柯  关保华  刘正文 《湖泊科学》2011,23(6):919-925
在试验条件下研究了水华蓝藻堆积使叶绿素浓度达到1600μg/L时,水体所含蓝藻形成的碎眉在水中的分解速率及其营养盐释放情况.结果表明:蓝藻碎屑的总氮含量为88.56±4.10mg/g,其在水体中有较高的分解速率,2d内即分解掉41.9%的生物量;蓝藻碎屑磷释放速率要高于氮,但其导致的水体中溶解性总氮浓度的升高则较溶解性...  相似文献   

12.
鄱阳湖沉积物和水界面磷的交换通量   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
采用扩散模型法与实验培养法对鄱阳湖沉积物和水界面间可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的界面交换过程进行研究,并探讨了其影响因素.结果表明,利用2种方法得到鄱阳湖各站点可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐在沉积物与水界面间的交换方向不完全相同,大部分站点沉积物是磷的源,其中,利用扩散模型法估算的可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐平均扩散通量分别为0.052和0.047 mg/(m~2·d),而实验培养法测得可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的平均交换通量则分别为0.25和0.24 mg/(m~2·d),且各站点利用扩散模型法测得磷的交换通量均小于实验培养法的计算结果.此外,上覆水溶解氧浓度及水体温度对可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的交换过程均具有一定的影响,表现为温度越高,溶解氧浓度越小,可溶性总磷和可溶性磷酸盐的交换越强烈.  相似文献   

13.
In the shallow water of Orbetello lagoon, macroalgae harvesting boats produce sediment disturbance. To evaluate the effect of this, during 2001-2002, a trial study was carried out in the lagoon in order to: verify seasonal and diurnal trends in nutrients and estimate the quantity of resuspended organic sediment. An unbalanced and balanced ANOVA (one and two way) analysis was applied. The disturbance did not produce strong and lasting eutrophication effects. In the seasonal survey, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) showed significant decreases in disturbed areas at the end of the trial, while the control area showed a constant, significant increase. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) significantly increased everywhere. In disturbed areas, sediment redox (Eh((NHE))) increased and porosity values decreased, contrary to the control area. Total organic carbon (TOC) remained unchanged in disturbed areas, but increased in the control area, where the C:P ration increased. The fall-out of sedimentary material resuspended by boat action for as far as 50 m from the boat route, was 189 g(dw)m(-2) made up mainly of organic matter. This disturbance could be the cause of change in vegetation in the lagoon.  相似文献   

14.
好氧和厌氧条件对霞浦湖沉积物-水界面氮磷交换的影响   总被引:55,自引:4,他引:55  
在实验室控制条件下,研究了日本霞浦湾和湖心区底泥中形态氮磷,在好氧和厌氧条件下水土界面交换量变化及差异,结果表明;好氧条件下,NO^-3-N,NO^-2-N,NH^+4,-N,和PO^3-4-P均有释放作用产生,量值多数较小,DTN和DTP则净释放作用接近零;厌氧条件下,NO^-3-N和NO^-2-N呈负释放状态,NH^+4-N和PO^3-4-P的释放速率是好氧条件下的2-8倍。  相似文献   

15.
This study presents input–output budgets of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic N (DON) and dissolved inorganic N (DIN) for a reservoir in a peatland catchment in the south Pennines (UK). This site receives high levels of atmospheric inorganic N deposition, in the range of 26 kg N ha?1 yr?1. The results show that the reservoir retains ~21 to 31% of the annual TDN input (8806 ± 741 kg N). Approximately 39 to 55% of DON (3782 ± 653 kg N) and 6 to 13% of DIN (5024 ± 349 kg N) were retained/processed. A long water retention time (104 days), average annual pH of 6.5, high concentrations of DIN in the reservoir water and a deep water column suggest that denitrification is potentially a key mechanism of N retention/removal. The results also demonstrate that DON is potentially photodegraded and utilized within the reservoir, particularly during the summer season when 58 to 80% of DON input (682 ± 241 kg N) was retained, and a net export of DIN (~34 kg N) was observed. The findings therefore suggest that DON may play a more crucial role in the biogeochemistry of peat‐dominated acid sensitive upland freshwater systems than previously thought. Reservoirs, impoundments and large lakes in peatland catchments may be important sites in mediating downstream N transport and speciation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
Land use (and land management) change is seen as the primary factor responsible for changes in sediment and nutrient delivery to water bodies. Understanding how sediment and nutrient (or constituent) concentrations vary with land use is critical to understanding the current and future impact of land use change on aquatic ecosystems. Access to appropriate land-use based water quality data is also important for calculating reliable load estimates using water quality models. This study collated published and unpublished runoff, constituent concentration and load data for Australian catchments. Water quality data for total suspended sediments (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were collated from runoff events with a focus on catchment areas that have a single or majority of the contributing area under one land use. Where possible, information on the dissolved forms of nutrients were also collated. For each data point, information was included on the site location, land use type and condition, contributing catchment area, runoff, laboratory analyses, the number of samples collected over the hydrograph and the mean constituent concentration calculation method. A total of ~750 entries were recorded from 514 different geographical sites covering 13 different land uses. We found that the nutrient concentrations collected using "grab" sampling (without a well defined hydrograph) were lower than for sites with gauged auto-samplers although this data set was small and no statistical analysis could be undertaken. There was no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between data collected at plot and catchment scales for the same land use. This is most likely due to differences in land condition over-shadowing the effects of spatial scale. There was, however, a significant difference in the concentration value for constituent samples collected from sites where >90% of the catchment was represented by a single land use, compared to sites with <90% of the upstream area represented by a single land use. This highlights the need for more single land use water quality data, preferably over a range of spatial scales. Overall, the land uses with the highest median TSS concentrations were mining (~50,000mg/l), horticulture (~3000mg/l), dryland cropping (~2000mg/l), cotton (~600mg/l) and grazing on native pastures (~300mg/l). The highest median TN concentrations are from horticulture (~32,000μg/l), cotton (~6500μg/l), bananas (~2700μg/l), grazing on modified pastures (~2200μg/l) and sugar (~1700μg/l). For TP it is forestry (~5800μg/l), horticulture (~1500μg/l), bananas (~1400μg/l), dryland cropping (~900mg/l) and grazing on modified pastures (~400μg/l). For the dissolved nutrient fractions, the sugarcane land use had the highest concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). Urban land use had the highest concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP). This study provides modellers and catchment managers with an increased understanding of the processes involved in estimating constituent concentrations, the data available for use in modelling projects, and the conditions under which they should be applied. Areas requiring more data are also discussed.  相似文献   

17.
Phosphorus (P) concentrations in sediments and in surface and interstitial water from three gravel bars in a large river (Garonne River, southern France) were measured daily, downstream of a wastewater treatment plant for a city of 740 000 inhabitants (Toulouse). Measurements were made of vertical hydraulic gradient (VHG), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and total phosphorus (TP) in water and of three extractable forms of phosphorus (water extractable, NaOH extractable and H2SO4 extractable) in hyporheic sediments from the gravel bars. Dissolved phosphorus was the major contributor to TP (74–79%) in both interstitial and surface waters on all sampling dates, and in most cases surface water P concentrations were significantly higher than interstitial concentrations. Hyporheic sediment TP concentrations ranged between 269 and 465 µg g?1 and were highest in fine sediment fractions. Acid‐extractable P, a non‐bioavailable form, represented at least 95% of sediment TP. A positive relationship was observed between VHG and TP in two of the gravel bars, with wells that were strongly downwelling having lower TP concentrations. These results suggest that in downwelling zones, hyporheic sediments can trap surface‐derived dissolved P, and that much of this P becomes stored in refractory particulate forms. Bioavailable P is mainly present in dissolved form and only occupies a small fraction of total P, with particulate P comprising the majority of total P. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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