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滇池水体中微囊藻毒素含量变化与环境因子的相关性研究 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23
本文对2003年4-12月滇池马村湾、海东湾微囊藻毒素和总磷、总氮、溶解氧、透明度、光照强度、叶绿素a、pH值、水温及微囊藻种群优势度进行了分析,讨论了以上指标在滇池马村湾和海东湾的分布和月变化情况以及与微囊藻毒素含量之间的关系．相关性分析表明马村湾、海东湾微囊藻毒素在水体中分布与总氮和氮磷比之间呈现非常显著的负相关性(P<0．01);与透明度、光照强度和微囊藻种群优势度存在显著的正相关性(P<0．05)．在影响微囊藻毒素的各因素中,运用多因素逐步回归分析得知马村湾、海东湾微囊藻毒素浓度主要南水体的总氮、总磷、叶绿素a和溶解氧以及透明度决定(R2=0．560,P<0．017)． 相似文献
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我国淡水水体蓝藻水华的频繁发生已成为我国目前和今后长时期内面临的重大水环境问题.微囊藻(Microcystis)因其产生对人类健康具有危害的微囊藻毒素而尤其受到重视.研究者对构成蓝藻水华的主要种类、微囊藻毒素的毒性、毒理等方面的认识逐渐明晰,但对微囊藻毒素生物学功能的了解还相对较少.本文对微囊藻毒素的产生,尤其是近年来随着技术的发展在微囊藻毒素生物学功能方面的研究开展讨论:总结了微囊藻毒素可能作为化感物质、参与光合作用、在微囊藻的越冬或复苏中可能发挥的作用以及可能参与微囊藻群体形成及维持等4个方面的生物学功能;分析了微囊藻毒素作为信号分子的研究现状;探讨了全球气候变化及实验室模拟条件下微囊藻毒素产毒与无毒株的竞争,并对微囊藻毒素未来的研究热点及组学技术可能在其研究中的应用进行了展望. 相似文献
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近年来关于浮游动物与微囊藻相互作用的研究逐渐被关注,其中有的研究认为浮游动物能够诱导产毒细胞毒素含量的变化.微囊藻毒素是由微囊藻毒素合成基因编码翻译的,目前关于浮游动物对微囊藻毒素合成基因相对表达的影响并无报道,本文首次通过实时定量逆转录PCR方法研究铜绿微囊藻PCC7806产毒相关基因mcyB和mcyD在大型蚤胁迫下相对表达变化.结果显示微囊藻mcyB、mcyD基因相对表达均有上调,表明铜绿微囊藻PCC7806通过上调产毒基因的转录水平达到对大型蚤的诱导防御,从而为浮游动物与微囊藻相互作用研究提供新的依据. 相似文献
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微囊藻毒素粗提物对水环境中温和气单胞菌活的非可培养状态的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
细菌VBNC状态(Viable but non-culturable state),又称"活的非可培养状态",是自然水体中广泛存在的细菌的一种特殊存活状态,复杂的环境因子变化是VBNC状态转换的可能原因.本研究利用接种温和气单胞菌的无菌湖水,研究铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)培养液和微囊藻毒素粗提液对水环境中温和气单胞菌VBNC状态转换的影响,结果发现,温和气单胞菌在无菌湖水中同时存在VBNC状态和可培养状态;产毒微囊藻培养液和微囊藻毒素粗提液均能促进温和气单胞菌中VBNC细菌与可培养细菌之间的状态转换,说明微囊藻毒素可能是水环境中影响细菌VBNC状态转换的重要环境因素,其进一步的分子机制研究正在进行中. 相似文献
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河蟹养殖池塘微囊藻水华毒性及其光合作用活性特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
苏州市吴中区一河蟹养殖池塘在2013年7月和8月发生了严重的微囊藻水华.采用单一和双重PCR扩增微囊藻毒素合成酶基因,用以检测微囊藻水华是否产毒,结果显示为阳性.同时,采用高效液相色谱测定微囊藻水华的毒性大小.结果表明:7月和8月微囊藻水华的胞内微囊藻毒素浓度分别为1.49和0.88μg/L,胞外微囊藻毒素的浓度分别为0.75和1.09μg/L.另外,采用浮游植物荧光仪Phyto-PAM测定河蟹养殖水体形成水华的微囊藻的光合作用活性.结果显示:7月和8月水华微囊藻的最大光量子产量Fv/Fm分别为0.48和0.44,实际光量子产量ΦPSII分别为0.38和0.32,表明形成水华的微囊藻有较高的生长潜力.非光化学荧光淬灭值NPQ分别为0.28和0.36.从快速光响应曲线RLC的特征参数来看,7月水华微囊藻的光合作用活性和光能利用效率高于8月.本研究结果表明,河蟹养殖池塘水体受到微囊藻水华和微囊藻毒素的污染,进而可能对河蟹食品安全构成潜在威胁. 相似文献
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2013年洱海水华期间微囊藻毒素和浮游植物动态变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2013年秋季,洱海再次出现大规模水华,周边几十万居民的饮用水安全引起当地政府的极大关注.为了解水华发生期间洱海水体微囊藻毒素的含量和浮游植物的种类及丰度,分别在2013年9月和10月两次在洱海采集水样,测定其中两种主要微囊藻毒素MC-LR和MC-RR含量,探讨微囊藻毒素含量对洱海周边水源地的安全影响.同时也对水华期间的浮游植物特别是蓝藻进行研究,从而分析微囊藻毒素与浮游植物种类和丰度的关系.结果表明,洱海水体中微囊藻毒素含量偏低,暂不会对人类健康产生威胁,但在洱海的水鸟体内仍然检测到微囊藻毒素的富集,显示洱海蓝藻水华对水生生物的潜在危害不容忽视.浮游植物的研究发现,洱海水华的优势种属为微囊藻(Microcystis)和暗丝藻(Psephonema aenigmaticus).9月份暗丝藻更占优势,10月份则是微囊藻更占优势.研究结果显示处于富营养化初期的洱海水体中湖湾微囊藻毒素的含量与浮游植物中产毒蓝藻的种类和丰度密切相关. 相似文献
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有害蓝藻释放微囊藻毒素（MCs），严重威胁饮用水源地用水安全.为了解巢湖MCs污染状况及其异构体组成对水质的影响，于2012年夏季（8月）和秋季（11月），2013年冬季（2月）和春季（5月）进行采样分析，研究了巢湖水体中胞内微囊藻毒素（IMCs）和胞外微囊藻毒素（EMCs）异构体的时空分布及其与环境因子的关系.结果发现，IMCs和EMCs的平均浓度变化范围分别为0.12~6.45 μg/L和0.69~1.92 μg/L.在3种常见的异构体中，MC-RR和MC-LR比例较高，MC-YR最低，MC-RR和MC-LR是巢湖水体中MCs的主要异构体类型.IMCs和EMCs的异构体浓度及其比例呈现不同的时空分布特征.微囊藻生物量、水温、总磷浓度是影响IMCs和EMCs异构体浓度及其组成变化的关键环境因子.本研究表明巢湖富营养化严重的西湖区夏季能合成更多的MC-RR异构体，而秋、冬季节偏向于释放生理毒性更强的MC-LR异构体.了解MCs异构体组成变化及其关键影响因素，有助于预测预警水体MCs污染状况和评估饮用水源地MCs风险. 相似文献
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Plasma and magnetic field data from the Helios 1/2 spacecraft have been used to investigate the structure of magnetic clouds (MCs) in the inner heliosphere. 46 MCs were identified in the Helios data for the period 1974–1981 between 0.3 and 1 AU. 85% of the MCs were associated with fast-forward interplanetary shock waves, supporting the close association between MCs and SMEs (solar mass ejections). Seven MCs were identified as direct consequences of Helios-directed SMEs, and the passage of MCs agreed with that of interplanetary plasma clouds (IPCs) identified as white-light brightness enhancements in the Helios photometer data. The total (plasma and magnetic field) pressure in MCs was higher and the plasma- lower than in the surrounding solar wind. Minimum variance analysis (MVA) showed that MCs can best be described as large-scale quasi-cylindrical magnetic flux tubes. The axes of the flux tubes usually had a small inclination to the ecliptic plane, with their azimuthal direction close to the east-west direction. The large-scale flux tube model for MCs was validated by the analysis of multi-spacecraft observations. MCs were observed over a range of up to 60° in solar longitude in the ecliptic having the same magnetic configuration. The Helios observations further showed that over-expansion is a common feature of MCs. From a combined study of Helios, Voyager and IMP data we found that the radial diameter of MCs increases between 0.3 and 4.2 AU proportional to the distance, R, from the Sun as R0.8 (R in AU). The density decrease inside MCs was found to be proportional to R–2.4, thus being stronger compared to the average solar wind. Four different magnetic configurations, as expected from the flux-tube concept, for MCs have been observed in situ by the Helios probes. MCs with left-and right-handed magnetic helicity occurred with about equal frequencies during 1974–1981, but surprisingly, the majority (74%) of the MCs had a south to north (SN) rotation of the magnetic field vector relative to the ecliptic. In contrast, an investigation of solar wind data obtained near Earths orbit during 1984–1991 showed a preference for NS-clouds. A direct correlation was found between MCs and large quiescent filament disappearances (disparition brusques, DBs). The magnetic configurations of the filaments, as inferred from the orientation of the prominence axis, the polarity of the overlying field lines and the hemispheric helicity pattern observed for filaments, agreed well with the in situ observed magnetic structure of the associated MCs. The results support the model of MCs as large-scale expanding quasi-cylindrical magnetic flux tubes in the solar wind, most likely caused by SMEs associated with eruptions of large quiescent filaments. We suggest that the hemispheric dependence of the magnetic helicity structure observed for solar filaments can explain the preferred orientation of MCs in interplanetary space as well as their solar cycle behavior. However, the white-light features of SMEs and the measured volumes of their interplanetary counterparts suggest that MCs may not simply be just H-prominences, but that SMEs likely convect large-scale coronal loops overlying the prominence axis out of the solar atmosphere. 相似文献
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地球附近第23太阳活动周磁云和非磁云ICME的对比统计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
行星际日冕物质抛射（ICME），作为影响地球空间天气的重要源头之一，根据其磁场结构特点可分为磁云（MC）和非磁云ICME两个子集.本文对第23周的磁云和非磁云ICME结构及其地磁效应进行对比统计研究.第23周ICME事件总数为317个，其中磁云占ICME比例为33.75%，非磁云ICME占66.25%.统计结果表明，非磁云ICME数与太阳黑子数呈现出非常好的正相关性，而磁云与太阳黑子数的这种相关性并不明显.相反，磁云占ICME的比率与太阳黑子数呈现出一定的反相关性.对磁云与非磁云ICME引起的地磁暴的比较研究表明：磁云及其鞘区引发的地磁暴平均水平要高于非磁云ICME及其鞘区.磁云和非磁云ICME的磁场强度、南向磁场强度和传播速度整体上都随地磁暴水平提升而增加.对磁云与非磁云ICME参数的进一步对比分析表明，磁云及其鞘区的平均磁场强度和南向磁场分量平均值都明显要比非磁云ICME的大；而二者的等离子体温度、密度和速度平均值相差并不明显. 相似文献
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杞麓湖作为典型的富营养化高原湖泊,其藻华暴发引发的微囊藻毒素(microcystins, MCs)污染问题会危害水生态安全并造成人体健康风险。为了评估杞麓湖流域MCs的秋冬季节污染现状以及健康风险情况,对湖内和7条主要入湖河流入湖口的表层水进行采样检测,分析MCs主要异构体的时空分布特征,研究MCs与水质和浮游植物等环境因子的关系,并通过人体非致癌健康风险评价MCs的风险等级。结果发现,MCs浓度自秋季到冬季呈下降趋势,秋季湖内胞内MCs(IMCs)占比超过99%,冬季IMCs与胞外MCs(EMCs)浓度接近。MC-RR和MC-LR是主要的MCs异构体类型,其中MC-RR在秋季浓度占比高于MC-LR和MC-YR,而冬季MC-LR最高。MCs与微囊藻密度等生物因子呈极显著正相关关系,与TN、TP和NH3-N营养盐呈显著负相关关系。杞麓湖EMCs污染的风险指数范围为0.004~0.110,处于极低或低风险,冬季风险略高于秋季,因南岸入湖EMCs污染以及湖内IMCs释放带来的风险需要进一步关注。 相似文献
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Observational connection between local high-temperature phenomena within magnetic clouds and the Sun
Magnetic clouds (MCs) frequently show abnormal high-ionization states of heavy ions. The abnormal high-charge distributions are related to the coronal temperature of their source regions. We examined the plasma and magnetic field data of 74 MCs observed by the Advanced Composition Explorer from February 1998 to December 2008. We determined that 14 of the 74 events showed local high-temperature phenomena. We analyzed the correlation between proton temperature and O7/O6 ratio (or high mean Fe charge state 〈Fe〉) within the local high-temperature regions in the 14 MCs. Results show that proton temperature and O7/O6 ratio (or high mean Fe charge state) had good correlations in nine MCs, but had no evident correlation in the other five MCs. The local high-temperature phenomena within the nine MCs have resulted from the Sun. 相似文献
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随着蓝藻水华环境问题的日益严重,微囊藻毒素(MCs)的污染问题也越来越受到重视.一些藻毒素污染严重的湖泊、水库等周边区域的土壤也受到了影响.用含有藻毒素的地表水及地下水进行灌溉、将蓝藻作为有机肥等措施都会将MCs带入土壤.一旦MCs进入到土壤,它将会随着降水从地表迁移到土壤深层.这将会对作物的生长以及土壤生态系统造成影响,而且会对人类身体健康造成威胁.本文介绍了土壤中不同种类的MCs对一些粮食作物和蔬菜作物生长的影响、在作物体内的积累情况,以及对地下水的污染情况,概述了MCs的致毒机理,分析了其对土壤生物造成影响的可能性,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望. 相似文献
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Lucie Bláhová Pavel Babica Eliška Maršálková Blahoslav Maršálek Ludek Bláha 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2007,35(4):348-354
The first outcomes of the national monitoring program on cyanobacteria and their toxins in the Czech Republic are reported. The concentrations of extracellular microcystins (MCs, analyzed by ELISA) in 206 water samples collected from 94 localities have been investigated. Observed MC concentrations were relatively high in comparison with the literature data, although weather conditions during the covered season (year 2004) were less favorable for the cyanobacterial water blooms. Detectable MCs (>0.125 μg/L) were found in 145 waters (70% of all samples) with a median concentration of 0.67 μg/L. The total median, including samples with no detectable MCs, was 0.26 μg/L. The seasonal trend showed an increase from July to September at most localities (maximum concentrations of about 8 μg/L and extremes up to 37 μg/L). However, a peak at the beginning of the season or continuously elevated MC concentrations were also observed at some localities. Positive correlations between increasing concentrations of MCs and the dominancy of Microcystis spp. have been observed. The survey provides the first large-scale study of the occurrence and seasonal variability of extracellular microcystins that are of particular interest for drinking water management. 相似文献
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We address the geoeffectiveness of three interplanetary structures in the interplanetary space: magnetic clouds (MCs), interplanetary shocks (IPSs), and corotating interaction regions (CIRs). The geoeffectiveness is evaluated using the geomagnetic indices Kp, AE, and Dst. We find that MCs are more geoeffective than IPSs, or CIRs. The average values of magnetic indices are significantly enhanced during disturbed periods associated with MCs, IPSs and CIRs, compared to the whole interval. The highest effect is noted for MC disturbed periods.Results obtained for the three data sets are used to derive a theoretical (continuous) probability distribution function (PDF) by fitting the histograms representing the percentage of events against the intervals of magnetic index. PDFs allow estimation of the probability of a given level of geomagnetic activity to be reached after the detection, by in situ solar wind observations, of a given interplanetary structure approaching the Earth. 相似文献
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In this study,three methods were used to analyze 17 large-scale local high-temperature regions with durations exceeding 2 h within magnetic clouds(MCs)observed by advanced composition explorer from 1998 to 2008.Results show that five of these large-scale regions may have been caused by flare heating;seven of the regions may have been caused by nonuniform expansion when MCs propagated in the solar-terrestrial space;four large-scale high temperature regions may likely result from combined non-uniform expansion and flare heating;and only one large-scale local high-temperature region was not related to either flare heating nor non-uniform expansion.No evidence indicated that magnetic reconnection occurred or had occurred within the high-temperature regions.Based on our results,we infer that such local high-temperature phenomena within MCs are caused primarily as a result of flare heating and non-uniform expansion,either separately or jointly,and that magnetic reconnection plays only a minor role in the formation of high-temperature regions. 相似文献
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蓝藻水华暴发期间太湖贡湖湾某水厂水源水及出厂水中微囊藻毒素污染分析及健康风险评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
水体富营养化导致的有害蓝藻水华仍是目前全世界普遍面临的水环境问题,而有害蓝藻水华所引起的饮用水安全问题亦受到人们的广泛关注.为了解太湖水源地水源水及自来水厂出厂饮用水中微囊藻毒素(MCs)的污染现状,于2014年8月期间对贡湖湾某水厂水源水及出厂水中浮游植物胞内及胞外MCs浓度进行了调查,并同时检测了相关的理化指标.结果表明,水源水中胞内MCs总浓度平均值为7165.5 ng/L,以MC-LR和MC-RR为主,平均浓度分别为3408.7和3398.8 ng/L,其中MC-RR占总MCs比例的平均值为56.1%;而胞外溶解性MCs浓度相对较低,平均浓度为142.6 ng/L,最高浓度仅为512.8 ng/L.水厂出厂水中胞内MCs的检出浓度(平均值为0.77 ng/L)和检出频率都很低,去除率达99.8%以上;而胞外溶解性MCs的检出浓度(平均值为21.71 ng/L)和检出频率相对较高,但浓度仍远低于国家标准1.0μg/L,其去除率相对较低,仅为62.9%~81.8%.数据分析发现,水源水中胞内与胞外MCs浓度之间呈显著正相关,胞内MCs浓度与总氮(TN)浓度、铵态氮(NH+4-N)浓度、总磷(TP)浓度、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和浊度呈显著相关,而胞外MCs浓度与TN浓度、TP浓度、CODMn、浊度和叶绿素a浓度呈显著正相关;逐步回归结果显示,TP对胞内MCs浓度变化的解释率最高,而胞外MCs浓度变化主要与胞内MCs浓度相关.最终,通过对出厂饮用水中MCs浓度非致癌风险指数的计算发现,出厂饮用水对人类健康的威胁较小,但致癌风险相对较高. 相似文献