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1.
引水等综合整治后杭州西湖氮、磷营养盐时空变化(1985-2013年) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
经引水等综合整治后,西湖外湖、西里湖总磷(TP)浓度累计下降58%和78%,总氮(TN)浓度累计下降16.7%和7.7%,透明度提高100%~200%,富营养状态得到极大缓解.比较1986年治理前,西湖各湖区因来水、引水和排水格局差异较大,TP浓度的年内变化特点及驱动因素也存在较大差异:杨公堤以西的上游湖区因优质水源补充TP浓度总体较低,同时受流域降雨径流面源输入影响,呈现时段性升高;杨公堤和苏堤之间的中游湖区优质水源补充量最大,湖区水体更新最快,TP浓度最低且变化相对最为稳定;苏堤以东的外湖区水体更新相对最慢,在夏、秋高温季节因底泥污染释放,TP浓度出现峰值.因外来引水量大且未经脱氮处理,西湖各湖区TN年内变化基本与钱塘江取水口TN浓度变化一致,同时因流域降雨径流面源输入而出现时段性波动.基于TP质量平衡模型分析,各湖区水质空间差异主要受水体年交换次数影响,其次受单位水体的年污染负荷影响. 相似文献
2.
三峡工程运行前后洞庭湖水质变化分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了解三峡工程运行前后洞庭湖水质变化,基于1996 2013年洞庭湖水质监测数据,采用内梅罗污染指数(IP)法对三峡工程运行前后洞庭湖水质进行评价,并对洞庭湖水质与主要污染物的时空变化特征进行分析.结果表明,1996 2013年洞庭湖IP值在1.10~2.20之间,平均值为1.63,水质属轻污染~污染,总体变化平稳,但从2010年起,洞庭湖IP值连续低于其多年平均值,总体水质趋好;主要污染物为总磷和总氮,总磷浓度变化平稳,总氮浓度则呈显著上升趋势.与三峡工程运行前相比,三峡工程运行后洞庭湖全年和汛期总氮浓度以及南洞庭湖IP值和总氮浓度显著升高,南洞庭湖水质显著恶化.洞庭湖IP值和总磷浓度的水期分布格局均由三峡工程运行前的汛期非汛期变化为三峡工程运行后的非汛期汛期,其空间分布格局均由三峡工程运行前的西洞庭湖东洞庭湖南洞庭湖变化为三峡工程运行后的西洞庭湖南洞庭湖东洞庭湖;从2010年起,洞庭湖IP值的空间分布格局发生新的变化,其大小顺序变化为东洞庭湖南洞庭湖西洞庭湖.三峡工程运行前后洞庭湖IP值与总磷浓度的时空变化与其水沙条件变化有关,总氮浓度的空间分布受三峡工程运行影响较小,主要受湘江、资水等"四水"流域氮污染的影响. 相似文献
3.
洞庭湖区南荻下游产业造纸行业于2019年整体退出,使得大量南荻无法被刈割利用而滞留于湖区腐解.为评估未刈割南荻残体腐解对洞庭湖水环境影响,本研究探究了沉积物湖水模拟体系内不同生物量南荻腐解过程水质变化特征.实验结果表明:在90 d腐解过程中,不同南荻生物量下(0～2 g/L)腐解体系上覆水COD、氨氮(NH3-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)水质指标浓度均呈现"急速上升快速下降缓慢恢复"趋势,其中,COD和TP浓度均在腐解第5天时急速上升至最高值.腐解体系内南荻生物量对水质影响显著,相同腐解时间下,随着南荻投加量增加,上覆水溶解氧(DO)浓度越低,NH3-N、TN、TP、COD水质指标浓度越高.当南荻投加量为2 g/L时,上覆水COD、NH3-N、TN和TP水质指标浓度可分别高达46.00、4.11、6.84和1.14 mg/L,分别是空白组的2.60、1.58、1.42和8.14倍.当腐解时间为90 d时,南荻投加量为0～1 g/L条件下,腐解系统上覆水水质基本恢复至未腐解时水平;当南荻投加量增加至2 g/L,上覆水NH3-N、TN和TP浓度仍分别为未腐解时的0.59、0.35和2倍,DO仅为初始浓度的16.6%.总体上,南荻腐解可造成短期内营养盐及有机组分浓度显著上升,且其腐解对水质的影响程度随着其生物量的增加而显著增强,以上结果可为造纸业退出后洞庭湖南荻管控提供科学依据. 相似文献
4.
鄱阳湖外围湖泊水体营养波动周年特征的比较湖沼学研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
近年来,我国最大淡水湖泊湿地鄱阳湖的水体富营养化趋势明显且日益受到各方关注,而对鄱阳湖湖体外围各类浅水湖泊富营养化情况及其动态却了解颇少.为深入了解鄱阳湖外围不同湖泊的富营养化现状、季节动态及驱动机制,于2014-2015年对毗邻鄱阳湖南岸的南昌市大小不同的3个城市或城郊浅水湖泊(青山湖、瑶湖、军山湖)水质参数和营养状态进行周年观测.结果表明,青山湖、瑶湖和军山湖的高锰酸盐指数范围分别在2.6~4.5、2.1~4.6和1.6~1.9mg/L之间,仅军山湖目前未受到有机物污染影响,3个湖泊两两之间均呈极显著差异.青山湖和瑶湖水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)浓度远高于湖泊富营养化转换的阈值(TN:0.20 mg/L,TP:0.02 mg/L),且TP污染最为严重,仅达到地表水Ⅳ~劣Ⅴ类标准.在3个湖泊中,水体氮主要以可溶性态氮的形态占优势,水体磷形态除了军山湖外,另外2个湖泊主要以颗粒态磷占优势.青山湖、瑶湖和军山湖的叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度范围分别为34.65~184.48、7.66~120.67和2.42~17.41μg/L,各湖泊的Chl.a浓度均在冬季达到最低值,且军山湖与其他2个湖泊的Chl.a浓度均呈极显著性差异,青山湖与瑶湖无显著差异.基于综合营养状态指数法对3个湖泊的营养状态进行评价发现,青山湖富营养化程度最高,已达到轻-中度富营养的稳定富营养状态;其次为瑶湖,营养状态不稳定,在中营养-轻度富营养-中度富营养水平之间巨幅波动;军山湖相对最低,全年整体处于贫营养-中营养状态之间,处于波动上升的趋中营养状态.同时发现3个湖泊的水体富营养化程度的年内波动依赖于不同的水温环境,水温是以上3个亚热带浅水湖泊富营养化程度年内季度波动的重要影响因子之一.Pearson相关分析还发现,3个湖泊的Chl.a浓度均与水柱TN和TP浓度呈显著正相关,其中青山湖和军山湖的水柱Chl.a浓度与总溶解性氮和总溶解性磷浓度均呈极显著正相关关系.整体来说,水柱氮是影响3个湖泊水环境特征的主导因子之一,磷是2个富营养化湖泊的主导影响因子,在富营养化湖泊控制和削减磷营养盐输入的同时,应考虑如何有效降低氮的输入,并着力控制中温季节(水温为15~25℃)的营养输入和快速富营养化风险防控;中营养湖泊(军山湖)应在控制磷的输入和消减水柱氮上进行系统调控,尤其重视高温季节(水温25℃)的防控与预警,这将对鄱阳湖外围浅水湖泊的水环境保护和治理提供重点方向与新型管理思路. 相似文献
5.
东太湖水环境现状及保护对策 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13
根据2002年4月至2003年4月东太湖的水质监测结果,分析了东太湖的水质现状、空间分布特征及变化趋势．其中TN变化范围0．57-3．91mg／L,平均值1．61 mg／L,NH4 -N变化范围0．01-0．42mg／L,平均值0．14mg／L,NO3--N 变化范围0．044-0．549mg／L,平均值0．16mg／L,而TP平均值为0.103mg／L,与以前的调查结果相比,TN、TP和NH4 -N 均明显增加,CODMn有所下降,水质状况总体较差,但不同水域因其影响因子不同,水质亦有明显差别,湖心区水质最好．目前,东太湖水体总体上处于中富营养状态,部分湖区已达到富营养状态．最后根据东太湖水环境的现状,提出一些措施和建议． 相似文献
6.
为评估黄盖湖富营养状况和变化趋势并诊断主要成因，以2015～2021年环境监测站点水质数据和2021年秋季的4次全湖加密监测数据为基础，采用综合营养状态指数（TLI（Σ））评价了黄盖湖富营养化程度及变化趋势，使用污染指数法评价了黄盖湖表层沉积物污染程度，基于沉积物与水体间氮磷的相关关系和入湖河流水质状况，初步推断了黄盖湖富营养化的主要原因。结果表明，2015 2021年黄盖湖TLI（Σ）依次为44.14、45.91、42.39、49.79、49.01、49.62和52.77，呈逐年升高的趋势，由中营养状态转变为轻度富营养状态，夏、秋季富营养化程度高于冬、春季；TLI(SD)、TLI(TN)和TLI(TP)贡献率分别为28%、18%和16%，营养盐浓度增加和透明度降低是黄盖湖水体富营养化的主要驱动因子。沉积物TP和TN平均含量分别为791和2691 mg/kg，为重度污染，有较高的释放风险。表层沉积物与表层水体之间TN相关性较弱，TP相关性较强，但受风速、水深等因素影响较大，湖面风速较高时浅水区域表层沉积物中P更容易释放至上覆水。入湖河流的外源输入以及风浪作用下沉积物再悬浮导致的营养盐浓... 相似文献
7.
三峡水库典型支流上游区和回水区营养状态分析 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
2006年3、5、8月,对三峡水库成库后5条支流的上游区和回水区水质参数及营养因子分布进行了初步研究.研究结果表明,支流高锰酸盐指数范围在1.00-2.50mg/L、COD范围为6.00-26.5mg/L,上游区与回水区有机物含量差异不大,支流目前未受到有机物污染影响.NH_4~+-N范围为0.039-0.367mg/L,各支流含量均为丰水期最大.TN范围在0.58-1.67mg/L,TP范围在0.005-0.133mg/L,支流回水区TN和TP含量均远高于水体发生富营养化的最低限制值,水体存在发生富营养化的风险.大多支流N/P比值处于适宜藻类生长范围.Chl.a浓度范围为0.94-28.9mg/m~3,各支流回水区Chl.a浓度均为5月最大河流回水区Chl.a浓度高于上游区,上游区、回水区Chl.a含量有显著差异.选用修正的Carlson营养状态指数(Trophic State Index)TSI_M法,评价了支流水体营养状态,TSI_M指数范围在36.0-64.2,上游区除龙河、澎溪河5月达到富营养水平外,其余支流均为贫-中营养水平.回水区各支流均达到中-富营养水平.支流回水区营养状态指数均高于上游区,但各支流增加幅度不同.支流回水区水体营养状态明显受三峡水库蓄水水体流速减缓的影响.Chl.a与COD(n=15,P0.01)呈极显著正相关,与其它营养因子无明显相关关系.三峡水库完工后,支流回水区水体流速减缓,富营养化趋势可能加重. 相似文献
8.
根据洞庭湖湖区的1983-2004年的水质监测数据,参照GB3838-2002中Ⅲ类水质标准,运用内梅罗水污染指数法进行水质评价,分析了洞庭湖湖区22年来的水质时空变化.结果表明:洞庭湖湖区水质污染在时间上呈有升有降的波动变化.洞庭湖湖区丰水期和洪水期的水质较差,但是从2002年以后,丰水期的水质逐渐好于平水期.污染空间变化表现为入湖河道的污染程度高于湖体,湖体污染呈西洞庭湖的污染较为严重,南洞庭湖其次,东洞庭湖的水质仍较好的格局. 相似文献
9.
基于多个环境变量、以等权或者加权平均法获得的综合营养状态指数（Carlson指数：TSIc；修正后的Carlson指数：TSImc；综合营养状态指数：TLIc；湖库营养状态指数：EIc）得分是当前评价湖泊营养水平的主要依据，其值计算时先要获得基于单个环境变量的营养状态指数分值。若基于总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）和透明度（SD）等的单个理化指标与基于叶绿素a(Chl.a)的营养状态指数得分间存在显著差异，表明依据理化指标的评估结果低估或者高估湖泊的实际营养水平。长江下游分布大量的小型浅水富营养化湖泊，但基于理化指标的评估结果是否会误判湖泊的实际富营养化水平的研究很少。本研究以长江下游的14个浅水富营养化湖泊为对象，于2019 2020年按照季度采集水样并测定水环境因子，分析基于理化指标和基于Chl.a的各营养状态指数（TSI、TSIm、TLI和EI）得分间的差异。结果表明，基于SD的TSI、TSIm、TLI和EI的年均得分均显著高于基于Chl.a的相应营养状态指数的年均值；除TSI(TP)vs.TSI(Chl.a)外，基于TP与基于Chl.a的其他营养指数的年均得分间均有显著性差异；仅TL... 相似文献
10.
为更好地研究贵州红枫湖的水质变化情况，本文利用贵阳市两湖一库环境保护监测站2009-2018年对红枫湖7个代表性监测点的营养盐、叶绿素a（Chl.a）浓度和水温、气温、透明度、降雨量等水文气象条件逐月监测数据，分析红枫湖10年间水体营养盐和Chl.a浓度以及部分水文气象条件的变化趋势.运用综合营养状态指数（TLI）对红枫湖营养状态进行评价，采用Pearson相关系数法统计分析10年内Chl.a浓度与总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）等水化学组成及水位、气温等水文气象条件的相关性.结果表明，2009-2018年红枫湖水体逐月TN浓度有较大波动（0.56~2.80 mg/L），春、夏季高于秋、冬季；水体逐月TP浓度为0.016~0.103 mg/L，夏季略高于冬季；逐月氨氮（NH3-N）浓度为0.007~0.71 mg/L，春季 > 冬季 > 秋季 > 夏季；水体逐月Chl.a浓度呈季节性波动（0.8~38.9 mg/m3），夏季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 冬季，年内先上升后下降.TP、NH3-N、Chl.a浓度整体呈下降趋势，10年间水质有很大改善.经计算红枫湖在这10年间处于中营养状态至轻度富营养状态，且营养状态指数呈逐年下降趋势，夏季TLI明显高于其他季节.统计分析表明，红枫湖水体Chl.a浓度与高锰酸盐指数、NH3-N、TP浓度均呈显著正相关，与氮磷比呈显著负相关，与水温、pH、降雨量、气温、日照时数呈显著正相关，与透明度、气压呈显著负相关，与水位、湿度、风速无显著相关关系.表明这10年来红枫湖水体Chl.a浓度不仅受营养盐浓度控制，很大程度上还受控于气象和水文条件. 相似文献
11.
ABSTRACT Reliable seasonal forecasting of water resources variability may be of great value for agriculture and energy management in Ethiopia. This work aims to develop statistical forecasting of seasonal total water storage (TWS) anomalies in Ethiopia using sea-surface temperature and sea-level pressure indices. Because of the spatial and temporal variability of TWS over the country, Ethiopia is divided into four regions each having similar TWS dynamics. Periods of long-term water deficit observed in GRACE TWS products for the region are found to coincide with periods of meteorological drought. Multiple linear regression is employed to generate seasonal forecasting models for each region. We find that the skill of the resulting models varies from region to region, with R 2 from 0.33 to 0.73 and correlation from 0.27 to 0.77 between predicted and observed values (using leave-one-out cross-validation). The skill of the models is better than the climatology in all regions. 相似文献
12.
Using the precision of the mean to estimate suitable sample sizes for monitoring total phosphorus in Australian catchments 
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下载免费PDF全文 The effect of the sample size on prediction quality is well understood. Recently, studies have assessed this relationship using near‐continuous water quality samples. However, this is rarely possible because of financial constraints, and therefore, many studies have relied on simulation‐based methods utilizing more affordable surrogates. A limitation of simulation‐based methods is the requirement of a good relationship, which is often not present. Therefore, catchment managers require a direct method to estimate the effect of sample size on the mean using historical water quality data. One measure of prediction quality is the precision with which a mean is estimated; this is the focus of this work. By characterizing the effect of sample size on the precision of the mean, it is possible for catchment managers to adjust the sample size in relation to both the cost and the precision. Historical data are often sparse and generally collected using several different sampling schemes, all without inclusion probabilities. This means that an approach is needed to obtain unbiased estimates of the variance of the mean using a model‐based approach. With the use of total phosphorus data from 17 sub‐catchments in southeastern Australia, the ability of a model‐based approach to estimate the effect of sample size on the precision of event and base‐flow mean concentrations. The results showed that for estimating annual base‐flow mean concentration, little gain in precision was achieved above 12 observations per year. Sample sizes greater than 12 samples per event improved event‐based estimates; however, the inclusion of more than 12 samples per event did not greatly reduce the event mean concentration uncertainties. The precision of the base‐flow estimates was most correlated to percentage urban cover, whereas the precision of the event mean estimates was most correlated with catchment size. The method proposed in this work could be readily applied to other water quality variables and other monitoring sites. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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福建某河流甲藻水华与污染指标的关系 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
2009年1-2月份,在福建某河流发现大面积水华,河水呈深褐色经对气温、水温、pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总氮、总磷以及藻细胞密度、叶绿素a等因子的监测,发现水中有甲藻、隐藻、硅藻、绿藻、蓝藻、裸藻和其它常见种,其中优势种为佩氏拟多甲藻(Peridiniopsis penardii),细胞密度为0.1×10~5-333×10~5cells/L.水体营养盐丰富,总氮浓度为2.50-8.65mg/L、总磷浓度为0.09-1.15mg/L.另外,pH值、溶解氧异常升高,水华反反复复持续一个多月时间.经相关分析,拟多甲藻细胞密度与气温、pH值和总氮相关系数分别为-0.323(P=0.027)、0.327(P=0.025)和0.316(P=0.030),显著相关,偏相关分析表明,拟多甲藻细胞密度与水温相关系数为-0.4894(P=0.008),非常显著负相关.结果显示,pH值和溶解氧升高是甲藻水华产生的表征现象,总氮可能是本次甲藻水华生长的限制因子,而气温和水温的变化既是甲藻水华产生的重要原因,但超过甲藻适宜的生长温度对其也起到一定的抑制作用.由于调查区干旱、少雨、梯级电站过密等因素所导致的水流速过缓,加上足够的营养盐和合适的温度,促使本次拟多甲藻水华的发生. 相似文献
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典型富营养化城市河流——浙江温瑞塘河的浮游植物群落类型与季节变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为评估温瑞塘河水环境状况及水华风险,于2015年每月15日7:00-18:00对其下游滞流河段进行高频监测分析,考察了水体叶绿素a浓度、浮游植物群落类型和光合活性等的季节变化及日变化情况,并分析了其与温度、营养盐等环境因子的关系.结果表明:温瑞塘河表层水体中的叶绿素a浓度表现为春季(3-5月)夏季(6-8月)秋季(9-11月)冬季(12-2月),分别为39.98、37.62、21.59和10.74μg/L;4个季节的平均水温则是夏季秋季春季冬季,分别为30.91、25.34、20.72和13.80℃.全年总氮浓度为5.33±0.81~9.40±1.25 mg/L,总磷浓度为0.32±0.18~0.95±0.25mg/L,营养程度属于超富营养.温瑞塘河的浮游植物群落类型为硅藻-绿藻型,全年以绿藻和硅藻种群为主,蓝藻种群只在春末夏初出现,并且所占比例很小.绿藻种群在夏季占绝对优势,而硅藻种群在冬季占优势.绿藻种群的相对丰度与水温呈正相关,而硅藻种群的相对丰度与水温呈负相关.水体的叶绿素a浓度与水温呈正相关,而与总氮、总磷浓度没有相关性.叶绿素a在不同季节呈现出不同的日变化模式,而浮游植物的有效光合量子产率在四季均呈现类似的日变化模式:都是先降后升,与晴天时的日照强度变化趋势相反.绿藻的有效光合量子产率高于硅藻,且除春季外皆存在显著差异.以上结果表明温瑞塘河具备发生各类水华的营养条件,但是由于蓝藻在全年所占的比例都很低,因此发生蓝藻水华的可能性很小;同时由于日照变化会对表层水体中叶绿素a浓度及浮游植物生理活动产生影响,因此在对小型湖泊或者水流滞缓的河道进行浮游植物群落结构调查时还应考虑时间和天气因素. 相似文献
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Dr Juana Paul Moiwo Prof Yonghui Yang Shumin Han Wenxi Lu Nana Yan Bingfang Wu 《水文研究》2011,25(14):2275-2287
Soil moisture is a consideration for soil conservation, agricultural production and climate modelling. This article presents a simple method for estimating soil moisture storage under water stress and storage depletion conditions. The method is driven by the common agro‐hydrologic variables of precipitation (PPT), irrigation (IRR) and evapotranspiration (ET). The proposed method is successfully tested for the 152 000 km2 floodplain region of Hai River Basin using 48 consecutive months (2003–2006) of data. Soil moisture data from global land data assimilation system/Noah land surface model are validated with ground‐truth data from 102 soil moisture monitoring sites. The validated soil moisture is used in combination with in situ groundwater data to quantify total water storage change (TWSC) in the region. The estimated storage change is in turn compared with gravity recovery and climate experiment‐derived TWSC for the study area. The soil moisture and TWSC terms show favourable agreements, with discrepancies of < 10% on the average. While there is no consistent seasonal trend in soil moisture, TWSC shows a strong seasonality. It is low in spring and high in summer. This trend corresponds with the IRR–PPT season in the study area. Change in groundwater and total water storage indicates storage depletion in the basin. Storage depletion in the region is driven mainly by groundwater IRR and ET loss. Despite the low PPT and high ET, there is narrowing seasonal trend in soil moisture. This is achieved at the expense of groundwater storage. IRR pumping has induced extensive groundwater depletion in the basin. It is therefore vital to develop cultivation strategies that aim at limiting IRR pumping and ET loss. Water management practices that not only reduce waste but also ensure high productivity and ecological sustainability could also mitigate storage depletion in the region. These measures could reduce further not only the seasonal trend in soil moisture but also that in groundwater storage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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磷是湖泊生态系统物质和能量循环的重要组成部分,是湖泊富营养化防治的重要控制性指标.为分析太湖富营养化与人类活动的关系,掌握总磷（TP）的时空变化规律及驱动因子,本文收集整理了1980—2020年太湖TP浓度数据并分析了TP的时序、时空和年内变化特征.结果表明,1980s经济社会快速发展之初,伴随着工业和三产用水量激增,废污水排放量和入湖负荷大增,1985—1995年太湖TP浓度急剧升高.随着治理与保护措施的实施,到1995年达到峰值后逐步走低,2009年后进入了窄幅波动期.从空间上看,不同时段TP浓度分布格局较好地反映了入湖污染物的输入分布.通过分时段对比分析可能影响太湖TP浓度变化的驱动因子,分别讨论了经济社会发展、用水量、废污水排放量,入湖水量、入湖河流TP浓度、入湖TP负荷,蓝藻水华、水温,高等水生植物,底泥释放,太湖换水周期变化等.结果表明,近10年来入湖TP负荷增加,蓝藻水华强度加大,水温升高,高等水生植物面积减少,这些因素会导致太湖TP浓度上升.2008—2019年净入湖TP负荷比1998—2007年增加了33.9%,而近10年太湖换水周期缩短了17.7%,在一定程度上抵消了影响太湖TP浓度升高的驱动因子的不利影响,太湖TP浓度不升反降.为此建议在新一轮太湖治理中积极开展控源截污、节水减排、水资源调控、高等水生植被恢复、重点污染湖区清淤疏浚等针对性措施以期获得更好的太湖TP浓度控制效果. 相似文献
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A back‐propagation algorithm neural network (BPNN) was developed to synchronously simulate concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in response to agricultural non‐point source pollution (AGNPS) for any month and location in the Changle River, southeast China. Monthly river flow, water temperature, flow travel time, rainfall and upstream TN, TP and DO concentrations were selected as initial inputs of the BPNN through coupling correlation analysis and quadratic polynomial stepwise regression analysis for the outputs, i.e. downstream TN, TP and DO concentrations. The input variables and number of hidden nodes of the BPNN were then optimized using a combination of growing and pruning methods. The final structure of the BPNN was determined from simulated data based on experimental data for both the training and validation phases. The predicted values obtained using a BPNN consisting of the seven initial input variables (described above), one hidden layer with four nodes and three output variables matched well with observed values. The model indicated that decreasing upstream input concentrations during the dry season and control of NPS along the reach during average and flood seasons may be an effective way to improve Changle River water quality. If the necessary water quality and hydrology data are available, the methodology developed here can easily be applied to other case studies. The BPNN model is an easy‐to‐use modelling tool for managers to obtain rapid preliminary identification of spatiotemporal water quality variations in response to natural and artificial modifications of an agricultural drainage river. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Based on the research into the physical-chemical properties and distribution of sediments and the characteristics of pore water in sediments of Miyun reservoir, the release flux of the total phosphorus (TP) from sediments is estimated by simulating deposit environment of reservoir bottom in laboratory. They are 0.018 mg·cm-2·d-1 and 0.821 mg·cm-2·d-1 at 2℃ and 8℃ respectively. The gross TP released in a year is 11.34t. As a contrast, the pore water diffusion simulation method is used to measure gross TP released and gains 11.56t. The two results are relatively close and prove that experiment simulation has some reliability. On the basis of experiments, some conclusions can be drawn: (1) Endogenous phosphorus from sediments accounts for 27.9 percent of the TP entering the reservoir, and it cannot be ignored; and (2) increasing temperature is helpful to TP releasing from sediments. 相似文献
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Paige A. Hovenga Peter Ruggiero Evan B. Goldstein Sally D. Hacker Laura J. Moore 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(14):2824-2840
Coastal dunes are dynamic features that are continuously evolving due to constructive (e.g., wind- and wave-driven sediment transport) and destructive (e.g., elevated total water levels during storm events) processes. However, the relative importance of these processes in determining dune evolution is often poorly understood. In this study, ten lidar datasets from 1997 to 2016 are used to determine the relative role of erosion and accretion processes driving foredune change on the coast of Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina, USA. Beach and dune morphometrics reveal that dune toe locations have generally retreated since 1997, while dune crest heights accreted by 0.01–0.02 m/year. We develop three univariate metrics that represent (1) the potential for erosion, i.e., total water level impact hours per year, (2) accretion, i.e., dune building hours per year, and (3) the relative net effect of foredune accretion and erosion processes, i.e., constructive–destructive dune forcing (CDDF) ratio, and test the correlative power of these metrics in explaining changes in foredune morphology. The total water level impact hours per year metric explained as much as 66% and 67% of the variance in dune crest and toe elevations, respectively, across the nearly two decades of dune evolution. The greatest number of dune building hours per year and largest dunes within the study site co-occurred at locations exposed to the dominant cross-shore wind direction as a result of varying shoreline orientation. The CDDF ratio was positively correlated to changes in the dune toe elevation in approximately 70% of dunes within the study site, outperforming the impact and dune building hours per year metrics. Our results show that these three metrics can provide first-order estimates of dune morphometric change across multiple spatial and temporal scales, which may be particularly useful at sites where lidar acquisition is intermittent. 相似文献