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《地球物理学进展》2017,(5)
苏里格致密砂岩气藏岩性致密,具有非均质性强、微观孔隙结构复杂、低阻气层和高低阻水层并存的特点.其测井响应关系复杂,微电极电阻率曲线在低渗透层上无明显幅度差,常规测井技术系列和解释方法已呈现出新的不适性.本文综合分析苏里格致密砂岩气藏不同层位下高分辨率阵列感应测井(HDIL)电阻率曲线的差异,应用累积法建立电阻率曲线总差异参数.另外,在无阵列感应测井条件下,通过有高分辨率阵列感应测井(HDIL)数据的井点建立与常规测井之间的关系,进而可以使得常规测井也具备高分辨率阵列感应测井的优势.并在此基础上,将基于遗传算法GA优化的SVM算法(GASVM)引入到测井解释当中,建立了流体识别的非线性模型,解决了常规测井技术系列和解释方法在致密砂岩储层上无法准确识别流体的问题. 相似文献
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裂缝作为油气的重要运移通道,同时可以显著改善致密储层的孔渗特性,因此预测裂缝的发育对于寻找天然气聚集的地质甜点及致密储层压裂施工改造的工程甜点具有非常关键的指导作用.基于叠前纵波地震资料的方位各向异性特性进行裂缝预测技术,由于受多种因素影响裂缝方位与纵波反射系数的关系异常复杂,因此需要通过岩石物理正演模拟实验以及成像测井资料来确定二者之间关系.在此基础上针对鄂尔多斯盆地X区块的致密砂岩储层,利用裂缝相对密度半定量化研究技术,成功预测了X区块的致密砂岩储层的裂缝发育的密度.通过电阻率成像测井、钻井岩心资料及后续压裂试采情况验证表明:高角度高导裂缝与叠前裂缝预测成果吻合度较高,预测精度能够满足勘探开发生产需求,证明该技术在X区块具有实际的应用价值. 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层测井识别及评价技术综述与展望 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
由于碳酸盐岩裂缝发育机制的复杂性,开展碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层的识别与评价一直是测井分析的热点和难点.本文基于大量文献调研,梳理了碳酸盐岩裂缝的定义、成因和分类,系统归纳了碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层的测井响应特征及评价方法,并进行了实例分析.研究表明,常规测井方法对碳酸盐岩裂缝均有不同程度的揭示,基于不同原理的常规测井方法对碳酸岩盐裂缝的响应程度差异显著,利用常规测井方法对碳酸岩盐储层裂缝识别应遵循综合识别原则;碳酸盐岩裂缝成像测井识别方法中,电阻率成像测井、偶极声波测井和核磁共振测井反映裂缝较为直观,但成本高;基于常规测井资料的灰色关联识别方法、神经网络识别方法、小波多尺度识别方法等非线性数学方法,弥补了常规测井和成像测井识别碳酸盐岩裂缝的不足,并且取得较好的应用效果. 相似文献
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塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层的测井识别与评价方法研究 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：12
塔河油田奥陶系以碳酸盐岩为主，油气的主要储渗空间为裂缝和溶蚀孔洞，具有很强的非均质性．本文利用常规及成像测井资料，对碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层的识别与评价方法进行研究．为了综合各种测井方法识别裂缝，建立了综合裂缝概率模型，计算综合裂缝概率指示裂缝的发育程度．利用地层微电阻率扫描成像测井资料进行裂缝和溶蚀孔洞的定性、定量解释．定量计算的裂缝参数为：裂缝密度、裂缝长度、裂缝平均宽度、平均水动力宽度、裂缝视孔隙度；定量计算的溶蚀孔洞参数有：面孔率、孔洞密度．根据缝洞型储层孔隙空间类型及其中子孔隙度、补偿密度、声波、双侧向电阻率的测井响应物性特征，建立缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层复杂孔隙介质解释模型，用于确定裂缝、溶蚀孔洞孔隙度和评价储层． 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2020,(2)
为判定不同测井系列评价划分储层孔隙结构的能力强弱,进而利用测井资料划分储层孔隙结构类型,筛选储层"甜点"的目的,应用岩芯压汞、物性资料,将鄂尔多斯盆地黄陵油田长6浊积岩储层孔隙结构划分为4种类型.基于此,建立4种孔隙结构样品的岩性、孔隙度与电阻率测井系列响应交汇图,分析不同测井系列识别不同孔隙结构的能力强弱.结果表明,岩性测井系列中,针对Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类孔隙结构储层,其对应自然伽马分布范围及变化幅度差异明显,反映其识别不同类型孔隙结构最为敏感;钍含量、钾含量及光电吸收截面指数对不同孔隙结构分辨力较强,能够识别四种孔隙结构类型;但铀含量测井对不同孔隙结构分辨力整体较差,自然电位测井识别Ⅱ、Ⅲ类孔隙结构能力较弱.孔隙度测井系列中,声波时差、密度、中子测井识别不同孔隙结构能力相当,鉴于经济实用角度评价,可加强声波时差资料的有效挖掘和应用.电阻率测井系列中,鉴于研究区长6储层致密、孔隙结构复杂及储层油水混储等因素影响,双感应和阵列感应测井难以解释不同孔隙结构储层流体性质及含油性判定.经黄陵油田145口井应用检验,自然伽马、钍含量、钾含量及声波时差等敏感测井系列不仅反映浊积岩储层岩性、物性及含油性特征,且有效提高优质储层识别精度和实用效果. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(2)
为厘清裂缝性地层双感应测井响应特征,建立裂缝参数评价方法,本文建立了含基岩、裂缝、井眼、双感应测井仪器的裂缝性地层双感应测井正演模型,以Gianzero几何因子理论为基础,结合阿特拉斯公司1503双感应测井仪器开展了高阻背景下低阻裂缝测井响应数值模拟.首先计算了1503双感应测井仪器几何因子,然后根据该几何因子求解不同裂缝开度、裂缝充填流体电导率、基岩电导率条件下双感应测井响应特征,分析了裂缝开度、裂缝充填流体电导率、基岩电导率对双感应测井响应的影响,归纳了裂缝性地层双感应测井响应规律.采用深感应视电阻率及深、中感应视电阻率比值作为横纵坐标,结合裂缝充填流体电阻率绘制了一套双感应裂缝开度评价图版.通过对图版数据进行拟合,建立了裂缝开度评价模型.在采用岩心、成像资料对评价模型刻度以减小几何因子理论计算非均质裂缝产生的误差后该模型可用于求取裂缝参数.最后将该方法应用于镇泾油田致密砂岩裂缝性储层进行裂缝参数定量评价,评价结果与成像测井评价结果吻合较好. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(2)
为了提高地球物理方法在致密砂岩气藏勘探及评价中的应用效果,本文基于大量国内外文献调研,首先梳理了致密砂岩气的概念及其地质特征,其次分析了地震勘探方法技术在致密砂岩气藏裂缝预测及含气性识别方面的应用,再次总结了评价致密砂岩气储层的测井系列、归纳了致密砂岩气层的测井识别方法及致密砂岩气储层参数定量计算方法,最后进行了实例分析.研究表明,地震方法是致密砂岩气勘探最有效的地球物理方法,不仅能有效地预测裂缝发育部位,还可以识别致密砂岩气藏;地球物理测井评价致密砂岩气藏具有纵向分辨率高、微观特征研究精度高的优点;基于岩石物理分析,将地震资料与测井资料有机结合,实现不同尺度信息融合,借助于非线性数学方法及非平稳信号分析技术可以有效提高致密砂岩气藏勘探评价效果. 相似文献
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基岩油气藏裂缝性储层具有复杂的储集空间和储层非均质性,为了实现对基岩油气藏储层的精细评价,以地层微电阻率扫描成像测井和井周声波成像测井资料为核心,通过岩心资料标定,结合录井、常规测井、试油、地质等实际资料,系统建立了基岩油气藏变质岩储层的成像测井解释模式.根据成像测井模式的识别实现了对基岩油气藏特征的认识、准确的裂缝分析和现今地应力场分析.分析结果表明,研究区基底变质岩地层中基本以基岩内幕油气藏为主;裂缝以中高角度缝、网状裂缝为主,其主要走向与井旁断层走向大致平行,属纵裂缝;裂缝主要发育在东西两侧靠近断层、近源的构造陡坡上;现今最大水平主应力方向主要呈NE-SW和NEE-SWW.成像测井解释结果与地质情况吻合较好. 相似文献
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In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
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Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
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Cu concentrations in surface (river and lake) and subsurface waters are determined. The geographic pattern of Cu distribution in natural water is identified. This pattern is controlled by the difference between its concentrations in drained rocks and soils and the geochemical redox conditions of its migration. Territories with low, medium, and elevated Cu concentrations in natural waters are identified. The concentrations of Cu in natural waters of the region are found to be generally lower than the Clarke values. 相似文献
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Changes in thermal extremes of the climate of Poland in 1951–2010 are examined. Warm extremes have become more frequent, while cold extremes have become less frequent. In the warming climate of Poland, the increase in the number of extremely warm days in a year and the decrease in the number of extremely cold days in a year have been observed. Also the increase of the maximum number of consecutive hot days in a year and the decrease of the maximum number of consecutive very cold and extremely cold days in a year have been observed. However, the trends are not of ubiquitous statistic significance, as the natural variability is strong. 相似文献
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M. MONIRUL QADER MIRZA 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):613-631
Abstract The basin area of the Ganges River in Bangladesh is extremely dependent on a regular water supply from upstream to meet requirements for agriculture, fisheries, navigation, salinity control, and domestic and industrial sectors. In 1975, India commissioned a barrage on the Ganges River at Farakka to divert a significant portion of the dry season flow in order to make the Calcutta Port navigable. Statistical analyses of discharge and water level data have been carried out to determine if significant changes have occurred in the hydrology of the Ganges system in Bangladesh in the post-Farakka period. Siltation of the Gorai River (an offtake of the Ganges River) has also been examined using the stage-discharge relationship and regression analysis. The analyses show that the diversion has caused considerable hydrological changes in the Ganges system in Bangladesh. The water supply in the dry season has been reduced substantially, while siltation of the Gorai River has increased significantly. 相似文献
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Ingvar B. Fridleifsson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,117(1-2):242-252
In an active spreading area like Iceland, where the regional geothermal gradient is in the range 50–150°C/km, it is normally not a problem to find high enough temperature with deep drilling, but the difficulties arise with finding permeable layers at depth within the strata. Various volcanological methods can be applied in the search for aquifers and geothermal reservoir rocks. The flow pattern (as deduced from deuterium studies) indicates that the thermal water flows preferentially along high porosity stratiform horizons and dyke swarms from the recharge areas in the highlands to the hot spring areas in the lowlands. The primary porosity of the volcanic strata is dependent on the chemical composition and the mode of eruption of the volcanic units. Both the reservoir rocks and the flow channels forming the geothermal plumbing system are thought to vary from the Tertiary to the Quaternary provinces due to environmental conditions at the eruptive sites. 相似文献