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1.
地下电性非均匀结构对地电场信号的影响 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19
在数值模拟的基础上探讨了地下电性非均匀性问题对地电场信号的影响程度。这些影响主要包括地下电性非均匀体对天然电磁感应电场的影响和对产生于震源区附近的异常地电场的影响。结果表明, 地下电性不均匀体的电性特征与周围介质的电性特征差别越大, 则其对地电场的影响也会越大; 地下电性不均匀体的空间范围越大, 则其对地电场的影响也越大。在孕震区作为可能的电荷源模型中, 地下电性不均匀体的存在对电荷源所形成的异常地电场信号在地表的表现形式也有很大的影响。在地表所观测到的地电场异常空间分布不均匀性与地下电性不均匀体的空间位置有着密切关系。 相似文献
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近地表广泛分布的小尺度非均匀介质严重影响地震数据和成像质量.本文引入参数化的随机介质来描述近地表非均匀介质;借助功率谱、相关长度、均方根扰动等随机统计特征量研究近地表非均匀介质层对地震波传播、散射及成像的影响;通过成像过程的点弥散函数表述成像分辨率.利用数值方法建立模型的随机统计特征量与成像分辨率特征量之间的关系,以定量或半定量的方式研究二者之间的相关性.数值计算结果表明,近地表非均匀介质层的厚度、速度扰动的幅度以及非均匀体的尺度等都对地震数据质量和成像品质有明显的影响.以全数值方法建立起关于近地表非均匀介质复杂性和地下成像质量之间的关系,有望成为研究近地表非均匀介质对地震数据采集和成像分辨率影响的有效工具. 相似文献
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除介质各向异性之外,地球内部介质的横向非均匀性也是控制面波速度变化的重要因素.本文基于振型耦合和多重散射的地震波传播理论,数值模拟并分析了在具有均匀介质背景的三维异常体——上地幔横向非均匀介质中传播时,地震面波的振幅与偏振等动力学响应参数;其中分别模拟了不同周期入射、不同角度入射和不同尺度非均匀介质模型等多种情形下面波波场,并对横向非均匀性诱导的面波偏振异常进行了分析.结果表明,相对于长周期面波而言,短周期面波的振幅和偏振方向受横向非均匀性的影响更大,特别是偏振方向对地球结构的非均匀性更为敏感;切向分量存在横向非均性引起的Rayleigh与Love面波耦合现象;异常体边界处表现出强的面波波场响应. 相似文献
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2016年5月浚县地震台地电阻率EW向测值出现明显变化,为正确评价该变化,依据浚县地震台地质资料、岩层电性资料和EW向电测深曲线,将该台地下介质电性分布简化为二维电性结构,建立三维有限元模型。通过数值模拟,计算测区内地表铁轨干扰对地电阻率观测的影响形态和幅度。结果表明,由数值模拟所得干扰幅度、形态与实际测值的异常变化较吻合,因此从数值分析的角度确定了铁轨对浚县地震台地电阻率观测的干扰。 相似文献
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《地震工程学报》2017,(Z1)
依据山西省临汾地震台地质资料、岩层电性资料和台站电测深曲线,将该台地下介质电性分布简化为二维电性结构,在此基础上,构建了三维非均匀层状介质有限元模型。三维有限元模型采用水平层状结构,假定浅层三层介质电阻率均匀。依据电测深曲线及水平层状模型,借助地电阻率观测资料获取测区地层电性结构。通过第一层介质电阻率变化模拟了2个测道的浅层介质电阻率变化,分别是测区NS向表层介质电阻率随季节性降雨的变化和EW向浅层介质电阻率随水渠水深的变化。计算结果表明,降雨对地电阻率会造成升高影响,解释了临汾地电年变形态"夏高冬低"的原因;此外,降雨对地电阻率的影响还随深度的增加而增大,同时还与介质均匀性、地质因素等有关。测区附近水渠内水位的加深对电阻率造成的变化很小,认为2010年以来的趋势下降异常跟水渠干扰关系很小。研究结果将会对地电阻率的干扰因素以及可能出现的前兆指示具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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利用三维（3D）全空间积分方程准线性解作为数值模拟手段,对包含电离层、大气层和地球介质层的“地-电离层”典型异常目标体多层介质模型进行了数值模拟,得到了偶极源长度100 km、电流200 A、收发距离远达1600 km的合理的异常电性目标体的电阻率-频率响应结果.通过对不同埋深异常目标体的电阻率-频率特征的讨论,认为当考虑电离层和大气层的“地-电离层”大尺度深层横向不均匀复杂介质模拟时,电磁场对深部目标体仍有很好的异常响应,但当异常体电阻率及同一电阻率的岩石埋深不同时,其电阻率-频率的响应特征有很大不同,这正反映了不同岩石物性参数的电阻率-频率响应特征.文中结果表明从长偶极大功率源（WEM）激励的电磁场观测资料区分岩石的电阻率参数是可能的,这为利用WEM观测资料建立电性参数和岩石/地层参数经验关系奠定了基础. 相似文献
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由于地壳深部物质呈现出多尺度的非均质性,导致了地震剖面上反射能量弱、同相轴连续性差、多成带状分布.传统的反射地震解释方法难以有效应用到深反射地震资料解释中.统计分析的方法为深反射地震资解释提供了新的工具,地下介质这种随机分布的非均质性可以借助随机介质模型来进行描述.深反射地震剖面继承了地下介质的非均质性,因此可以通过从反射地震剖面估算随机介质参数来研究地下介质非均质性的空间分布.由于地震剖面长度有限,随机介质参数估算中自相关函数计算误差较大,导致了估算的不准确.现代功率谱估算克服了短数据自相关函数难以准确求取的问题,提高了参数估算准确性.模型计算和实际数据测算都证明了该方法能有效提高自相关函数计算精度和随机介质参数剖面的分辨率. 相似文献
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本文应用超声地震模型实验方法研究地下生命线工程的地震反应.按一般的场地条件,根据相似原理设计了地下生命线工程非均匀场地,均匀场地实验模型.除进行了解释震波传播的震相分析外.还重点展开了以质点振动为中心的一系列分析工作,结果表明:距离震中越近,地震地面运动的强度变化幅度及变化速率越大,从而对地下管线越不利;在软土覆盖层中,压缩波主要造成管线的径向弯曲变形.剪切波则主要引起管线的轴向伸缩变形或派生纵弯作用;当覆盖层较薄(厚度小于震波波长)时,地震地面运动强度的节律性变化,主要受基岩中震波波长的控制;地表覆盖层岩土性质,对地震地面运动强度有显著影响;不同性质的覆盖层介质对地震地面运动各分量的影响程度不同;波的传播效应使地表在不同时刻处在不同时刻处在不同的质点振动状态下,在横向突变的非均匀覆盖层条件下,不同岩土单元的的接触部位,将存在显著的振动相位差异和强度差异:由于地下管线与周围岩土层变形一致,故上述关于地震地面运动的结果,也即不同条件下地下管线的变形特点.需针对不同情况加强地下管线的抗震措施. 相似文献
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套管非匀质性对于过套管电阻率测井响应会产生显著影响.首次采用数值模式匹配法模拟过套管电阻率测井响应,在此基础上分析了各种套管局部变化对于测井响应的影响.模拟结果表明,套管异常区域及其附近的测井响应出现异常变化,异常变化程度与套管参数局部变化程度呈现正相关性;通过模拟不同类型电极系还发现,双注入电极系对套管非匀质性具有很好的补偿作用.文中首次模拟了井温梯度对过套管电阻率测井响应的影响.计算结果表明,该数值方法能够很好地解决包含套管非匀质性因素的过套管电阻率测井数值模拟问题. 相似文献
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M. Poddar 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1996,147(3):551-566
There is growing interest in the use of transient electromagnetic (TEM) sounding for shallow geotechnical, environmental and groundwater investigations. Two commonly used transmitterreceiver configurations for TEM sounding are 1) loop-loop or its variation, in-loop configuration and 2) wire-loop configuration. The less common configuration of a horizontal electric dipole (HED) transmitter and receiver is treated in this study and called wire-wire configuration.Two important problems of shallow investigation in hard and soft rocks respectively are, defining 1) a fractured/fissured zone of medium resistivity, sandwiched between an overlying surface weathered rock of low resistivity and an underlying fresh compact rock of high resistivity and 2) a body of resistive sand buried in conductive clay. Lateral change in the middle layer resistivity is modeled by including a 3-D body of anomalous resistivity. The effect of perturbing the resistivity of the 3-D inclusion and the host middle layer for the wire-wire configuration is compared with that of the commonly used loop-loop configuration. The wire-wire configuration is found more sensitive to the model perturbations than the loop-loop configuration.1-D inversion of synthetic 1-D data sets for the wire-wire configuration finds resolution and estimation errors to be less than 10 percent for all the model parameters. For 3-D models, 1-D inversion results give a resolution error of 10 percent or less for the depth to, resistivity and thickness of, the 3-D inclusion. The estimate is within 10 percent of the true value for the first parameter but 40 percent for the other two. Resolution as well as estimation of the basement resistivity is always very poor.Using the wire-wire configuration, it is theoretically possible to define a buried resistive layer and any lateral change in its resistivity, subject to the above limitations of 1-D inversion. However, the basement resistivity cannot be estimated with reasonable accuracy in the presence of a lateral inhomogeneity in the overlying layer. 相似文献
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I.R. MUFTI 《Geophysical Prospecting》1980,28(1):146-166
The problem of numerical evaluation of apparent resistivity curves is treated by finite difference modeling. The models proposed are set up in cylindrical coordinates and yield the potential field due to a point source located in a radially symmetric environment. The Schlumberger configuration, widely used for surface measurements, is emphasized. However, the treatment is equally applicable to other similar situations such as the computation of synthetic electric logs when the resistivity of the borehole fluid is different from that of the surrounding uniform or stratified medium. Moreover, the individual layers may not necessarily be isotropic. The medium under investigation is discretized by using a very coarse system of horizontal and vertical grid lines whose distance from the source increases logarithmically; consequently, the physical dimensions of the medium can be made “infinite” without affecting the numerical size of the model. Finer features such as a thin but anomalously resistive or conductive bed which would ordinarily be missed in coarse discretization are accurately taken into account, since the calculations are done in terms of the Dar Zarrouk parameters derived from the exact resistivity distribution of the model. This enables one to compute the potential field by inverting a small sparse matrix. When the medium comprises only a few layers, the efficiency of the finite-difference model is comparable to that of the known analytical methods; for more complicated structures, however, the finite-difference model becomes more efficient. The accuracy of finite-difference results is demonstrated by comparing them with the corresponding analytically obtained data. 相似文献
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大地电磁资料的灵敏度研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文研究了大地电磁资料对地球电性结构模型参数的灵敏度,它在反演解释中具有重要意义.通过研究均匀半空间中视电导率资料的灵敏度函数与计算分析实际观测资料的Fréchet导数和斜率表明,视电导率资料的灵敏度在地表最大,从地表向下呈指数衰减,频率愈高,电导率愈大,衰减也愈快.视电阻率资料和阻抗相位资料对高频、浅层和低阻层具有更高的灵敏度,几何参数的平均灵敏度高于电性参数的平均灵敏度,通常阻抗相位资料比视电阻率资料更灵敏.同时,根据阻抗实部定义的视电阻率与Kunetz定义的时间域大地电磁响应,反映地层电性差异的灵敏度最高. 文章还指出,在实际的反演解释中,如何正确有效地应用阻抗相位资料,提高分辨能力,仍是急待解决的问题. 相似文献
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局部畸变问题曾经困扰大地电磁资料反演解释几十年,大地电磁三维数值模拟技术的发展为剖析局部畸变特点和得到可靠的反演成像结果提供了技术基础。本文采用三维数值模拟成像方法对典型三维局部畸变模型进行模拟分析。三维数值模拟结果显示:电场分量垂直电性分界面的极化模式视电阻率曲线(对应二维情况下TM模式)在穿越低阻异常体界面时,曲线会先上移后下移,而在穿越高阻异常体界面时,曲线会先下移后上移,这与电性分界面处积累面电荷产生的二次电场有关。三维模型中XY模式、YX模式视电阻率和相位在三维异常体附近的水平变化是呈现近似垂向对称的,该现象与电场垂直跨越电性界面时视电阻率的变化规律是吻合的,当测线分别沿X方向和Y方向展布时,三维情况下的XY和YX模式分别对应二维情况下的TM模式。低阻小异常体对区域构造响应的畸变影响比高阻小异常体要严重。低阻小异常体对二维区域响应的两种极化模式视电阻率和相位都有非常明显的畸变影响,相比较而言对TE模式的畸变要大于TM模式,因此我们在做二维反演解释时,可优先考虑拟合TM模式数据。位于小异常体中心上方测点的三维畸变响应虽然与对应真实二维区域响应的差异比较大,但可以等效于某种二维模型响应,这种由局部畸变造成的假二维响应在实际野外数据的解释中是需要注意的。 相似文献
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The purpose of geophysical electrical surveys is to determine the subsurface resistivity distribution by making measurements on the ground surface. From these measurements, the true resistivity of the subsurface can be estimated. The ground resistivity is related to various geological parameters, such as the mineral and fluid content, porosity and degree of water saturation in the rock. Electrical resistivity surveys have been used for many decades in hydrogeological, mining and geotechnical investigations. More recently, they have been used for environmental surveys. To obtain a more accurate subsurface model than is possible with a simple 1-D model, a more complex model must be used. In a 2-D model, the resistivity values are allowed to vary in one horizontal direction (usually referred to as the x direction) but are assumed to be constant in the other horizontal (the y) direction. A more realistic model would be a fully 3-D model where the resistivity values are allowed to change in all three directions. In this research, a simulation of the cone penetration test and 2D imaging resistivity are used as tools to simulate the distribution of hydrocarbons in soil. 相似文献
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Xinling Qin L. B. Pedersen Yulin Zhao Ping Zhang Fuye Qian Wei Qian Zhengnan Li Jingxian Du 《地震学报(英文版)》1992,5(2):355-365
It is shown by the result of digital magnetotelluric soundings in the Tangshan seismic area and its surrounding regions that
the crust under the surface conductive sediments is divided into two layers,i. e., the resistive upper crust and the conductive
lower crust. The upper crust wherein the Tangshan main shock and most of the aftershocks occurred is a convex lens-like body
which is cut by faults at the east, south and west sides. The focus of the mainshock was located at the position of maximum
thickness of the resistive upper crust while the spatial variation of Curie point isothermal surface and the deepest limit
of the depths of aftershocks coincide with the downward depression of the bottom of the resistive upper crust. Thus, the Tangshan
main shock and most of its aftershocks were related closely to the resistive upper crust from the view points of either vertical
layering or lateral variations. And there were only a very few aftershocks in the conductive lower crust. The mechanical property
of the rocks transforms from being brittle in the upper crust into ductile in the lower crust mainly due to the combination
of different factors, e.g., increase of confining pressure, change in minerals, rise in temperature as well as stabilization
of slips by high pore—pressure. A small amount of water and a rise in temperature may lead to a decrease of the electric resistivity
within the rock while a change in the static pressure and mineral content within the rock causes very little change in the
electric resistivity. Thus it is deduced that a resistive upper crust and a more conductive lower crust from the view points
of either vertical or lateral variations are related to the brittle and ductile properties respectively. Hence it is possible
that there is a relationship between the electric structure of the crust and zones of potential seismic hazard.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 354–363, 1991.
The project is supported by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation, and the Swedish International Development
Authority. 相似文献
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Electrokinetic phenomena in a water-porous medium with a fractal structure above percolation threshold are theoretically investigated. Fracture zone with space-variable porosity is considered as a model of an earthquake hypocenter zone in which the electrokinetic current results from fluid filtration in a fractal pore network. A critical exponent of the streaming potential coefficient is found to depend on both the transport critical exponent and correlation length critical exponent. In this model, logarithmic dependence of electric field amplitude E on the earthquake magnitude M is derived which is compatible with the one observed by the VAN group. Without fractal properties, this form of dependence contradicts the empirical data. The electromagnetic field far from the hypocenter is calculated, which leads to the prediction of weak magnetic field variations. To explain the observed amplitude of VAN's Seismic Electric Signals (SES), the electric source must be at a distance of about 10 km from the registration point if the medium is homogeneous. Therefore, some conductive channel(s) are needed to explain the long distance selective SES transmission. 相似文献