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帕米尔构造结是印度板块向欧亚大陆碰撞的两个突出支点之一,是中国大陆受板块动力作用最强烈、强震频发的地区之一,也是揭示青藏高原形成与演化历史的关键地区之一。晚新生代帕米尔构造结北部向北楔入推移了约300km,形成了一陆内深俯冲带和地震带,但对这一变形过程及方式至今未能很好的限定。沿76°E附近横跨帕米尔—天山的最新GPS测量 相似文献
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喜马拉雅东构造结(简称东构造结)周围地区是青藏高原构造应力作用和构造变形最强的地区,也是地球上变化剧烈、构造类型复杂、保存完整的地区.该地区汇集了喜马拉雅、拉萨、羌塘、川滇地块和印度板块及主边界断裂、主中央断裂、雅鲁藏布江断裂、嘉黎断裂、怒江断裂、墨脱断裂、阿帕龙断裂等,可以说东构造结周围地区是检验青藏高原晚新生代构造变形机制不同理论和学说的关键地区之一. 相似文献
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天山的晚新生代构造变形及其地球动力学问题 总被引：73，自引：6，他引：73
天山是大陆内部典型的新生代复活造山带，其新生代构造变形的方式，变形量，速度及过程等对于认识大陆内部造山带的变形机理有着重要的意义。本文在对南北天山主要活动构造地质填图和综合研究的基础上，重点探讨了天山的晚新生代构造变形特征及其动力学问题。早更新世以来，特别是早，中更新世之间，天山的构造活动由内部向南北两侧扩展，使得两侧的新生代凹陷逐渐褶皱成山，形成数排新生代褶皱带，整个天山的现代构造活动是一种扇形 相似文献
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帕米尔高原是五大山脉汇结之中心,被称为"西构造结".在此山高耸谷陡深是人迹罕至的无人区.应用稀少的地面重力和人工地震数据和卫星重力资料,以NNW和NEE向两条长达1620 km的十字交叉剖面,对帕米尔高原地区地壳深部结构与区域地质构造进行了研讨.帕米尔高原中心地区地壳厚度(莫霍界面深度)接近70 km,并在总体上呈向四周逐渐延展减薄(变浅)的总趋势,到帕米尔的周边地区减薄为50余km左右.这里是一个壳幔结构变异的构造强烈活动地域. 相似文献
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渤海海域新生代盆地中的郯庐断裂带构造 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
郯庐断裂带从渤海海域新生代盆地东部边缘穿过,在盆地新生代盖层中主要表现为NNE向的右旋走滑断裂带,切割了控制古近纪盆地形成的NE-NNE向伸展断层.近年来的油气勘探成果表明,郯庐断裂带新生代构造活动对渤海海域的油气藏分布有直接或间接的影响.作为深断裂带的一部分,渤海海域新生代盆地中的郯庐断裂带的主要活动时期为渐新世以后,对渤海海域盆地渐新世以来的构造演化有明显的影响.然而郯庐深断裂带在晚中生代就已经存在,渤海海域古近纪裂陷盆地的形成利用了先存的郯庐断裂带中的构造要素. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地西南前陆构造分段及其成因 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
大量野外调查和地球物理资料构造解释发现, 塔里木盆地西南凹陷周边前陆盆地带具有沿前陆走向构造分段的规律性, 即在西昆仑-帕米尔和西南天山前陆发育了一系列相间分布的由山系向盆地逆冲的弧形推覆构造系统及由塔里木盆地西南凹陷向山系反冲的弧形反冲构造系统, 逆冲与反冲构造间以走滑或斜冲断层相隔; 塔西南凹陷基底的北东向隆起和凹陷与前陆构造分段具成因联系, 发现薄皮弧形推覆构造段对应基底构造上隆区(小于10 km), 塔里木盆地反冲构造段对应基底构造下凹区(大于8 km). 沿造山带走向隆升幅度和速率或变形格局的差异、前陆盆地多个沉降中心及巨厚沉积盖层、盆地基底构造中隆起带和凹陷带及前陆盆地沉积盖层中存在多层膏岩层等软弱层是塔西南盆地前陆构造分段产生的控制因素, 而晚第三纪以来西昆仑-帕米尔与西南天山再造山隆升与塔里木盆地基底构造深浅部不同耦合变形作用是塔里木盆地西南前陆构造分段的主因. 相似文献
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COSEISMIC SURFACE RUPTURES AND SEISMOGENIC MUJI FAULT OF THE 25 NOVEMBER 2016 ARKETAO MW6.6 EARTHQUAKE IN NORTHERN PAMIR 
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下载免费PDF全文 CHEN Jie LI Tao SUN Jian-bao FANG Li-hua YAO Yuan Li Yue-hua WANG Hao-ran FU Bo 《地震地质》2016,38(4):1160-1174
The MW6.6 Arketao earthquake,which occurred at 14:24:30 UTC 25 November 2016 was the largest earthquake to strike the sparsely inhabited Muji Basin of the Kongur extension system in the eastern Pamir since the M 7 1895 Tashkurgan earthquake.The preliminary field work,sentinel-1A radar interferometry,and relocated hypocenters of earthquake sequences show that the earthquake consists of at least two sub-events and ruptured at least 77km long of the active Muji dextral-slip fault,and the rupture from this right-lateral earthquake propagated mostly unilaterally to the east and up-dip.Tectonic surface rupture with dextral slip of up to 20cm was observed on two tens-meter long segments near the CENC epicenter and 32.6km to the east along the Muji Fault,the later was along a previously existing strand of the Holocene Muji fault scarps.Focal mechanisms are consistent with right-lateral motion along a plane striking 107°,dipping 76° to the south,with a rake of 174°.This plane is compatible with the observed tectonic surface rupture.More than 388 aftershocks were detected and located using a double-difference technique.The mainshock is relocated at the Muji Fault with a depth of 9.3km.The relocated hypocenters of the 2016 Arketao earthquake sequence showed a more than 85km long,less than 8km wide,and 5~13km deep,NWW trending streak of seismicity to the south of the Muji Fault.The focal mechanism and mapping of the surface rupture helped to document the south-dipping fault plane of the mainshock.The listric Muji Fault is outlined by the well-resolved south-dipping streak of seismicity.The 2016 Arketao MW6.6 and 2015 Murghob MW7.2 earthquakes highlight the importance role of strike-slip faulting in accommodating both east-west extensional and north-south compressional forces in the Pamir interior,and demonstrate that the present-day stress and deformation patterns in the northern Pamir plateau are dominant by east-west extension in the shallow upper crust. 相似文献
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断裂晚第四纪滑动速率及现今GPS观测揭示了青藏高原向北扩展与高原边缘隆升的运动特征.主要断裂晚第四纪滑动速率及跨断裂GPS应变速率的结果表明，青藏高原北部边缘的断裂以低滑动速率（＜10 mm/a）为主，特别是两条边界断裂：阿尔金断裂和海原—祁连山断裂.两条主要边界断裂上的滑动速率分布显示了断裂间滑动速率转换及调整特征.阿尔金断裂自95°E以西的8～12 mm/a稳定滑动速率，向东逐渐降低到最东端的约1～2 mm/a，而海原断裂自哈拉湖一带开始发育后滑动速率为1～2 mm/a，到祁连一带（101°E以东）增大到相对稳定的4～5 mm/a，直到过海原后转向六盘山一带，滑动速率降低到1～3 mm/a，甚至更低.滑动速率的变化及分布特征显示，阿尔金断裂滑动主要是通过祁连山内部隆起及两侧新生代盆地变形引起的缩短来吸收的，海原—祁连山断裂的低滑动速率及沿断裂运动学特征表明断裂尾端的陇西盆地变形及六盘山的隆起是断裂左旋走滑速率的主要吸收方式.这一变形特征表明，青藏高原北部边缘的变形模式是一种分布式的连续变形，变形发生自高原内部，边界断裂的走滑被高原内部变形所吸收. 相似文献
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DONG Jin-yuan LI Chuan-you ZHENG Wen-jun LI Tao LI Xin-nan ZHANG Pei-zhen REN Guang-xue DONG Shao-peng LIU Jin-rui 《地震地质》2019,41(2):341-362
With the continuous collision of the India and Eurasia plate in Cenozoic, the Qilian Shan began to uplift strongly from 12Ma to 10Ma. Nowadays, Qilian Shan is still uplifting and expanding. In the northern part of Qilian Shan, tectonic activity extends to Hexi Corridor Basin, and has affected Alashan area. In the southern part of Qilian Shan, tectonic activity extends to Qaidam Basin, forming a series of thrust faults in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin and a series of fold deformations in the basin. The southern Zongwulong Shan Fault is located in the northeastern margin of Qaidam Basin, it is the boundary thrust fault between the southern margin of Qilian Shan and Qaidam Basin. GPS studies show that the total crustal shortening rate across the Qilian Shan is 5~8mm/a, which absorbs 20% of the convergence rate of the Indian-Eurasian plate. Concerning how the strain is distributed on individual fault in the Qilian Shan, previous studies mainly focused on the northern margin of the Qilian Shan and the Hexi Corridor Basin, while the study on the southern margin of the Qilian Shan was relatively weak. Therefore, the study of late Quaternary activity of southern Zongwulong Shan Fault in southern margin of Qilian Shan is of great significance to understand the strain distribution pattern in Qilian Shan and the propagation of the fault to the interior of Qaidam Basin. At the same time, because of the strong tectonic activity, the northern margin of Qaidam Basin is also a seismic-prone area. Determining the fault slip rate is also helpful to better understand the movement behaviors of faults and seismic risk assessment.Through remote sensing image interpretation and field geological survey, combined with GPS topographic profiling, cosmogenic nuclides and optically stimulated luminescence dating, we carried out a detailed study at Baijingtu site and Xujixiang site on the southern Zongwulong Shan Fault. The results show that the southern Zongwulong Shan Fault is a Holocene reverse fault, which faulted a series of piedmont alluvial fans and formed a series of fault scarps.The 43ka, 20ka and 11ka ages of the alluvial fan surfaces in this area can be well compared with the ages of terraces and alluvial fan surfaces in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau, and its formation is mainly controlled by climatic factors. Based on the vertical dislocations of the alluvial fans in different periods in Baijingtu and Xujixiang areas, the average vertical slip rate of the southern Zongwulong Shan Fault since late Quaternary is(0.41±0.05)mm/a, and the average horizontal shortening rate is 0.47~0.80mm/a, accounting for about 10% of the crustal shortening in Qilian Shan. These results are helpful to further understand the strain distribution model in Qilian Shan and the tectonic deformation mechanism in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin. The deformation mechanism of the northern Qaidam Basin fault zone, which is composed of the southern Zongwulong Shan Fault, is rather complicated, and it is not a simple piggy-back thrusting style. These faults jointly control the tectonic activity characteristics of the northern Qaidam Basin. 相似文献
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研究帕米尔高原的构造变形特征对于理解印度板块向北推挤过程中的应变分配方式以及应力转换模式具有重要的意义.本文利用区域GPS应变场、地震应变场与震源应力场分析帕米尔高原的构造形变特征.主要结论为:(1)该区域变形主要以NNW-SSE或近N-S向的挤压为主,在高原内部伴有明显的近ENE-WSW或E-W向拉张,应力方向在帕米尔高原与塔吉克盆地区域呈现逆时针旋转的趋势,而在塔里木盆地则显示几乎与帕米尔高原的一致的应力状态,这可能与两侧盆地块体的强度差异有关.(2)安德森断层参数A∅显示帕米尔高原北缘与西侧区域为逆断层应力状态,在高原内部为正断层应力状态,这与GPS应变的结果显示的应变主要集中在主帕米尔断裂与阿莱谷地附近而在高原内部应变较低是一致的,另外应力在喀喇昆仑断裂北段的方向基本平行于断层走向,以及断层北端较低的滑动速率,这说明了地壳挤压缩短可能是帕米尔高原主要的的构造变形特征,并不支持由于边界走滑断裂导致的应变分异或者块体挤出的模式.(3)综合考虑地震应变方向与SHmax从帕米尔北部NNW-SSE方向到天山北部的近N-S方向的转换,GPS应变方向在帕米尔高原两侧盆地都存在不同程度的旋转,应力场安德森参数A∅显示的应力状态以及SKS的结果显示的近ENE-WSW方向,我们认为印度板块向北推挤与天山造山带碰撞导致帕米尔高原不对称的径向逆冲是帕米尔高原现今构造变形的主要成因与构造模式. 相似文献
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黄河断裂是银川盆地内展布最长、切割最深的一条深大断裂，也是银川盆地的东边界。由于其北段呈隐伏状，因此，该段的活动性和滑动速率长期未知，影响了对盆地演化和地震危险性的认识。文中选择具有石油地震勘探基础的陶乐镇为研究场点，以人工浅层地震勘探结果为依据，在黄河断裂北段布设了一排钻孔联合剖面，并对标志层进行年代测试，获得了断裂的活动时代和滑动速率。结果表明，黄河断裂北段在晚更新世末期或全新世有过活动，在（28.16±0.12）ka BP 以来的累积位移为0.96m，晚第四纪以来的平均滑动速率为0.04mm/a，该值明显低于南段灵武断层（0.24mm/a）；尽管向下切割了莫霍面，黄河断裂晚第四纪活动强度和发震能力均要低于切割相对浅的贺兰山东麓断裂；黄河断裂可能在新生代之前已经强烈活动并深切莫霍面，新生代以来，银川盆地的构造活动迁移分解到以贺兰山东麓断裂为主的多条断裂之上，地壳双层伸展模型可解释银川盆地现今深浅部构造活动间的联系。 相似文献
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Mechanisms of Cenozoic deformation in the Bohai Basin, Northeast China: Physical modelling and discussions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Bohai Basin is a petroliferous Cenozoic basin in northeast China (Fig. 1(a)) and has apparent geo- metrical and kinematic similarities with the other Meso-Cenozoic extensional basins located along the eastern margin of the Eurasian Plate[1,2]. Its architec- ture and Cenozoic stratigraphy have been well under- stood from several decades of petroleum exploration. Previous studies have suggested that the Bohai Basinis a typical extensional basin and has two tectonic evolution phases, rift… 相似文献
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PRESENT KINEMATICS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NORTHERN YUMUSHAN ACTIVE FAULT AND ITS RESPONSE TO THE NORTHEASTWARD GROWTH OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 CHEN Gan ZHENG Wen-jun WANG Xu-long ZHANG Pei-zhen XIONG Jian-guo YU Jin-xing LIU Xing-wang BI Hai-yun LIU Jin-rui AI Ming 《地震地质》2017,39(5):871-888
Qilian Shan and Hexi Corridor, located in the north of Tibetan plateau, are the margin of Tibetan plateau's tectonic deformation and pushing. Its internal deformations and activities can greatly conserve the extension process and characteristics of the Plateau. The research of Qilian Shan and Hexi Corridor consequentially plays a significant role in understanding tectonic deformation mechanism of Tibetan plateau. The northern Yumushan Fault, located in the middle of the northern Qilian Shan thrust belt, is a significant component of Qilian Shan thrust belt which divides Yumushan and intramontane basins in Hexi Corridor. Carrying out the research of Yumushan Fault will help explain the kinematics characteristics of the northern Yumushan active fault and its response to the northeastward growth of the Tibetan plateau.Because of limited technology conditions of the time, different research emphases and some other reasons, previous research results differ dramatically. This paper summarizes the last 20 years researches from the perspectives of fault slip rates, paleao-earthquake characteristics and tectonic deformation. Using aerial-photo morphological analysis, field investigation, optical simulated luminescence(OSL)dating of alluvial surfaces and topographic profiles, we calculate the vertical slip rate and strike-slip rate at the typical site in the northern Yumushan Fault, which is(0.55±0.15)mm/a and(0.95±0.11), respectively. On the controversial problems, namely "the Luotuo(Camel)city scarp" and the 180 A.D. Biaoshi earthquake, we use aerial-photo analysis, particular field investigation and typical profile dating. We concluded that "Luotuo city scarp" is the ruin of ancient diversion works rather than the fault scarp of the 180 A.D. Biaoshi earthquake. Combining the topographic profiles of the mountain range with fault characteristics, we believe Yumu Shan is a part of Qilian Shan. The uplift of Yumu Shan is the result of Qilian Shan and Yumu Shan itself pushing northwards. Topographic profile along the crest of the Yumu Shan illustrates the decrease from its center to the tips, which is similar to the vertical slip rates and the height of fault scarp. These show that Yumu Shan is controlled by fault extension and grows laterally and vertically. At present, fault activities are still concentrated near the north foot of Yumu Shan, and the mountain ranges continue to rise since late Cenozoic. 相似文献
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文中以东昆仑断裂带周围分布的27个GPS站点的地壳运动速率矢量为约束,利用半无限弹性空间三维断裂位错模型,反演了东昆仑断裂、柴达木盆地北缘断裂、玛尼-玉树断裂和玛尔盖茶卡断裂带在2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震之前的运动速率,并认为这些断裂带以反演出的运动速率错动所形成的形变场可以作为震前的背景地壳形变场。基于这一具有构造意义的背景速度场资料,计算了区域地壳应变率场和地震矩累积率场。结果表明,昆仑山口西地震前,东昆仑断裂的东西大滩段和玛尼-玉树断裂西段为该区域2个最显著的地震矩累积率高值区,其中东昆仑断裂的东西大滩段高值区为后来的昆仑山口西MS8.1地震的发震段 相似文献
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青藏高原东缘龙门山构造隆升一直存在挤压造山模式和下地壳层流模式之争.下地壳层流模型认为,龙门山隆升与水平缩短关系不大,山前断层只是高原、盆地间差异性垂直运动的结果,高原之下无需挤压模式中的大规模水平滑脱层.本文利用近场密集的同震形变数据,约束汶川地震破裂几何特征及同震滑动分布.反演结果显示汶川地震撕裂龙门山中南段近水平滑脱层, 宽度达到60～80 km,释放能量约占总标量地震矩的12%,在16～21 km深度出现两三个滑动量高达6～7 m的破裂区.深部低角度破裂往上转为高角度逆冲,沿龙门山中央断裂以约55°倾角出露地表.汶川地震破裂的几何产状和滑移幅度表明龙门山冲断带发育大规模的近水平滑脱层,是青藏高原东缘地壳缩短增厚、龙门山挤压隆升的重要证据. 相似文献