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1.
近20多年来黄土高原的黄土磁学性质与古气候研究取得了重要进展, 极大地推动了东亚古季风演化、亚洲内陆干旱化及过去全球变化的研究, 但对亚洲内陆天山地区的黄土磁学性质知之甚少. 选择天山伊犁盆地黄土剖面进行了系统的磁性测量, 包括磁化率、无磁滞磁化率、高低温磁化率和磁滞参数等, 并与黄土高原进行了对比, 开展了伊犁黄土的X射线衍射矿物学分析, 初步探讨了伊犁黄土磁化率增强的机制. 结果表明, 伊犁黄土磁性矿物的总含量要远远低于黄土高原, 但磁性矿物类型与黄土高原黄土基本类似, 以磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿为主, 部分样品还有钛铁矿等. 在磁性矿物中磁赤铁矿占的比例总体上要比黄土高原黄土低, 而磁铁矿和赤铁矿占的比例比黄土高原黄土要高. 磁性矿物的粒度要比黄土高原粗, 以准单畴(PSD)和多畴(MD)为主. 成壤作用产生的细粒超顺磁体对磁化率的贡献非常有限, 粒径为PSD和MD的磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿为伊犁黄土磁化率的主要贡献者. 伊犁黄土磁化率增强既有风速论模式(阿拉斯加或西伯利亚黄土成土模式), 又有黄土高原超细颗粒成壤模式, 但以前一种模式为主导. 伊犁黄土磁化率增强除与源区的原生磁性矿物有关以外, 还与当地的地形气候环境和地质背景有关. 伊犁黄土磁化率增强的机制十分复杂, 将磁化率应用古气候的解释时要慎重. 相似文献
2.
对苏北盆地兴化1#钻孔岩心沉积物进行了质量磁化率、频率磁化率、变化曲线、等温剩磁和磁滞回线等参数的测试分析，结果表明，粘土质沉积物中的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿和赤铁矿；砂质沉积物中的磁性矿物除了磁铁矿和赤铁矿外，还含有少量的磁赤铁矿和针铁矿.针铁矿普遍存在于钻孔下部的样品中.整个钻孔沉积物中的磁性矿物颗粒都是介于单畴和多畴之间的准单畴颗粒，但粘土质沉积物中的磁性矿物颗粒更趋近于单畴颗粒，而砂质沉积物中的磁性矿物颗粒更趋近于多畴.根据不同的磁性矿物组合特征，选择合理的温度和磁场强度区间对古地磁退磁结果进行分析，得到沉积物可靠的特征剩磁方向，为古地磁年代学提供依据. 相似文献
3.
本文对发育在澳大利亚悉尼附近的Long Reef Beach中新世古土壤剖面进行了系统的岩石磁学研究,测量了磁化率、饱和磁化强度、饱和等温剩磁、非磁滞剩磁等常温磁学参数和磁滞回线,并对所有样品进行了热磁分析.实验结果表明:全新世软土层主要磁性矿物为MD颗粒磁铁矿,磁性矿物含量与黄土高原黄土层相当.中新世老成土层随地层深度增加主要磁性矿物由磁铁矿转变为磁赤铁矿,随着磁铁矿向磁赤铁矿的转化,开始出现赤铁矿;磁性矿物粒径分布较广,以PSD颗粒为主,其次为SD颗粒,同时含有少量MD颗粒;磁性矿物含量高于黄土高原强发育古土壤层.中新世红土矿层主要磁性矿物为赤铁矿,同时含有少量磁赤铁矿和针铁矿,属于铁的富集层,赤铁矿以SD颗粒为主,含少量PSD和MD颗粒.Long Reef Beach中新世古土壤形成时期,对应着一种全球性高温多雨气候,地表化学风化作用十分强烈.丰富的降水,导致中新世老成土层发生淋溶作用,磁铁矿在向下淋溶迁移过程中逐渐氧化为磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿,铁氧化物最终在红土矿层淀积,磁赤铁矿经高温压实作用再结晶转化为赤铁矿.磁性矿物转化过程可概括为磁铁矿—磁赤铁矿化的磁铁矿—磁赤铁矿—赤铁矿,其中部分磁赤铁矿具有热稳定性,在空气(氩气)环境中加热到700℃未发生转化. 相似文献
4.
风成黄土是陆地上分布最广泛的沉积物之一,记载了各种古气候演化信息.目前巴基斯坦的黄土研究甚少,磁化率与气候对应的变化机制研究尚未开展.本文对位于巴基斯坦印度河平原Bahawalpur地区新发现的黄土-古土壤剖面进行系统的岩石磁学研究,结合粒度和漫反射光谱(DRS)数据,讨论巴基斯坦黄土的磁化率变化机制.实验结果显示:Bahawalpur(BH)剖面黄土层主要的载磁矿物为磁铁矿,同时含有少量磁赤铁矿和针铁矿,磁性颗粒以原生的MD和PSD颗粒为主.相对于黄土层,古土壤层则是以针铁矿为主,含有顺磁性矿物和少量磁铁矿.BH剖面磁化率与成土作用关系和中国黄土高原典型剖面相反,磁化率的变化可能存在一个阈值12.8×10-8 m3·kg-1,在阈值之上,强磁性矿物(磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿)占主导;阈值之下,以弱磁性矿物(主要是针铁矿)为主,这种磁性矿物的转变可能导致磁化率降低.本文可为今后利用磁化率解读该地区地层蕴含的古气候信息提供新线索. 相似文献
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6.
为了研究中亚黄土中的碳酸盐、有机质和可溶性盐等不同组分对磁化率的影响,本文对伊犁黄土样品分别进行盐酸、醋酸、蒸馏水和双氧水等处理,并与黄土高原黄土样品进行了对比.结果表明,盐酸不但可以溶蚀样品中的碳酸盐而且还可以与磁性矿物中的铁离子反应,分解超顺磁性颗粒(SP)中细颗粒组分,造成磁化率降低.与原样相比,中亚和黄土高原醋酸样品质量磁化率(x(f))和频率磁化率(x(fd))分别增加20.3％、53.4％o和4.8％、13.0％,说明中亚黄土碳酸盐对磁化率影响远大于黄土高原,醋酸对Sp没有影响或者影响很小.双氧水和蒸馏水样品x(f)变化幅度小于4％,说明黄土中有机质和易溶组分对磁化率的影响均非常小.此外,通过对中亚和黄土高原盐酸和醋酸样品的温度磁化率(TDS)曲线对比分析,表明黄土高原黄土退热过程磁性矿物的转化可能主要是SP组分中的细颗粒成分,伊犁黄土中纤铁矿和磁赤铁矿或针铁矿含量较黄土高原低. 相似文献
7.
捷克黄土的磁学性质及古气候意义 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
对捷克Znojmo剖面末次间冰期以来黄土-古土壤序列进行了较为详细的岩石磁学和X射线衍射实验研究, 结果表明捷克黄土-古土壤磁化率变化与中国黄土高原风成沉积物具有相似的特征, 即土壤化作用使磁化率升高. 磁化率随温度的变化特征和等温剩磁测定以及X射线衍射实验揭示出Znojmo剖面黄土和古土壤的主要磁性矿物是磁铁矿, 并含有少量的磁赤铁矿、赤铁矿和黄铁矿或磁黄铁矿以及针铁矿. 磁化率各向异性研究表明, Znojmo剖面黄土和古土壤的磁线理小于磁面理, 这说明磁化率椭球体为压扁形, 最大轴的方向呈现随机分布特征, 不能指示大气传输尘埃沉积时的古风向. 相似文献
8.
通过中国东部红土剖面的环境磁学参数（磁化率、频率磁化率、非磁滞剩磁、饱和等温剩磁等）测量,获得了红土剖面磁性矿物浓度、粒度和类型等特性随深度的变化曲线以及红土经连二亚硫酸钠一柠檬酸钠一重碳酸钠溶液（ＤＣＢ）处理后的磁性参数变化．根据红土剖面环境磁学参数及其磁参数比值的变化可将红土分为３个层段,各层段的磁性矿物特征存在明显的差异．证实了红土剖面中的磁性载体主要是磁赤铁矿、赤铁矿和针铁矿,并分离出了球粒状磁颗粒．认为红土磁性矿物的数量、粒度、类型等的变异指示了其形成时的环境特征,其频率磁化率和ＤＣＢ处理的磁化率损失量指示了红土成壤化作用的强弱,可作为在红壤区研究过去全球变化的一种新途径． 相似文献
9.
10.
对福建三明某钢铁厂和火电厂附近的污染表土样品进行了多参数的岩石磁学测试分析,包括χ T曲线、磁滞回线、等温剩磁获得曲线等. 三明地区污染表土中的磁性矿物有磁铁矿、赤铁矿和磁黄铁矿. 样品中磁性矿物的平均粒度较粗,为较大的准单畴,甚至多畴,粒度明显大于成土作用所产生的磁性颗粒. 粗粒的磁铁矿颗粒是污染物的主要磁性组分. 虽然磁化率测量可以作为一种简单、快速而且廉价的检测污染土壤的方法,但同时辅以必要的岩石磁学测量将有利于提取更多的污染信息. 对于低磁化率的污染土壤,亚铁磁性硫化物的存在可以作为土壤可能被污染的证据之一. 相似文献
11.
黄土岩石磁学参数是古气候研究中的重要指标，其中磁化率应用最为广泛，并在黄土高原地区取得重大进展，其受控于成壤作用的变化机制也被普遍接受.然而在黄土高原外缘的新疆地区，磁化率的变化机制仍不明确，导致磁化率的古气候意义在该区存在较大争议.本文选取塔里木盆地南缘具有精确年代控制的典型黄土剖面（羊场剖面）开展岩石磁学和高分辨率磁化率研究，利用交叉小波分析方法并结合剖面粒度、矿物及元素特征对该地区磁化率变化机制进行初步探讨.结果显示，羊场剖面的岩石磁学性质主要由粗颗粒软磁性矿物所控制，同时也表现出一定的顺磁性特征.根据载磁矿物和磁化率变化特征可将剖面进一步划分为两个阶段：阶段Ⅰ（8.5~2.5 ka），载磁矿物以亚铁磁性的磁铁矿为主，磁化率值整体较高；阶段Ⅱ（2.5~0.2 ka），亚铁磁性矿物依然占据主导地位，但硬磁性矿物和以黄铁矿为代表的顺磁性矿物相对增多，磁化率值显著降低.相关性研究和交叉小波分析表明：阶段Ⅰ磁化率与粗颗粒组分的变化具有一致性，符合"风速论"模式；阶段Ⅱ磁化率不仅与粗颗粒组分具有明显的正相关关系，而且与指示成壤作用强度的频率磁化率百分含量呈现出显著的负相关关系，暗示了阶段Ⅱ的磁化率变化可能受到"风速论"和"还原性成壤"模式的共同影响.本文拓宽了对新疆地区黄土岩石磁学特征及其磁化率变化机制的深入理解，也为利用磁化率恢复新疆及中亚地区全新世以来的古气候变化历史提供了新的线索. 相似文献
12.
The magnetic susceptibility of modern soils in China and its use for paleoclimate reconstruction 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Summary Magnetic susceptibility of more than 160 modern silty soil samples in China was measured to assess the relationship between
the magnetic susceptibility and modern climatic parameters. Correlation between magnetic susceptibility and mean annual temperature
(MAT) or mean annual precipitation (MAP), shows a complex picture and no single function can be found to fit all the data
on the national scale. In East China, where East Asian monsoon plays an important role for the climate conditions, magnetic
susceptibility increases with the increase of MAT or MAP in temperate semi-arid regions of the Loess Plateau and surrounding
areas. This can be attributed to increasing intensity of pedogenesis which would favor the formation of strongly magnetic
minerals and/or reduce depositional rate of eolian dust. Magnetic susceptibility tends to decrease with the increase of temperature
and precipitation in the tropical and subtropical warm and humid regions of the vast areas south of the Yangtze River. This
may be explained by pedogenic transformation of iron-bearing minerals to weakly magnetic minerals. Between these two different
correlation patterns, 15°C of MAT and/or 1200 mm of MAP seem to be the thresholds. In West China, the correlation becomes
quite complex in the great mountains and vast sedimentary basins in the north-west. This may be due to the prevailing continental
climate in this region and topographic contrast within short distance. The correlation for the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau
is not clear because very few samples were collected. Fluctuations of paleo-temperature and paleo-precipitation at Luochuan
for the last 130 ka were estimated using the climofunction obtained from this study. 相似文献
13.
本研究选择川西高原、天山和西伯利亚Kurtak剖面的黄土古土壤样品及亚热带非风成样品进行CBD处理,系统测量并对比处理前后的磁学参数,包括低频磁化率、频率磁化率、非磁滞剩磁、饱和等温剩磁、剩磁矫顽力和热磁曲线(J-T曲线),分析处理前后磁性矿物种类、含量和磁畴的变化.结果表明,CBD方法对于磁性矿物的溶解并无明显的选择性,在温度与反应时间一定的条件下,磁性矿物的溶出量主要受控于其粒径分布.CBD方法可以非常有效地去除具有更大比表面积的细粒(< 1 μm)磁性矿物,同时溶解粗粒(>1 μm)磁性矿物外缘,使其粒径变细.CBD处理后磁化率变化存在多种可能,对于成土作用较强的古土壤,CBD方法可以较为准确地提取成土成因的磁性信息;而干旱和过度湿润条件下的风积黄土,不宜使用CBD方法区分原生与次生磁性矿物. 相似文献
14.
QIANG Xiaoke AN Zhisheng LI Huamei CHANG Hong & SONG Yougui . SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China . Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(8):1234-1245
Rock magnetism research on eolian deposits from the Chinese Loess Plateau shows that magnetite, maghe- mite and hematite are the main magnetic minerals in loess-paleosol sequences and red clay se-quences[1―8], and finds that the magnetic susceptibility increase is positively correlated to the content of ultra-fine minerals and relatively strong pedogene- sis[7―15]. This offers significant information in studying the Late Cenozoic paleoclimatic history of Chinese Loess Plateau[1,5―8,10―22… 相似文献
15.
We have conducted detailed rock magnetic experiments on samples from loess unit 8 (L8) and paleosol unit 8 (S8) in Jingbian,
Yichuan and Duanjiapo loess sections along an N-S transect in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Major rock magnetic results are as
follows: (i) An increase of high field susceptibility (χh) in the same level of loess or paleosol from north to south is observed, suggesting an enhancement of pedogenesis. (ii) The
low field susceptibility(χL) in loess unit L8 is almost the same in three sections. In contrast, the χL of paleosol unit S8 in Yichuan is highest, and the χL of Duanjiapo is lower than that in Yichuan section, suggesting that there is not correlation between the χL and the degree of pedogenesis in loess-paleosols. (iii) With the increasing of χL, both the contents of the superparamagnetic (SP) and the ferrimagnetic grains in loess-paleosol increase, however, the enhancement
of magnetic susceptibility is probably dependent more on the increase of the ferrimagnetic concentration than on a change
in the grain size. (iv) The content of the maghemite in loess unit 8 increases from the northern to the southern part of the
Chinese Loess Plateau, and is positively correlated with the pedogenesis of the loess. 相似文献
16.
Xiuming Liu Zhisheng An Tim Rolph Xiaoke Qiang Paul Hesse Huayu Lu Jie Zhou Yanjun Cai 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(7):635-651
The study on magnetic properties of the red clay indicates that the red clay and loesspaleosol sequence have a common magnetic
mineralogy, with magnetite, maghemite, hematite (and possibly goethite) contributing to the magnetic behavior. The red clay
magnetic susceptibility is also found to have a positive relation with extrafine superparamagnetic grains. This suggests that,
like the Quaternary loess-paleosols, an ultrafine ferrimagnetic component produced during pedogenesis in the red clay under
humid conditions also plays an important role in susceptibility enhancement in the soil units. This is supported by the correlation
between Rb/Sr ratio and magnetic susceptibility. This signifies that, like the above loess-paleosol sequence, the magnetic
susceptibility of the red clay can be used as a general proxy paleoclimatic indicator, although whether its susceptibility
in the red clay is comparable to pedogenesis intensity and requires further investigation. Magnetic susceptibility variation
in the red clay thus also provides an eolian/pedogenic record of paleoclimatic evolution. Study of the background susceptibility
indicates that, on average, the absolute scale of the paleoclimatic shift from red clay development to Quaternary loess deposition
is similar to the climatic shift from stage 5 (S1) to stage 2–4 (L1). This may suggest that during the Quaternary there is
an evident strengthening of the absolute wind intensity to bring more (about double) coarser and less weathered (non-SP fraction)
eolian magnetic input from the source regions to the Loess Plateau than during the Pliocene. The presence of eolian red clay
since 7.5 Ma BP in central-northern China implies an important environmental change from the underlying Cretaceous red sandstone.
The red clay development was closely related to global drying and climate cooling since the Cretaceous and closely associated
with the abrupt uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau at about that time. This uplift of the plateau intensified the East Asia
monsoon system and started red clay deposition. 相似文献
17.
Liu Xiuming AN Zhisheng Tim Rolph QIANG Xiaoke Paul Hesse Lu Huayu ZHOU Jie CAI Yanjun 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(7)
The study on magnetic properties of the red clay indicates that the red clay and loess- paleosol sequence have a common magnetic mineralogy, with magnetite, maghemite, hematite (and possibly goethite) contributing to the magnetic behavior. The red clay magnetic susceptibility is also found to have a positive relation with extrafine superparamagnetic grains. This suggests that, like the Quaternary loess-paleosols, an ultrafine ferrimagnetic component produced during pe-dogenesis in the red clay under humid conditions also plays an important role in susceptibility enhancement in the soil units. This is supported by the correlation between Rb/Sr ratio and magnetic susceptibility. This signifies that, like the above loess-paleosol sequence, the magnetic susceptibility of the red clay can be used as a general proxy paleoclimatic indicator, although whether its susceptibility in the red clay is comparable to pedogenesis intensity and requires further investigation. Magnetic susceptibility variation in the red clay thus also provides an eo-lian/pedogenic record of paleoclimatic evolution. Study of the background susceptibility indicates that, on average, the absolute scale of the paleoclimatic shift from red clay development to Quaternary loess deposition is similar to the climatic shift from stage 5 (S1) to stage 2-4 (L1). This may suggest that during the Quaternary there is an evident strengthening of the absolute wind intensity to bring more (about double) coarser and less weathered (non-SP fraction) eolian magnetic input from the source regions to the Loess Plateau than during the Pliocene. The presence of eolian red clay since 7.5 Ma BP in central-northern China implies an important envi-ronmental change from the underlying Cretaceous red sandstone. The red clay development was closely related to global drying and climate cooling since the Cretaceous and closely associated with the abrupt uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau at about that time. This uplift of the plateau intensified the East Asia monsoon system and started red clay deposition. 相似文献
18.
Two pedogenic models for paleoclimatic records of magnetic susceptibility from Chinese and Siberian loess 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The magnetic susceptibility (MS) of Chinese loess showing a general proportional relationship to pedogenic grade has been widely recognized and used for reconstruction of paleoclimate by Quaternary scientists. The in-situ pedogenic enhancement of ferrimagnetic content is normally believed to be the main reason for the increase of susceptibility in soil units. However, this pattern of high magnetic susceptibility in palaeosols, and low values in loess, are not replicated in some loess deposits. Siberian loess deposits display a completely opposite susceptibility behavior: high values in loess and low values in palaeosols. This inverse relationship has been explained by the idea that magnetic susceptibility is reflecting the magnitude of an aeolian ferrimagnetic component of consistent mineralogy, the grain size of which is related to average wind velocity. Our magnetic study of Siberian samples in this paper suggests that there are notable differences in magnetic properties between Siberian loess and developed palaeosols, not only in magnetic grain-size and concentration but also in magnetic mineralogy. This evidence is difficult to explain fully through variation in wind strength alone, but implies that the low magnetic susceptibility values in the Siberian paleosol units are a reflection, at least in part, of the alteration of the ferrimagnetic content by post-depositional processes. The Loess Plateau is a very arid area where potential evaporation is always higher than precipitation; pedogenesis occurs under dry oxidising conditions. The Siberian Kurtak region is located on the edge of the tundra where it is always wet and saturation during interglacials will lead to a reducing pedogenic environment. Ferrimagnetic minerals under this condition will be destroyed, resulting in lower magnetic susceptibility. Therefore, great care should be taken when using susceptibility values for paleoclimatic reconstruction. 相似文献
19.
Detailed rock magnetic investigations and X-ray diffraction (XRD)were carried out on loess-paleosol sequences of the last interglacial-glacial at Znojmo section in Czech Republic. The results indicate that pedogenesis causes susceptibility enhancement in the paleosols, which is similar to that observed in the Chinese Loess Plateau. k-T curves, IRM, and XRD show that magnetite is the dominant magnetic mineral in the loess-paleosol sequences at the Znojmo section, while maghemite, hematite, and pyrite/pyrrhotite are minor minerals. Measurements of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) indicate that the magnetic lineation is smaller than the foliation. The susceptibility ellipsoids are oblate and the directions of the maximum principal axes (Kmax) are distributed randomly, and cannot be used to determine the paleo-wind direction. 相似文献