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1.
We analyze the characteristics of different floating datums for static corrections and discuss the methods for determining them. The effect of different floating datum corrections was studied using theoretical model experiments, resulting in the conclusion that the velocity obtained after the floating datum correction with the minimum static correction errors depends on the velocity of the layer below the low velocity layer (LVL) lower boundary and is not related to topographic relief and LVL structure. For the real data processing case, wave equation numerical model experiments were conducted which resulted in a new method for calculating objective functions based on the waveform and modifications to the calculation equation for minimum static correction errors to make the method suitable for real data static correction processing using inhomogeneous velocity models with lower velocity boundary relief. Real data processing results demonstrate the method's superiority.  相似文献   

2.
We present an extension of the Common Reflection Surface (CRS) stack that provides support for an arbitrary top surface topography. CRS stacking can be applied to the original prestack data without the need for any elevation statics. The CRS-stacked zero- offset section can be corrected (redatumed) to a given planar level by kinematic wave field attributes. The seismic processing results indicate that the CRS stacked section for rugged surface topography is better than the conventional stacked section for S/N ratio and better continuity of reflection events. Considering the multiple paths of zero-offset rays, the method deals with reflection information coming from different dips and performs the stack using the method of dip decomposition, which improves the kinematic and dynamic character of CRS stacked sections.  相似文献   

3.
China's continental deposition basins are characterized by complex geological structures and various reservoir lithologies. Therefore, high precision exploration methods are needed. High density spatial sampling is a new technology to increase the accuracy of seismic exploration. We briefly discuss point source and receiver technology, analyze the high density spatial sampling in situ method, introduce the symmetric sampling principles presented by Gijs J. O. Vermeer, and discuss high density spatial sampling technology from the point of view of wave field continuity. We emphasize the analysis of the high density spatial sampling characteristics, including the high density first break advantages for investigation of near surface structure, improving static correction precision, the use of dense receiver spacing at short offsets to increase the effective coverage at shallow depth, and the accuracy of reflection imaging. Coherent noise is not aliased and the noise analysis precision and suppression increases as a result. High density spatial sampling enhances wave field continuity and the accuracy of various mathematical transforms, which benefits wave field separation. Finally, we point out that the difficult part of high density spatial sampling technology is the data processing. More research needs to be done on the methods of analyzing and processing huge amounts of seismic data.  相似文献   

4.
Three-component seismic exploration through P-wave source and three-component geophone is an effective technique used in complicated reservoir exploration. In three-component seismic exploration data processing,one of the difficulties is static correction of converted wave. This paper analyzes propagation characteristics of non-converted and converted refracted waves,and discovers a favor-able condition for the formation of converted refracted wave,i.e. the velocity of overlaying medium S wave is much lower than that of underlying medium S wave. In addition,the paper proposes the static correction method of converted wave based on PPS converted refracted wave,and processes the real three-component seismic data with better results of static correction of converted wave.  相似文献   

5.
6.
When topography and low velocity zone differences vary greatly, conventional vertical static time shifts will cause wavefield distortion and influence wave equation seismic imaging for seismic data acquired on a complex near surface. In this paper, we propose an approach to datum correction that combines a joint tomography inversion with wavefield continuation to solve the static problem for seismic data on rugged acquisition topography. First, the near surface model is obtained by refracted wave tomography inversion. Second, the wavefield of sources and receivers are continued downward and upward to accomplish datum correction starting from a flat surface and locating the datum above topography. Based on the reciprocal theorem, Huygens' and Fresnel principles, the location of sources and receivers, and regarding the recorded data on the surface as a secondary emission, the sources and receivers are upward-continued to the datum above topography respectively. Thus, the datum correction using joint tomography inversion and wavefield continuation with the condition of a complex near surface is accomplished.  相似文献   

7.
The existing methods in atmospheric correction of hyperspectral data usually focus on removing the effects of water vapor and other absorptive gases, while this paper mainly studies the method of re- moving the influence of the aerosol and the water vapor simultaneously. Because the hyperspectral data has a larger number of bands, the conventional dark object method cannot be applied to the at- mospheric correction of the hyperspectral data which can be improved, as described in this paper, by adequately making use of spectral characteristics of the hyperspectral data with an iterative correction during the whole process. The effects of the aerosol and water vapor are eliminated at the same time finally. The improved dark object method is used to do the atomospheric correction of the Hyperion data in Yanzhou, Shandong Province as an example. And the result indicates that it can correct the atmospheric influence of the hyperspectral data quickly and remarkably.  相似文献   

8.
A model for topographic correction and land surface reflectance estimation for optical remote sensing data in rugged terrian is presented.Considering a directional-directional reflectance that is used for direct solar irradiance correction and a hemispheric-directional reflectance that is used for atmospheric diffuse irradiance and terrain background reflected irradiance correction respectively,the directional reflectance-based model for topographic effects removing and land surface reflectance calculation is developed by deducing the directional reflectance with topographic effects and using a radiative transfer model.A canopy reflectance simulated by GOMS model and Landsat/TM raw data covering Jiangxi rugged area were taken to validate the performance of the model presented in the paper.The validation results show that the model presented here has a remarkable ability to correct topography and estimate land surface reflectance and also provides a technique method for sequently quantitative remote sensing application in terrain area.  相似文献   

9.
In order to suppress the airwave noise in marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data, we propose a 3D deconvolution (3DD) interferometry method with a synthetic aperture source and obtain the relative anomaly coefficient (RAC) of the EM field reflection responses to show the degree for suppressing the airwave. We analyze the potential of the proposed method for suppressing the airwave, and compare the proposed method with traditional methods in their effectiveness. A method to select synthetic source length is derived and the effect of the water depth on RAC is examined via numerical simulations. The results suggest that 3DD interferometry method with a synthetic source can effectively suppress the airwave and enhance the potential of marine CSEM to hydrocarbon exploration.  相似文献   

10.
Based on the data synthesis simulation and the actual processing of the airgun seismic source signal, three quantitative indicators of signal-to-noise ratio, waveform correlation coefficient and phase offset, are superimposed. We systematically evaluate the functions of the following three stack methods including linearity, phase weighting and S-transform in the extraction of weak signals under strong background noise and quantitatively estimate the reliability of the stack results. Through the comprehensive discussion of the above three methods of stack results, the preliminary comparative analysis believes that the linear stack signal-to-noise ratio is low, but the waveform distortion is minimal; the phase-weighted superimposed signal-to-noise ratio is high and the phase offset is small, but the results of the waveform quality and linear stack are larger than the deviation; the S-transform stack has a relatively higher signal-to-noise ratio and a small loss of waveform amplitude, but there is a certain phase shift phenomenon. It is therefore suggested that linear stack technology should be used when the requirements of both waveform quality and time precision are high. However, the selection of the stack method when the airgun source excitation is limited should be emphasized. If high fidelity is required, the S-transform stack method should be selected; if the required time is high, accuracy can be selected by phase-weighted stack method to achieve reasonable extraction of weak signals.  相似文献   

11.
厚风化层覆盖区转换波静校正方法   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
P-SV转换波处理与传统的P-P波处理有很大的不同,如S波静校正、CCP叠加、P-SV速度分析和偏移等,其中最大的难题就是S波静校正问题.S波速度基本不受潜水面的影响,与纵波静校正没有直接相关性,有时横波静校正量能达到纵波静校正量的十倍,用纵波静校正量乘以比例系数来解决横波静校正问题将导致较大误差.同一接收点X和Z分量存在一定的初至时差,该时差代表了P波和S波在低降速带的走时差,可以利用该时差和近地表纵横波速度比信息去除低降速带对横波的影响,得到准确的静校正量.本文利用多分量初至时差推导了较为精确的横波静校正公式,再结合共检波点叠加求取剩余静校正量的方法,形成了完整的转换波静校正配套方法.利用该方法对苏里格气田二维及三维多波地震资料进行了实际处理,数据处理结果证明了该方法的有效性,该方法尤其适用于其他方法难以奏效的风化层较厚地区的横波静校正量求解,该方法也同时考虑了长波长横波静校正问题.  相似文献   

12.
估计转换波的静校正量是一个复杂的非线性问题,常规的线性静校正方法无法取得好的效果.粒子群算法是一种很好的非线性全局最优化方法,但其缺点是"早熟"现象严重.最大能量法是一种常规求取静校正量的方法,局部寻优能力强且收敛速度快是其优点,但是当地震记录含有大的静校正量时易收敛于局部极值.本文在标准粒子群算法的基础上发展出了一种改进的粒子群算法:团体粒子群算法.并且通过对Rastrigin函数的寻优实验证明了其全局寻优能力优于标准粒子群算法.同时为了解决转换波静校正问题串行融合了团体粒子群算法和最大能量法.最后,建立了含一个水平反射层的模型并合成地震记录,加入随机值作为检波点静校正量.对合成的地震数据分别利用团体粒子群和最大能量的串行融合算法、标准粒子群算法和最大能量法求取静校正量并进行静校正.结果证明串行融合算法得到的静校正量与理论值误差很小,静校正后的叠加剖面连续性较好.  相似文献   

13.
起伏地表煤田地震资料静校正   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
由于地表起伏和近地表结构变化产生的静校正问题严重影响了煤田地震资料的成像质量.为此,首先利用低速带分片拟合的广义线性反演技术进行折射波静校正,解决长波长静校正问题和部分短波长静校正问题,然后,利用叠加能量最大静校正技术进一步解决剩余静校正问题,最后,利用非地表一致性剩余时差校正技术,解决速度和射线等误差引起的非地表一致性剩余时差问题.实验结果表明,在以串连的方式应用了三种校正方法之后,在共炮点道集上,折射渡同相轴的线性形态得到了恢复;在动校正后的共中心点道集上,煤层反射的双曲线同相轴被拉平;在叠加剖面上,煤层反射的信噪比得到了改善.  相似文献   

14.
Statics are an effective approach to correct for complex velocity variations in the near surface, but so far, to a large extent, a general and robust automatic static correction method is still lacking. In this paper, we propose a novel two‐phase automatic static correction method, which is capable of handling both primary wave statics (PP statics) and converted‐wave statics (S‐wave statics). Our method is purely data driven, and it aims at maximizing stacking power in the target zone of the stack image. Low‐frequency components of the data are analysed first using an advanced genetic algorithm to estimate seed statics and the time structure for an event of interest, and then the original full‐band data are further aligned via the back‐and‐forth coordinate descent method using the seed statics as initial values and the time structure for event alignment guidance. We apply our new method to two field datasets, i.e., one for 2D PP static correction and the other for 3D S‐wave static correction.  相似文献   

15.
基于偏移成像道集的剩余静校正方法   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
针对陆上地震资料处理的静校正问题,提出了一种基于偏移成像道集的剩余静校正方法.与传统的由动校正后的CMP道集中拾取剩余时差不同,本文基于偏移成像道集求取剩余时差,避免了复杂情况下同相轴归位不准确导致的剩余时差拾取误差.通过生成随炮点和检波点位置变化的偏移道集,实现了由偏移道集中直接拾取炮、检点的地表一致性剩余时差;该炮、检点偏移道集只在指定的局部时窗生成,并不增加大的计算量.二维和三维实际数据测试表明了该方法的有效性和实用性.  相似文献   

16.
Static shifts from near‐surface inhomogeneities very often represent the key problem in the processing of seismic data from arid regions. In this case study, the deep bottom fill of a wadi strongly degrades the image quality of a 2D seismic data set. The resulting static and dynamic problems are solved by both conventional and common‐reflection‐surface (CRS) processing. A straightforward approach derives conventional refraction statics from picked first breaks and then goes through several iterations of manual velocity picking and residual statics calculation. The surface‐induced static and dynamic inhomogeneities, however, are not completely solved by these conventional methods. In CRS processing, the local adaptation of the CRS stacking parameters results in very detailed dynamic corrections. They resolve the local inhomogeneities that were not detected by manual picking of stacking velocities and largely compensate for the surface‐induced deterioration in the stack. The subsequent CRS residual statics calculations benefit greatly from the large CRS stacking fold which increases the numbers of estimates for single static shifts. This improves the surface‐consistent averaging of static shifts and the convergence of the static solution which removes the remaining static shifts in the 2D seismic data. The large CRS stacking fold also increases the signal‐to‐noise ratio in the final CRS stack.  相似文献   

17.
In the case of onshore data sets, the acquired reflection events can be strongly impaired due to rough top‐surface topography and inhomogeneities in the uppermost low‐velocity layer, the so‐called weathering layer. Without accounting for these influences, the poor data quality will make data processing very difficult. Usually, the correction for the top‐surface topography is not perfect. The residuals from this correction and the influence of the weathering layers lead to small distortions along the reflection events. We integrated a residual static correction method into our data‐driven common‐reflection‐surface‐stack‐based imaging workflow to further eliminate such distortions. The moveout‐corrected traces and the stacked pilot trace are cross‐correlated to determine a final estimate of the surface‐consistent residual statics in an iterative manner. As the handling of top‐surface topography within the common‐reflection‐surface stack is discussed in a separate paper in this special issue, the corresponding residual static correction will be explained in more detail. For this purpose, the results obtained with a data set from the Arabian Peninsula will be presented.  相似文献   

18.
周衍  饶莹 《地球物理学报》2019,62(11):4393-4400
我国北方地区黄土塬覆盖区的静校正问题是地震数据处理中的难点问题之一.黄土塬表层覆盖巨厚黄土,高差起伏较大,地震静校正问题严重;而且黄土塬覆盖区的潜水面普遍较深,常规折射静校正方法无法取得令人满意的处理效果.本文针对黄土塬覆盖区的静校正难题,研究层析反演静校正方法在黄土塬地区的适用性和可靠性.层析反演静校正利用地震波初至走时数据、通过迭代反演的方法构建速度模型,进而依据所得的近地表速度模型对地震数据进行静校正处理.本文的迭代反演采用同步迭代重构算法(SIRT),并且对同步迭代重构算法进行了改进,使得层析反演的迭代过程趋于稳定.但是,因为黄土塬覆盖区地表高程的横向变化剧烈,相邻检波点的高差及其静校正量有时差异很大,在运用层析静校正求取长波长静校正量的同时,还需采用初至波剩余静校正方法求取短波长静校正量.实例证明,综合应用依据初至波走时数据的层析静校正和剩余静校正方法,同时计算长波长和短波长的静校正量,能够有效地解决黄土塬覆盖区实际地震资料的静校正问题.  相似文献   

19.
Seismic data acquired along rugged topographic surfaces present well‐known problems in seismic imaging. In conventional seismic data processing, datum statics are approximated by the surface consistence assumption, which states that all seismic rays travel vertically in the top layer. Hence, the datum static for each single trace is constant. In case this assumption does not apply, non‐constant statics are required. The common reflection surface (CRS) stack for rugged surface topography provides the capability to deal with this non‐vertical static issue. It handles the surface elevation as a coordinate component and treats the elevation variation in the sense of directional datuming. In this paper I apply the CRS stack method to a synthetic data set that simulates the acquisition along an irregular surface topography. After the CRS stack, by means of the wavefield attributes, a simple algorithm for redatuming the CRS stack section to an arbitrarily chosen planar surface is performed. The redatumed section simulates a stack section whose acquisition surface is the chosen planar surface.  相似文献   

20.
三种算法联合迭代反演求取最佳剩余静校正量   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
估算剩余静校正量可看作是以激发点及接收点剩余静校正量为模型参数的、以叠加能量为目标函数的全局最优值的搜索问题.当地震记录的剩余静校正量大而信噪比较低时,应用相关统计法不能有效地拾取静校正量.本文分别采用了CMP道集内道间互相关法、图像边缘提取的Laplacian算法及DFP算法,三种不同算法联合迭代反演可求取最佳的模型参数,使目标函数值达到或接近于全局最优.理论试算及实际资料处理效果表明,这种方法能够解决低信噪比及大静校正量造成的周期跳跃等静校正问题.  相似文献   

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