共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 24 毫秒
1.
Cui Xingfu Li Hongbing Hu Ying Liang Hong Qi Li 《应用地球物理》2007,4(2):94-100
When topography and low velocity zone differences vary greatly, conventional vertical static time shifts will cause wavefield distortion and influence wave equation seismic imaging for seismic data acquired on a complex near surface. In this paper, we propose an approach to datum correction that combines a joint tomography inversion with wavefield continuation to solve the static problem for seismic data on rugged acquisition topography. First, the near surface model is obtained by refracted wave tomography inversion. Second, the wavefield of sources and receivers are continued downward and upward to accomplish datum correction starting from a flat surface and locating the datum above topography. Based on the reciprocal theorem, Huygens＇ and Fresnel principles, the location of sources and receivers, and regarding the recorded data on the surface as a secondary emission, the sources and receivers are upward-continued to the datum above topography respectively. Thus, the datum correction using joint tomography inversion and wavefield continuation with the condition of a complex near surface is accomplished. 相似文献
2.
The Numerical Modeling of 3-D Elastic Wave Equation Using a High-Order,Staggered-Grid, Finite Difference Scheme 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
XiaFan DongLiangguo MaZaitian 《应用地球物理》2004,1(1):38-41
This article provides the application of the high-order, staggered-grid, finite-difference scheme to model elastic wave propagation in 3-D isotropic media. Here, we use second-order, temporal-and high-order spatial finite-difference formulations with a staggered grid for discretization of the 3-D elastic wave equations of motion. The set of absorbing boundary conditions based on paraxial approximations of 3-D elastic wave equations are applied to the numerical boundaries. The trial resuits for the salt model show that the numerical dispersion is decreased to a minimum extent, the accuracy high and diffracted waves abundant. It also shows that this method can be used for modeling wave propagation in complex media with the lateral variation of velocity. 相似文献
3.
由于地面微地震监测台站布设在地表,会受到地表起伏、低降速带厚度和速度变化的影响,降低了微地震事件的识别准确度和定位精度,限制了地面微地震监测技术在复杂地表地区的应用.因此,将三维地震勘探技术的思路引入到地面微地震监测中,提出了三维地震与地面微地震联合校正方法,将油气勘探和开发技术更加紧密地结合在一起.根据三维地震数据和低降速带测量数据,通过约束层析反演方法建立精确的近地表速度模型,将地面微地震台站从起伏地表校正到高速层中的平滑基准面上,有效消除复杂近地表的影响.其次,根据射孔数据和声波测井速度信息,通过非线性反演方法建立最优速度模型,由于已经消除复杂近地表的影响,在进行速度模型优化时不需要考虑近地表的影响,因而建立的速度模型更加准确.最后,在精确速度模型的基础上,通过互相关方法求取剩余静校正量,进一步消除了复杂近地表和速度模型近似误差的影响.三维地震与地面微地震联合校正方法采用逐步校正的思路,能够有效消除复杂近地表的影响,提高微地震数据的品质和速度模型的精确度,保证了微地震事件的定位精度,具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
4.
在多分量地震勘探资料中,水平和垂直分量都记录有P波和SV波。本文研究了P波和SV波波场分解的方法。当上行P波和S波分别入射时,通过研究它们引起的水平和垂直位移,把地震记录的水平和垂直分量进行分解,得到纵波和转换波;在已知海底介质中纵横波速度和介质密度的情况下,可以在τ-P域内实现波场分解,然后变换到时间域,得到时间域内的纵波和转换波剖面。把本文研究的波场分解方法应用于合成资料,能够有效地分解得到纵波波场和转换波波场。最后,海上多分量实际资料的实例应用表明,本文研究的波场分解方法是可行有效的。本方法也适用于自由表面的资料。 相似文献
5.
浅层地震反射法是一种常用的勘探方法.在浅层地震资料处理中,静校正的精度直接影响速度反演的结果和叠加剖面的质量,在地形平缓时,固定基准面静校正可以满足勘探精度的要求,但在复杂地形条件下,其存在较大误差,即使采用浮动基准面,仍会由于地表一致性假设而残余静校正量,不能消除地形起伏引起的影响,为了提高浅层地震反射静校正的精度必须在常规静校正后进行一次剩余静校正,本文给出起伏地形条件下,滑动基准面(过共中心点的水平面即为该共中心点的滑动基准面)的剩余静校正量,该校正量与炮检距、反射层埋深、地层波速以及炮点和接收点高程有关,适用于单一介质和层状介质情况,本文通过对典型地形起伏的3个水平均匀层状介质理论地质模型的速度谱计算和分析,阐明在复杂地形条件下,应用本文提出的剩余静校正方法可以消除地形起伏的影响,提高静校正精度,在此基础上做动校正可以得到高质量的水平叠加剖面. 相似文献
6.
《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)
Three-component seismic exploration through P-wave source and three-component geophone is an effective technique used in complicated reservoir exploration. In three-component seismic exploration data processing,one of the difficulties is static correction of converted wave. This paper analyzes propagation characteristics of non-converted and converted refracted waves,and discovers a favor-able condition for the formation of converted refracted wave,i.e. the velocity of overlaying medium S wave is much lower than that of underlying medium S wave. In addition,the paper proposes the static correction method of converted wave based on PPS converted refracted wave,and processes the real three-component seismic data with better results of static correction of converted wave. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
常规的转换波静校正的基本思想都是从地震波的运动学特征出发,基于地表一致性假设.在地表条件复杂和地表高程相差较大的地区,它不仅无法解决严重的静校正问题,反而会带来新的畸变.本文基于频率波数域波动方程偏移原理,采用波场延拓方法实现转换波静校正,其关键点在于时间空间域和频率波数域的相对应.文中通过坐标变换将起伏地表转化为新坐标系下的水平地表,把炮点和检波点映射到同一水平面上,然后在新坐标系下推导频率域波动方程延拓公式,接着对下行波P和上行转换波SV分别利用近地表速度向上延拓到基准面,恢复起伏地表到基准面之间的真实波场,最后转换到原始坐标系取出基准面数据完成转换波静校正.通过对模拟和实际数据处理,证明该方法是正确和有效的. 相似文献
10.
静校正问题是地震勘探的关键问题，直接影响地震勘探精度和准确性.实际地震采集过程中，当在相同接收点位置上不同时间内插拔布设了不同的检波器时，对于目前基于地表一致性理论假设的基准面静校正和剩余静校正，以及非地表一致性剩余静校正都不具备适用条件.为解决这一问题，本文提出了基于共姿态道集的静校正方法，将相同接收点位置上不同时间布设的检波点所接收的地震数据抽成不同的共姿态道集，在共姿态道集内实施地表一致性静校正；当某接收点位置上具有若干个共姿态道集时，该接收点位置上可能会存在多个检波点静校量；炮点静校问题仍然采用地表一致性静校正方法解决.该方法解决了同一接收点位置上不同共姿态道集之间的非地表一致性静校正问题，同时也解决了全区的检波点和炮点的地表一致性静校正问题，在实际数据应用效果明显. 相似文献
11.
P-SV转换波处理与传统的P-P波处理有很大的不同,如S波静校正、CCP叠加、P-SV速度分析和偏移等,其中最大的难题就是S波静校正问题.S波速度基本不受潜水面的影响,与纵波静校正没有直接相关性,有时横波静校正量能达到纵波静校正量的十倍,用纵波静校正量乘以比例系数来解决横波静校正问题将导致较大误差.同一接收点X和Z分量存在一定的初至时差,该时差代表了P波和S波在低降速带的走时差,可以利用该时差和近地表纵横波速度比信息去除低降速带对横波的影响,得到准确的静校正量.本文利用多分量初至时差推导了较为精确的横波静校正公式,再结合共检波点叠加求取剩余静校正量的方法,形成了完整的转换波静校正配套方法.利用该方法对苏里格气田二维及三维多波地震资料进行了实际处理,数据处理结果证明了该方法的有效性,该方法尤其适用于其他方法难以奏效的风化层较厚地区的横波静校正量求解,该方法也同时考虑了长波长横波静校正问题. 相似文献
12.
13.
由于地表起伏和近地表结构变化产生的静校正问题严重影响了煤田地震资料的成像质量.为此,首先利用低速带分片拟合的广义线性反演技术进行折射波静校正,解决长波长静校正问题和部分短波长静校正问题,然后,利用叠加能量最大静校正技术进一步解决剩余静校正问题,最后,利用非地表一致性剩余时差校正技术,解决速度和射线等误差引起的非地表一致性剩余时差问题.实验结果表明,在以串连的方式应用了三种校正方法之后,在共炮点道集上,折射渡同相轴的线性形态得到了恢复;在动校正后的共中心点道集上,煤层反射的双曲线同相轴被拉平;在叠加剖面上,煤层反射的信噪比得到了改善. 相似文献
14.
利用随机过程的谱展开理论以及Hudson等人的裂纹介质模型构造一种裂纹数密度是空间平稳随机过程的随机介质模型。这个模型可以将裂纹的微观参数(裂纹数密度)与裂纹介质的宏观性质(弹性常数)联系起来,能灵活、有效地描述实际非均匀裂纹介质。模型算例表明,弹性常数的空问分布特征与裂纹数密度的有差别,而且对不同的弹性常数影响不同。通过改编自相关长度的大小,可以模拟裂缝在两个坐标轴方向上具有不同分布尺度的情况。最后,利用高阶的交错网格有限差分方法,我们模拟了地震波在具有随机分布裂缝岩石中的传播特征。 相似文献
15.
洪泽地区由于沉积的特点，储层横向变化快，油藏受构造、岩性、油源多因素控制。在对该区三维AVO属性体解释中，利用多元回归方法求取了横波曲线，分岩性和含油气性统计了纵、横波、泊松比参数分布规律，建立了本区的含油砂岩的正演模型，从而降低了AVO解释的多解性。通过井-震结合对四种AVO属性数据体进行了标定，并确定了各属性体应用范围，进而进行了储层和含油气检测。实践表明，该方法能有效地利用AVO属性数据体进行储层预测及油气检测，具有一定的推广价值。 相似文献
16.
In this case study we consider the seismic processing of a challenging land data set from the Arabian Peninsula. It suffers from rough top‐surface topography, a strongly varying weathering layer, and complex near‐surface geology. We aim at establishing a new seismic imaging workflow, well‐suited to these specific problems of land data processing. This workflow is based on the common‐reflection‐surface stack for topography, a generalized high‐density velocity analysis and stacking process. It is applied in a non‐interactive manner and provides an entire set of physically interpretable stacking parameters that include and complement the conventional stacking velocity. The implementation introduced combines two different approaches to topography handling to minimize the computational effort: after initial values of the stacking parameters are determined for a smoothly curved floating datum using conventional elevation statics, the final stack and also the related residual static correction are applied to the original prestack data, considering the true source and receiver elevations without the assumption of nearly vertical rays. Finally, we extrapolate all results to a chosen planar reference level using the stacking parameters. This redatuming procedure removes the influence of the rough measurement surface and provides standardized input for interpretation, tomographic velocity model determination, and post‐stack depth migration. The methodology of the residual static correction employed and the details of its application to this data example are discussed in a separate paper in this issue. In view of the complex near‐surface conditions, the imaging workflow that is conducted, i.e. stack – residual static correction – redatuming – tomographic inversion – prestack and post‐stack depth migration, leads to a significant improvement in resolution, signal‐to‐noise ratio and reflector continuity. 相似文献
17.
我国北方地区黄土塬覆盖区的静校正问题是地震数据处理中的难点问题之一.黄土塬表层覆盖巨厚黄土，高差起伏较大，地震静校正问题严重；而且黄土塬覆盖区的潜水面普遍较深，常规折射静校正方法无法取得令人满意的处理效果.本文针对黄土塬覆盖区的静校正难题，研究层析反演静校正方法在黄土塬地区的适用性和可靠性.层析反演静校正利用地震波初至走时数据、通过迭代反演的方法构建速度模型，进而依据所得的近地表速度模型对地震数据进行静校正处理.本文的迭代反演采用同步迭代重构算法（SIRT），并且对同步迭代重构算法进行了改进，使得层析反演的迭代过程趋于稳定.但是，因为黄土塬覆盖区地表高程的横向变化剧烈，相邻检波点的高差及其静校正量有时差异很大，在运用层析静校正求取长波长静校正量的同时，还需采用初至波剩余静校正方法求取短波长静校正量.实例证明，综合应用依据初至波走时数据的层析静校正和剩余静校正方法，同时计算长波长和短波长的静校正量，能够有效地解决黄土塬覆盖区实际地震资料的静校正问题. 相似文献
18.
深地震反射剖面技术是探测岩石圈精细结构的有效手段.通常情况下工区地质情况复杂，尤其在盆山结合部位，地表地形起伏大，地下构造复杂，其深地震反射资料具有低信噪比、干扰强、构造复杂等特点，给后续处理和解释造成很大困难，因此获得真实的叠加剖面是地质解释的前提和基础.复杂地区低信噪比深地震反射资料处理的关键是做好静校正和去噪工作.本文以若尔盖盆地－西秦岭造山带接合部位深地震反射资料作为例，通过方法试验和参数测试，找到适合该工区的静校正方法和去噪技术，得到较好的处理结果，为揭示若尔盖盆地－西秦岭造山带结合部位的细结构提供了可靠的依据. 相似文献
19.
Tian Qingbo 《应用地球物理》2005,2(3):175-181
The working area is located in the industrially developed region of Rongshengpu-Qianjin, where a surface water system is developed,
surface-layer lithology is complicated, and various kinds of hydrocarbon traps are buried at depth. The seismic data acquired
previously couldn’t be interpreted due to the complex surface and geological conditions. Taking secondary 3D seismic from
the Rongshengpu-Qianjin area as an example, this paper describes a set of techniques designed to overcome these difficulties
and improve the quality of seismic data. The applied techniques included flexible acquisition geometry, low-noise receiver
conditions, quantitative quality control, and so on.
First Author
Tian Qingbo, Engineer, graduated in Applied Geophysics Department from Chengdu Geology College in 1991. He engaged in acquisition and
processing of seismic data, research of acquisition method for a long time. Now, he works in the department of Project and
Technique in Geophysical Exploration Company of Liaohe Petroleum Exploration Bureau. 相似文献
20.
Based on the time series of observational variations of the length of day (LOD) and seismic data in the world, the relations
of the decadal fluctuation and seasonal variation in the Earth’s rotation with global seismic activity are studied in this
paper. The results suggest that there are overall correlations on temporal scale and regional discrepancy on spatial scale
between global seismic activity and the Earth’s variable rotation, especially the seismic activity in the Eurasian seismic
zone (not including southeast Asia) and the Lower California-Eastern Alaska seismic zone correlating well with the Earth’s
variable rotation. According to the relations mentioned above, the observational data of the Earth’s rotation might provide
a referential basis for monitoring global seismic activity.
This project is sponsored by the National Key Basic Research Project and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
The English version is improved by Prof. Xin-Ling QIN, Institute of Geophysics, SSB, China. 相似文献