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1.
Bottom Simulating Reflectors (BSRs) are considered to be the bottom of gas hydrate bearing sediments; hence, BSRs are used
to identify gas hydrate and free gas. In order to obtain accurate velocity structure of BSRs, this paper presents a full waveform
inversion strategy based on Genetic Algorithm. Synthetic seismograms are calculated using the slowness technique. Through
numerical experiments made with noisy synthetic data, the inversion algorithm shows stable performance, and genetic operators
are defined. This method was applied to field data from the northern South China Sea. Inversion results show that obvious
velocity anomaly of BSRs can be detected, which indicates the existence of gas hydrate and free gas. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2006,58(3):218-231
This study deals with two-dimensional (2D) inversions of synthetic and observed radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) data on typical buried conductive waste sites in Europe, and with the practical aspects of different inversion algorithms. In the inversion calculations, we used smoothing and L2-norm stabilizers and compared the results. The resolution of the geometry of the highly conductive waste site, in particular, was investigated. In the inversion with the L2-norm stabilizer, we used the least-squares solution with singular value decomposition (LSSVD) and conjugate gradient (CG), whereas only the conjugate gradient solver was used in the 2D-inversion with the smoothing stabilizer. The inversion results of the synthetic data showed a better resolution of the geometry of the highly conductive waste site when a L2-norm stabilizer was applied in the inversion; in particular, a better detection of the bottom of the waste deposit was achieved. Additional model studies were carried out using synthetic RMT data in order to investigate the 2D inversion of RMT data observed on a 3D structure; these studies showed that the use of TM mode data yields a better resolution of the structure than joint inversion of TE and TM modes.2D inversions of RMT data on a waste site near Cologne showed that the inversion of the TM mode could resolve well the geometry, especially the bottom of the waste site, if information about the background conductivity structure was available. In this case study, inversion with the L2-norm stabilizer produced a sharper image of the waste site than inversion with the smoothing stabilizer, as indicated also by the inversion study that used synthetic data. 相似文献
3.
为实现磁异常反演,首先提出了磁异常非参数快速反演的概念,即无需提供先验信息.在Nabighian提出的磁场通用梯度公式的基础上,推导实现了基于磁异常垂向二阶导数的非参数快速反演(V2D_depth).它不仅可以获取场源的边界信息,同时可以反演场源的埋深.通过与Tilt_depth方法对比,本文方法计算的场源边界更清晰,反演的深度也更接近真实深度,同时较大程度上克服了Tilt_depth方法受叠加异常的影响.理论模型验证了方法的有效性,并通过准噶尔盆地某区块磁异常数据的处理,提取了受强大的区域背景场掩盖的石炭系火成岩产生的弱异常,突出了构造分区、断裂分布等信息,获取了火成岩的位置及埋深参数,为该区的火成岩油气藏勘探提供了有效的处理途径. 相似文献
4.
We presented a new method for interpreting 2D magnetic data, called direct analytic signal (DAS) method, which directly used the analytic signal of magnetic anomaly to compute the depth and the structural index of the source. The DAS method needs only the computation of the first order derivatives of magnetic anomaly, so that the inversion results are more stable than the results obtained by the other existing analytic signal methods. The DAS method is tested on synthetic magnetic data with and without noise, and the DAS method can successfully obtain the depth and the structural index of the source. We also applied the DAS method to interpret a real magnetic data over a shallow geological source whose source parameters are known from closely drilling information, and the inversion results are in accord with the true values. 相似文献
5.
While tilted transverse isotropy (TTI) is a good approximation of the velocity structure for many dipping and fractured strata, it is still challenging to estimate anisotropic depth models even when the tilted angle is known. With the assumption of weak anisotropy, we present a TTI traveltime inversion approach for models consisting of several thickness-varying layers where the anisotropic parameters are constant for each layer. For each model layer the inversion variables consist of the anisotropic parameters ε and δ, the tilted angle φ of its symmetry axis, layer velocity along the symmetry axis, and thickness variation of the layer. Using this method and synthetic data, we evaluate the effects of errors in some of the model parameters on the inverted values of the other parameters in crosswell and Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) acquisition geometry. The analyses show that the errors in the layer symmetry axes sensitively affect the inverted values of other parameters, especially δ. However, the impact of errors in δ on the inversion of other parameters is much less than the impact on δ from the errors in other parameters. Hence, a practical strategy is first to invert for the most error-tolerant parameter layer velocity, then progressively invert for ε in crosswell geometry or δ in VSP geometry. 相似文献
6.
采用新近研制的分区多步不规则最短路径多震相地震射线追踪正演技术,结合流行的子空间反演算法,提出了一种联合多震相走时资料进行地震三参数 （速度、反射界面和震源位置） 同时反演的方法技术.数值模拟反演实例、以及与双参数 （速度和反射界面或速度和震源位置） 同时反演的对比分析表明：三参数同时反演成像结果大体接近双参数同时反演成像的结果.另外,噪声敏感性试验表明：所提算法对到时数据中可容许的随机误差并不敏感,结果说明多震相走时的联合三参数同时反演成像方法技术不失为一种提高走时成像空间分辨率、进而降低重建模型参数失真度、行之有效的方法技术. 相似文献
7.
A method to determine the position and magnetization vector of buried objects producing a magnetic anomaly is described. The data used were collected in boreholes. Since the anomaly is due to a number of objects, a ‘stripping’ procedure is employed for finding them, and therefore the process of inversion for finding all objects causing the anomaly consists of a few inversion steps. In each inversion step, two dipoles are considered as a model which approximates an object. The position and magnetic moments of the dipoles are the unknown parameters. The initial parameters are optimized by minimization of an objective function. The optimization procedure consists of a combination of linear and non-linear inversion. The solution of the linear inversion is obtained by singular value decomposition and that of the non-linear inversion by a six-dimensional simplex method (polytope algorithm). After finding one object, its effect is subtracted (‘stripped’) from the data and a new inversion step is started with new initial models and with a reduced data set. The inversion steps for finding different objects are continued until the absolute norm of the data becomes less than some adjustable value. The data will also be inverted assuming a three-dipole model in order to find the effect of using a more complex model in the inversion. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated using synthetic and real borehole data. 相似文献
8.
讨论了地面可控源电磁勘探三维非线性共轭梯度反演的可行性以及反演过程中考虑场源的必要性.反演采用非线性共轭梯度反演方法.反演过程中,模型响应利用交错网格有限差分技术计算.反演数据采用与发射源平行的电场x分量Ex.利用层状导电模型作为背景,设计了两个理论模型进行数值试验:第一个模型中包含两个电阻率异常,以检验反演的有效性;第二个模型中,在测区外设置了一个低阻异常,以考察源的信息在反演中的作用.两个模型的反演分别从层状背景模型开始,迭代120次后终止.数值试验结果表明,(1)非线性共轭梯度反演所获得的电阻率分布和理论模型吻合较好;(2)非线性共轭梯度算法收敛速度较慢,需要较多的迭代次数完成反演;(3)对于可控源频率电磁勘探,必须考虑源位置信息.因此,本文采用考虑场源信息的地面可控源非线性共轭梯度反演方法能完成真正意义上的可控源频率电磁测深数据的反演. 相似文献
9.
Carlos A.N. da Costa Jessé C. Costa Walter E. Medeiros D.J. Verschuur Alok K. Soni 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(1):69-84
Nowadays, full-waveform inversion, based on fitting the measured surface data with modelled data, has become the preferred approach to recover detailed physical parameters from the subsurface. However, its application is computationally expensive for large inversion domains. Furthermore, when the subsurface has a complex geological setting, the inversion process requires an appropriate pre-conditioning scheme to retrieve the medium parameters for the desired target area in a reliable manner. One way of dealing with both aspects is by waveform inversion schemes in a target-oriented fashion. Therefore, we propose a prospective application of the convolution-type representation for the acoustic wavefield in the frequency–space domain formulated as a target-oriented waveform inversion method. Our approach aims at matching the observed and modelled upgoing wavefields at a target depth level in the subsurface, where the seismic wavefields, generated by sources distributed above this level, are available. The forward modelling is performed by combining the convolution-type representation for the acoustic wavefield with solving the two-way acoustic wave-equation in the frequency–space domain for the target area. We evaluate the effectiveness of our inversion method by comparing it with the full-domain full-waveform inversion process through some numerical examples using synthetic data from a horizontal well acquisition geometry, where the sources are located at the surface and the receivers are located along a horizontal well at the target level. Our proposed inversion method requires less computational effort and, for this particular acquisition, it has proven to provide more accurate estimates of the target zone below a complex overburden compared to both full-domain full-waveform inversion process and local full-waveform inversion after applying interferometry by multidimensional deconvolution to get local-impulse responses. 相似文献
10.
本文提出了能提高异常体分辨能力,同时得到绝对电导率的地面磁电阻率数据三维反演方法.磁电阻率响应用准直流的低频磁场代替;数值模拟由频率域电场满足的Helmholtz方程出发,采用三维交错网格有限差分法;长直导线源作为发射源,其中源的计算包含在背景场中;结合地面磁电阻率数据各分量的特点,选择y分量进行反演研究;反演采用三维非线性共轭梯度反演技术,为了提高异常体的深度分辨能力,进行迭代重构反演;用印模法对初始模型进行重构,采用的是辅模型在浅部,元模型在深部的组合方式.从合成数据和实际数据的反演结果可以得到以下的认识:(1)由频率域麦克斯韦方程组出发,低频磁场数据反演可以直接得到电导率,而不是相对电导率之比;(2)采用印模法组合初始模型,进行迭代重构反演,可以提高地面磁电阻率数据反演对异常体的分辨能力,确定埋深位置,同时不会丧失对于浅部异常体的分辨能力;(3)在结合印模法的地面磁电阻率数据三维反演中,深部异常体的分辨能力受地表不均匀导电体影响较小;(4)确定印模深度可以采用上一次重构反演结束时的模型变化量,通过相邻两次重构反演结束时的模型变化量之差来确定迭代重构是否终止.因为静磁场与重力场在数学上的相似性,本文的反演方法可以被运用到重力场等位场的地面数据的反演中. 相似文献
11.
Tectonic inversion is a common phenomenon in island arc settings, especially in back‐arc basins. The reactivation of normal faults as thrusts, triggered by tectonic inversion, produces typical inversion fault‐related folds and thrusts in the hangingwall. These hangingwall inversion geometries are affected by two factors: the geometry of the underlying master fault and the angle of inclined simple shear relative to the regional dip of strata, in the case that the deformation is approximated by simple shear. This study employed numerical simulations to analyse the influence of the antithetic shear angle on the geometry of the hangingwall and displacement along the master fault. The simulation results reveal that a steeply inclined shear vector during extension produces a narrow, steep‐sided half‐graben, whereas a gently inclined shear produces a wide, open basin. After tectonic inversion, a tight anticline is formed under steeply inclined shear, whereas an open anticline is formed under gently inclined shear. Antithetic shear results in reduced total displacement along the master fault, and the greater the angle between the shear direction and the regional dip, the greater the displacement along the master fault. Because the deformation geometry of syn‐extension layers is affected by extension followed by contraction, a change in the shear angle during tectonic inversion produces a wide variety of deformation geometries. Comparison of the simulation results with the results of analogue modelling suggests that the shear angle decreases by 5° during the transition from extension to tectonic inversion and that such a change may be commonly observed in natural geological structures. These results highlight the benefits of numerical simulations, which can be used to readily examine a variety of constraining parameters and thereby lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of hangingwall deformation, avoiding erroneous estimates of the amount of fault displacement. 相似文献
12.
Borehole-to-surface electrical imaging (BSEI) uses a line source and a point source to generate a stable electric field in the ground. In order to study the surface potential of anomalies, three-dimensional forward modeling of point and line sources was conducted by using the finite-difference method and the incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient (ICCG) method. Then, the damping least square method was used in the 3D inversion of the formation resistivity data. Several geological models were considered in the forward modeling and inversion. The forward modeling results suggest that the potentials generated by the two sources have different surface signatures. The inversion data suggest that the low-resistivity anomaly is outlined better than the high-resistivity anomaly. Moreover, when the point source is under the anomaly, the resistivity anomaly boundaries are better outlined than when using a line source. 相似文献
13.
Franco Macchioli-Grande Fabio Zyserman Leonardo Monachesi Laurence Jouniaux Marina Rosas-Carbajal 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(5):1633-1656
In glacial studies, properties such as glacier thickness and the basement permeability and porosity are key to understand the hydrological and mechanical behaviour of the system. The seismoelectric method could potentially be used to determine key properties of glacial environments. Here we analytically model the generation of seismic and seismoelectric signals by means of a shear horizontal seismic wave source on top of a glacier overlying a porous basement. Considering a one-dimensional setting, we compute the seismic waves and the electrokinetically induced electric field. We then analyse the sensitivity of the seismic and electromagnetic data to relevant model parameters, namely depth of the glacier bottom, porosity, permeability, shear modulus and saturating water salinity of the glacier basement. Moreover, we study the possibility of inferring these key parameters from a set of very low noise synthetic data, adopting a Bayesian framework to pay particular attention to the uncertainty of the model parameters mentioned above. We tackle the resolution of the probabilistic inverse problem with two strategies: (1) we compute the marginal posterior distributions of each model parameter solving multidimensional integrals numerically and (2) we use a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to retrieve a collection of model parameters that follows the posterior probability density function of the model parameters, given the synthetic data set. Both methodologies are able to obtain the marginal distributions of the parameters and estimate their mean and standard deviation. The Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm performs better in terms of numerical stability and number of iterations needed to characterize the distributions. The inversion of seismic data alone is not able to constrain the values of porosity and permeability further than the prior distribution. In turn, the inversion of the electric data alone, and the joint inversion of seismic and electric data are useful to constrain these parameters as well as other glacial system properties. Furthermore, the joint inversion reduces the uncertainty of the model parameters estimates and provides more accurate results. 相似文献
14.
对于三维可控源电磁,反演计算效率、张量测量、旁侧效应以及阴影效应是目前研究的热点.本文正演采用基于库仑规范条件的耦合势有限体积算法,反演采用有限内存BFGS(L-BFGS)算法.合成数据反演结果表明:(1)有限内存BFGS法比非线性共轭梯度法,在反演计算效率上具有一定的优势,更适合求解大规模三维可控源电磁反演问题.(2)张量可控源电磁法相对于标量可控源电磁法,前者在模型分辨率上优于后者.(3)在某个区域无法布置测网的情况下,我们可利用旁侧效应在异常体周围布置测网进行三维反演,从而获得真实异常体的信息.同时,为避免阴影效应,我们应在测网外增加可控源电磁控制点,使得三维反演的数据更加完备. 相似文献
15.
16.
This paper presents a new inversion method for the interpretation of 2D magnetic anomaly data, which uses the combination of the analytic signal and its total gradient to estimate the depth and the nature (structural index) of an isolated magnetic source. However, our proposed method is sensitive to noise. In order to lower the effect of noise, we apply upward continuation technique to smooth the anomaly. Tests on synthetic noise-free and noise corrupted magnetic data show that the new method can successfully estimate the depth and the nature of the causative source. The practical application of the technique is applied to measured magnetic anomaly data from Jurh area, northeast China, and the inversion results are in agreement with the inversion results from Euler deconvolution of the analytic signal. 相似文献
17.
时间域激发极化法(Time-domain induced polarization method,简称为TDIP)已有的反演算法采用的是分步反演的思路,即先由视电阻率资料反演电阻率,固定电阻率再由视极化率资料反演极化率,这样就存在极化率结果严重依赖于电阻率反演结果的问题.为了有效解决这一问题,本文实现了TDIP二维数据空间分步反演算法,提出了基于交叉梯度约束的TDIP二维同步反演策略,实现了交叉梯度约束的电阻率和极化率二维同步反演算法.分别用电阻率和极化率结构一致和不一致的二维模型合成数据进行了分步和同步反演试算,对不同模型试算结果进行了对比分析.结果表明:对于电阻率和极化率结构一致和不一致模型,同步反演结果比分步反演结果能更好地确定异常体的空间分布范围,反演得到的电阻率和极化率值更接近真值.理论模型算例表明本文提出的同步反演算法有效解决了分步反演的问题,优于分步反演算法,具有更好的实用性. 相似文献
18.
V. V. Spichak 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2011,47(1):72-76
Possibilities for three-dimensional (3D) magnetotelluric (MT) sounding of local objects contained in the Earth’s crust are estimated in a case study of the magma chamber of the Vesuvius volcano. Stochastic inversion of the model MT data by the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method has shown that the most efficient approach is not simultaneous but successive estimation of the geometry and the depth of the anomaly and the assessment of the conductivity distribution within the anomalous region. A zone of equivalence is revealed between the a priori estimate of the depth of the anomalous zone and the a posteriori distribution of electric conductivity within it. Based on the present estimation and previous results, an algorithm for determination of the parameters of local crustal anomaly is proposed. 相似文献
19.
In previous publications, we presented a waveform-inversion algorithm for attenuation analysis in heterogeneous anisotropic media. However, waveform inversion requires an accurate estimate of the source wavelet, which is often difficult to obtain from field data. To address this problem, here we adopt a source-independent waveform-inversion algorithm that obviates the need for joint estimation of the source signal and attenuation coefficients. The key operations in that algorithm are the convolutions (1) of the observed wavefield with a reference trace from the modelled data and (2) of the modelled wavefield with a reference trace from the observed data. The influence of the source signature on attenuation estimation is mitigated by defining the objective function as the ℓ2-norm of the difference between the two convolved data sets. The inversion gradients for the medium parameters are similar to those for conventional waveform-inversion techniques, with the exception of the adjoint sources computed by convolution and cross-correlation operations. To make the source-independent inversion methodology more stable in the presence of velocity errors, we combine it with the local-similarity technique. The proposed algorithm is validated using transmission tests for a homogeneous transversely isotropic model with a vertical symmetry axis that contains a Gaussian anomaly in the shear-wave vertical attenuation coefficient. Then the method is applied to the inversion of reflection data for a modified transversely isotropic model from Hess. It should be noted that due to the increased nonlinearity of the inverse problem, the source-independent algorithm requires a more accurate initial model to obtain inversion results comparable to those produced by conventional waveform inversion with the actual wavelet. 相似文献
20.
传统反演算法以优化算法为主,而基于逆算子估计的AVO反演算法则利用了直接求逆的思路.算法的关键在于寻找存在逆函数的子域,进而可以在子域内直接求逆,这种解决反问题的思路不同于一般的优化类算法所采用的直接搜索解的方式,具有更高的效率.AVO反演利用了振幅随着偏移距的变化特征,反演的精度受到地震资料质量的影响,通过加入L1范数约束以及合理的初始模型有助于提高反演的稳定性以及准确度.模型测算和实际应用表明,基于逆算子估计的AVO反演方法具有较高的精确程度和可靠性. 相似文献