共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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提高地震剖面的信噪比和分辨率始终是地震数据处理中研究的重要内容.在动静校正后的同一道集内振幅和相位相同的假设条件下,地震叠加技术能明显提高资料的信噪比.实际资料中相位差问题是影响有效反射信号实现同相叠加的重要因素之一.相位校正技术能够消除子波的相位谱差异,使子波接近或达到零相位,从而达到提高叠加剖面质量的目的.对相位校正的国内外研究现状,影响相位变化的因素,相位校正的方法原理以及判别准则进行了系统的总结和概述.通过分析总结得出:随着勘探形势的发展,地震资料中的相位问题将越来越受到人们的关注和重视,对相位的研究也将成为今后的攻关课题和研究热点. 相似文献
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《中国科学D辑》2008,(Z1)
时移地震属性表征油藏参数动态变化机理研究是有效区分不同油藏参数变化,进行时移地震解释的理论基础,是时移地震实际应用的关键环节.从疏松砂岩油藏岩石物理研究出发,计算得到含油饱和度和有效压力变化引起纵、横波速度变化的明显差异.并以此为基础,通过解耦后的地震波动方程模型模拟,分析证明不同偏移距地震振幅对含油饱和度变化响应规律存在差异,分析得到油藏有效压力和含油饱和度变化时P-P反射波和P-S转换波叠前地震属性差异特征,对比分析了油藏有效压力和含油饱和度变化时的P-P反射波和P-S转换波AVO(Amplitude Versus Of fset,振幅随偏移距变化)属性变化规律和差异特征.理论模型研究结果证明了利用叠前时移地震信息(叠前地震属性和地震AVO信息)区分不同油藏参数动态变化的可行性和在有效提高时移地震资料解释精度方面的潜力.同时,研究也表明针对目标油田深入理解油藏参数变化的时移地震响应机理对制定有效的时移地震资料处理和解释方案十分重要. 相似文献
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由于地层的黏弹性和非均质性，地震波在传播过程中振幅衰减，相位畸变，导致地震资料分辨率和信噪比降低.反Q滤波是补偿地层衰减的一种常用方法.常规的反Q滤波方法的振幅补偿算子只与时间、频率有关，其振幅补偿频带范围、强度固定不变，不能够根据地震记录的自身特点灵活地进行振幅补偿.基于此，本文在广义稳定反Q滤波法的基础上，提出了一种改进的广义稳定反Q滤波方法.新方法提出了一种新的稳定因子，并通过参数p对振幅补偿算子进行了优化.其振幅补偿算子与地震资料信噪比、走时、频率、品质因子相适应，可以更加精确地对振幅进行补偿.理论数据测试和实际地震资料应用均表明，新方法在振幅补偿和噪声压制上优于广义稳定反Q滤波法，其处理后的地震资料振幅恢复保真度、分辨率和信噪比更高，对储层预测和精细解释工作具有重要意义. 相似文献
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复地震道分析又称三瞬分析,该分析方法可将反映地震信号局部变化情况的地震波的瞬时振幅、瞬时相位和瞬时频率等信息分离开.本文应用Hilbert变换求解虚地震记录,用复地震道分析方法求取"三瞬"信息,并用该方法计算了理论合成地震记录的瞬时振幅、瞬时相位和瞬时频率,获得了较好的效果.同时,本文也利用该方法对某区块实际地震资料进行了处理,结果表明,复地震道分析方法获得的"三瞬"信息可反映地震信号的局部变化,有助于进行地震薄互层分析,并能提高数据的解释精度. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2020,(4)
在过去十几年时间里,海洋宽频地震采集和配套处理技术取得了长足进展,在我国南海深水区已采集地震资料的频带宽度已达5个倍频程,低频信息可拓展至3 Hz,高频信息可达120 Hz.与常规地震数据相比,宽频地震数据中子波的波形特征有了明显变化,除了可以大幅提升地震资料的信噪比和改善中深层地震成像精度外,在地震属性计算过程中还有很多明显的优势.本文从瞬时振幅属性计算原理出发,通过模型对比分析了常规子波与宽频子波在瞬时振幅属性计算方面的差异及产生原因.分析表明,宽频地震数据可以有效降低瞬时振幅属性计算结果的误差,有效提高基于振幅属性进行储层刻画和储层物性参数预测的精度.最后,将该方法应用于南海深水区实际数据的对比中,进一步阐明了宽频地震数据在瞬时振幅属性计算方面的优势,有效支持了深水区勘探进程,取得了良好的应用效果. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2020,(4)
深反射地震勘探以其可靠性强和精度高的特点,一直作为深地探测的主要技术之一.其中分辨率又作为评价深反射地震勘探质量的关键指标之一,在理论研究及实际生产中都有着重要的意义.文章将深反射地震勘探中影响分辨率的主要因素划分为采集、地质、处理三方面,采集因素主要包括子波激发、空间采样率、接收及观测系统设计;地质因素则主要包括深部波阻抗变化、深部地质体尺度、浅部构造、吸收衰减等,针对以上因素人们提出了静校正、振幅恢复、反褶积、偏移等处理方法来提高深反射地震勘探的分辨率.本文阐述了影响深反射地震勘探分辨率的主要因素,并对提高深反射地震勘探分辨率的主要方法进行了总结与展望. 相似文献
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在时移地震技术的实际应用过程中，限于观测条件及处理流程等因素的影响，不同时期所获得的地震数据的一致性往往是较差的.这些不一致通常表现为地震资料在振幅、时间延迟、频率、相位等方面的差异.为了消除这些差异带来的影响，通常使用的方法就是进行时移地震的互均化处理，本文讨论了一种有效的时移地震互均化质量监控方法，用来评定时移资料的优劣，互均化结果的好坏，能够为时移地震可行性分析及互均化处理流程带来一定的帮助，同时可以起到很好的指导意义. 相似文献
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四维地震资料处理及其关键 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
四维地震利用时延三维地震资料的差异来解释地下储层流体的变化,时延地震资料的差异除了受地下储层流体因素的影响外,还受采集和处理因素的影响。为了尽可能的减少或消除由非储层因素所引起的差异,四维地震资料处理总的要求是相对振幅保持处理,高信噪比处理和一致性处理,一致性处理是四维地震资料特有的处理,其一般处理原则是：（１）调查影响四维地震资料非穗生的原因;（２）保持处理流程的一致性;（３）尽量保持相同的偏移 相似文献
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Deconvolution is an essential step for high-resolution imaging in seismic data processing. The frequency and phase of the seismic wavelet change through time during wave propagation as a consequence of seismic absorption. Therefore, wavelet estimation is the most vital step of deconvolution, which plays the main role in seismic processing and inversion. Gabor deconvolution is an effective method to eliminate attenuation effects. Since Gabor transform does not prepare the information about the phase, minimum-phase assumption is usually supposed to estimate the phase of the wavelet. This manner does not return the optimum response where the source wavelet would be dominantly a mixed phase. We used the kurtosis maximization algorithm to estimate the phase of the wavelet. First, we removed the attenuation effect in the Gabor domain and computed the amplitude spectrum of the source wavelet; then, we rotated the seismic trace with a constant phase to reach the maximum kurtosis. This procedure was repeated in moving windows to obtain the time-varying phase changes. After that, the propagating wavelet was generated to solve the inversion problem of the convolutional model. We showed that the assumption of minimum phase does not reflect a suitable response in the case of mixed-phase wavelets. Application of this algorithm on synthetic and real data shows that subtle reflectivity information could be recovered and vertical seismic resolution is significantly improved. 相似文献
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阻抗差异较大的地层在地震剖面上呈现为强振幅同相轴，会掩盖附近储层有效信息，需要做去除强屏蔽的目标处理。针对常规匹配追踪方法在构造复杂地区匹配精度和空间连续性不佳的问题，本文提出一种基于自适应权值的多道匹配追踪去强屏蔽方法。首先利用层位构造信息对强反射层进行局部拉平处理，减弱地层空间构造对提取强反射层的影响，然后引入相邻地震道与中心道之间的相关系数作为多道平均的权值，以提高匹配结果的稳定性和横向连续性。同时使用解释得到的层位时间作为子波初始时间，有效提高运算效率。模型试算和实际地震资料应用分析表明，改进方法能有效剥离强反射并突出有效储层信息，剥离后的井震吻合度得到明显提升，相较于常规匹配追踪算法匹配精度更高，同时具有更好的空间连续性与强反射去除效果。 相似文献
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为了满足岩性勘探的需要,苏里格地区开展了高密度地震采集方法.采集技术的进步极大的提高了地震记录的品质,同时对开展以岩性预测为目标的保幅处理提出了更高的要求.而叠前去噪作为室内去噪处理的主战场,在保幅处理中起到重要作用.本文针对苏里格地区地震资料干扰波类型多、背景噪音强的特点,采用多域多方法联合去噪思路,对叠前地震数据上的噪声采用分频压制线性及异常强能量干扰、自适应单频波衰减及高精度反假频去除多次波等保幅去噪方法.在提高信噪比的同时,达到保幅处理效果,提高了处理结果的可靠性,使钻井成功率大大提高,从而大幅度提高了苏里格气田的经济效益.该技术系列对国内其它低孔低渗致密砂岩油气藏研究同样具有借鉴意义. 相似文献
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Greater attention has been paid to vintage-merge processing of seismic data and extracting more valuable information by the geophysicist. A match filter is used within many important areas such as splicing seismic data, matching seismic data with different ages and sources, 4-D seismic monitoring, and so on. The traditional match filtering method is subject to many restrictions and is usually difficult to overcome the impact of noise. Based on the traditional match filter, we propose the wavelet domain L1 norm optimal matching filter. In this paper, two different types of seismic data are decomposed to the wavelet domain, different detailed effective information is extracted for L1-norm optimal matching, and ideal results are achieved. Based on the model test, we find that the L1 norm optimal matching filter attenuates the noise and the waveform, amplitude, and phase coherence of result signals are better than the conventional method. The field data test shows that, with our method, the seismic events in the filter results have better continuity which achieves the high precision seismic match requirements. 相似文献
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高分辨率地震资料可以达到更精细的井震标定结果,能更清晰地进行构造解释与储层刻画,同时对薄层具有更好的识别能力。为提高地震分辨率,需要对地震数据进行拓频处理。常规地震拓频方法通常在频率域进行,易受到高频噪音影响,降低资料可靠性。本文提出一种基于鬼波处理与多阶差分结合的时域拓频技术,仅通过原始地震道数次积分与差分运算便能拓宽地震频带,积分及差分结果在高斯窗口内进行振幅匹配以保证处理前后振幅一致性。与差分结果进行加权融合,高阶差分设置较小权值以避免高频噪声的影响,提高算法的抗噪性。本理论模型及实际地震资料处理分析结果表明,该方法能有效提高地震资料分辨率。 相似文献
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The analysis of prestack reflections may have a high diagnostic potential in the evaluation of the petrophysical characteristics of subsurface targets. However, the recovery of reliable seismic responses, especially when examining amplitude versus offset (AVO) variations, is of the utmost importance and is strictly dependent on the acquisition and processing steps. In order to evaluate the impact of different processing sequences, we examine the AVO responses of three seismic events from a marine data set. Borehole data indicate that these events are related to a lignitic sand, a gas sand and a cineritic bed. The AVO analysis is focused mainly on the reflections from the gas sand. In particular, we compare the results of a standard processing sequence with results from a surface-consistent approach and with results from a processing sequence tailored to this specific case. A decreasing AVO trend of the gas-sand reflection results from the analyses of data that have undergone the standard and the surface-consistent processing sequences. This contrasts with both theory and borehole information, which both predict an energy increase with offset. A detailed study shows that the receiver array attenuation, neglected in previous Studies, plays a major role in attenuating the far-offset reflections. Other propagation factors, such as offset-dependent geometrical spreading and Q absorption, produce only minor effects. Taking into account the above factors, we apply a third processing sequence whose impact on the AVO trend is evaluated step by step and whose results are compared with the previously applied sequences. This new sequence leads to better agreement between the AVOs predicted from borehole data and those measured on surface seismic data. 相似文献
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—The problems of recovering the seismic information contained in the old seismograms through their digitization and processing by computer methods are discussed. We present the main principles of a simple manual technique for digitization of early seismic records of the Wiechert seismograph. Detrending of the zero-line slope, circular arc removal, smoothing and interpolation treatment of the digital data are made. The accuracy of the digitizing process is assessed and its reliability is tested by a comparison with automatically obtained digital data and their spectral amplitudes. The deconvolution of the seismograph response has allowed us to obtain the time variation of ground motion which is then contrasted with direct measurements of ground motion displacement amplitudes given in the old-time bulletins. We have created a digital database for historical earthquakes which occurred in the Iberian area during the period 1912–1940 and recorded by the Wiechert seismograph at the Geophysical Observatory of Toledo, Spain. It contains the following output data the digitized original records; the geometrically corrected and interpolated data; the time variation of ground motion; maximum amplitudes and corresponding periods; total duration of the seismic oscillations and amplitude spectra. We carry out magnitude estimates and give formulae for magnitude classification based on the signal duration and on the maximum ground displacement amplitude. We also perform seismic moment determinations by spectral analysis of waveforms and propose a new seismic moment-magnitude relation. 相似文献