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对横向变速介质中振幅保真的共炮检距波场延拓方法进行了研究．在横向线性变速条件下,通过引入新的偏微分方程,给出了该介质中振幅保真的波场延拓方程．这一波场延拓方程是均匀介质中振幅保真延拓方程在横向线性变速介质中的推广．首先由线性变速介质中地震波射线的走时函数,证明了该延拓方程的运动学等价方程对横向线性变速介质中的所有炮检距和各种反射层倾角都适用．然后,通过对模型数据的计算并与传统的ＤＭＯ方法比较,证明了这一波场延拓方程能很好地保持波前的振幅特性,特别是能保持焦散点的波前的特性． 相似文献
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共反射面元（CRS）叠加是目前认为最好的生成零炮检距剖面的方式. 共反射面元 意指地下某一反射点邻近的一个反射弧段,该弧段在时空域内的走时响应称为CRS叠加面,该 叠加面可视为反射弧段上各共反射点（CRP）的时空域内走时响应的组合. 在一般的共反射 点走时关系基础上,引入两种特征波——Normal波和Normal Incidence Point波,就可以在 傍轴近似假设下,将CRP走时关系推广到反射点邻近的各反射点,将这些反射点的CRP走时关系 加以组合就得到了关于该反射点的共反射面元的走时关系. 考察从共反射点（CRP）到共反 射面元(CRS)的过渡,这一过程提供了CRS叠加的应用理论基础. 相似文献
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对于三维反射地震,文中将三维弯曲界面视为倾向和倾角变化的三维倾斜界面的包络,并依据三维倾斜界面反射提出计算三维弯曲界面P波反射时距的一种新方法。该方法基于倾角CDP理论,从界面反射点出发,给出地表CDP网格点,由检波点位置计算炮点位置,得到三维地震的炮点网格和检波点网格的分布关系,最终计算P波的三维反射时距。炮集数值模拟的结果表明,该方法有较高的计算效率,便于分析反射时距随炮点位置的变化,特别能揭示界面反射点位置和时距的关系。三维弯曲界面和三维倾斜界面的反射时距特征对比表明,仅从同一测线方位的时距难以将这两种类型的界面反射区分开来,但比较不同方位的时距差异可以解决这一问题。 相似文献
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地震反射走时拾取是反射走时层析成像的首要环节。本文提出一种基于共炮点域、共检波点域、共中心点域、共偏移距域的多域人机交互反射波走时拾取方法。通过分析地震记录在不同域的特征,选择最佳的域进行反射波同相轴的拾取,在人机交互的环境下采用人工和计算机相结合,提高拾取的准确度和效率。利用Qt语言编程实现了地震资料的多域显示及反射波走时多域人机交互拾取软件。合成地震记录和实际地震资料的走时拾取结果表明,该软件操作灵活方便,对复杂地震资料的反射波走时拾取取得良好效果。 相似文献
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为了实现三维倾斜界面真正的共反射点叠加,获得更加精确的P波速度模型,进行可靠的AVO/AVA分析,形成与三维多分量PS转换波共转换点道集配套的技术,在常速介质共反射点精确走时的基础上,推导并给出三维倾斜界面P波共反射点道集近似双曲时距关系及NMO速度;认识到近似时距在偏移距与深度比小于2时具有较高的拟合精度;指出P波共反射点道集NMO速度是P波速度、界面倾角、界面倾向和测线方位的函数,且随测线方位变化而呈现椭圆特征.与P波共中心点道集NMO速度不同.P波共反射点道集NMO速度小于介质速度.且随界面倾角增大而减小;椭圆长轴方向为倾斜界面走向方位,短轴方向为倾斜界面倾向方位. 相似文献
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本文以分层均匀"多层介质模型"为依据,正演模拟多炮人工地面地震记录.其观测方式为:三炮位置分别在1500m,2500m,3500m处;道检距25m,140道(或道检距5m,700道),偏移距1000 m.为提高地震反射层析成像的精度,运用"走时最小纵横波速度层析成像"与"波形基本解纵横波速度层析成像"相结合的方法,反演... 相似文献
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基于有关粗糙界面的Rayleigh假设，讨论了平面声波按余弦规律快速变化的小尺度粗糙界面上的反射特征.研究表明：这类界面与位于该位置的一个过渡地层的作用相当.该过渡层的厚度为粗糙界面的起伏幅度，速度和密度为上下两层介质相应量的平均值.研究了埋藏很深的微粗糙界面所引起的地震反射（绕射）波的频散特性和走时的构成，即包含零炮检距反射时间、正常时差和界面粗糙时差三部分内容.该粗糙时差与空间坐标和时间坐标无关，与绕射波的阶次有关，绕射波尾随在反射波之后以某一固定的时差出现.且只有当界面的粗糙波长与地震波的波长相当时，才能观测到这类绕射波.该结论为粗糙界面地震反射资料的处理方法提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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横向均匀介质可由若干水平分层足够好地逼近,本文引入零厚度层来描述成层介质,从而建立了回折波、反射波、首波和直达波统一的时距关系以及地震走时随模型参数变化的公式。本文详细讨论了水平分层介质里地震走时曲线的特征,合成地震走时的试验表明了由地震走时,用阻尼最小二乘法可以成功地反演速度模型参数,所反演的模型含有速度梯度层,也可以含有低速层。 相似文献
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The influence of sea water velocity variation on seismic traveltimes, ray paths, and amplitude 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The main factors affecting seismic exploration is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the medium. In the past, during marine seismic data processing, the propagation velocity of sea water was generally taken as a constant 1500 m/s. However, for deep water exploration, the sound velocity varies with the season, time, location, water depth, ocean currents, and etc.. It also results in a layered velocity distribution, so there is a difference of seismic traveltime, ray paths, and amplitude, which affect the migration imaging results if sea water propagation velocity is still taken as constant for the propagation wavefield. In this paper, we will start from an empirical equation of seismic wave velocity in seawater with changes of temperature, salinity, and depth, consider the variation of their values, build a seawater velocity model, and quantitatively analyze the impact of seawater velocity variation on seismic traveltime, ray paths, and amplitude in the seawater velocity model. 相似文献
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走时计算已广泛用于地震建模、成像及速度分析等诸方面．基于地震波场的Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ力学性质,本文探索应用适于Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ力学的计算方法──辛几何算法对地震射线 进行走时及路径的计算．利用辛几何算法和属于耗散算法的四阶 Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔｔａ算法进行射线 路径和走时的计算对比,结果表明这两类算法数值精度相当,但辛几何算法的速度却快了３ 倍．本文还利用二阶Ｅｕｌｅｒ型辛差分格式对Ｍａｒｍｏｕｓｉ模型进行了射线追踪计算,结果显示所 得射线具有良好的光滑性和较强的阴影区穿透能力． 相似文献
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We review the multifocusing method for traveltime moveout approximation of multicoverage seismic data. Multifocusing constructs the moveout based on two notional spherical waves at each source and receiver point, respectively. These two waves are mutually related by a focusing quantity. We clarify the role of this focusing quantity and emphasize that it is a function of the source and receiver location, rather than a fixed parameter for a given multicoverage gather. The focusing function can be designed to make the traveltime moveout exact in certain generic cases that have practical importance in seismic processing and interpretation. The case of a plane dipping reflector (planar multifocusing) has been the subject of all publications so far. We show that the focusing function can be generalized to other surfaces, most importantly to the spherical reflector (spherical multifocusing). At the same time, the generalization implies a simplification of the multifocusing method. The exact traveltime moveout on spherical surfaces is a very versatile and robust formula, which is valid for a wide range of offsets and locations of source and receiver, even on rugged topography. In two‐dimensional surveys, it depends on the same three parameters that are commonly used in planar multifocusing and the common‐reflection surface (CRS) stack method: the radii of curvature of the normal and normal‐incidence‐point waves and the emergence angle. In three dimensions the exact traveltime moveout on spherical surfaces depends on only one additional parameter, the inclination of the plane containing the source, receiver and reflection point. Comparison of the planar and spherical multifocusing with the CRS moveout expression for a range of reflectors with increasing curvature shows that the planar multifocusing can be remarkably accurate but the CRS becomes increasingly inaccurate. This can be attributed to the fact that the CRS formula is based on a Taylor expansion, whereas the multifocusing formulae are double‐square root formulae. As a result, planar and spherical multifocusing are better suited to model the moveout of diffracted waves. 相似文献
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射线追踪是地震波走时层析成像的基础，射线空间位置的准确性及射线走时的精度决定了层析成像的可靠性.本文根据哈密尔顿系统可以有效提高程函方程解稳定性的特性，采用辛几何算法（SAM-Symplectic Algorithm Method）及二维三次卷积插值技术进行地震波射线追踪.由于采用了SAM算法，保证了地震波波前精度，提高了射线空间位置的准确性.数值模拟结果表明SAM既能保证哈密尔顿系统的稳定性又具有运算速度快的特点，提高了射线追踪的计算精度. 相似文献
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横向各向同性介质是地球内部广泛分布的一种各向异性介质.针对这种介质，我们对各向同性介质的最小走时树走时模拟方法进行了推广，推广后的方法可适用于非均匀、对称轴任意倾斜的横向各向同性介质模型.为保证计算效率，最小走时树的构建采用了一种子波传播区域随地震波传播动态变化的改进算法.对于弱各向异性介质，我们使用了一种新的地震波群速度近似表示方法，该方法基于用射线角近似表示相角的思想，对3种地震波（qP, qSV和qSH）均有较好的精度.应用本文地震波走时模拟方法对均匀介质、横向非均匀介质模型进行了计算，并将后者结果与弹性波方程有限元方法的模拟结果进行了对比，结果表明两者符合得很好.本文方法可用于横向各向同性介质的深度偏移及地震层析成像的深入研究. 相似文献
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V.B. Piip 《Geophysical Prospecting》2001,49(4):461-482
A method using simple inversion of refraction traveltimes for the determination of 2D velocity and interface structure is presented. The method is applicable to data obtained from engineering seismics and from deep seismic investigations. The advantage of simple inversion, as opposed to ray‐tracing methods, is that it enables direct calculation of a 2D velocity distribution, including information about interfaces, thus eliminating the calculation of seismic rays at every step of the iteration process. The inversion method is based on a local approximation of the real velocity cross‐section by homogeneous functions of two coordinates. Homogeneous functions are very useful for the approximation of real geological media. Homogeneous velocity functions can include straight‐line seismic boundaries. The contour lines of homogeneous functions are arbitrary curves that are similar to one another. The traveltime curves recorded at the surface of media with homogeneous velocity functions are also similar to one another. This is true for both refraction and reflection traveltime curves. For two reverse traveltime curves, non‐linear transformations exist which continuously convert the direct traveltime curve to the reverse one and vice versa. This fact has enabled us to develop an automatic procedure for the identification of waves refracted at different seismic boundaries using reverse traveltime curves. Homogeneous functions of two coordinates can describe media where the velocity depends significantly on two coordinates. However, the rays and the traveltime fields corresponding to these velocity functions can be transformed to those for media where the velocity depends on one coordinate. The 2D inverse kinematic problem, i.e. the computation of an approximate homogeneous velocity function using the data from two reverse traveltime curves of the refracted first arrival, is thus resolved. Since the solution algorithm is stable, in the case of complex shooting geometry, the common‐velocity cross‐section can be constructed by applying a local approximation. This method enables the reconstruction of practically any arbitrary velocity function of two coordinates. The computer program, known as godograf , which is based on this theory, is a universal program for the interpretation of any system of refraction traveltime curves for any refraction method for both shallow and deep seismic studies of crust and mantle. Examples using synthetic data demonstrate the accuracy of the algorithm and its sensitivity to realistic noise levels. Inversions of the refraction traveltimes from the Salair ore deposit, the Moscow region and the Kamchatka volcano seismic profiles illustrate the methodology, practical considerations and capability of seismic imaging with the inversion method. 相似文献
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全球造山带及中国大陆中西部普遍具有强烈起伏的地形条件.复杂地形条件下的地壳结构成像问题像一面旗帜引领了当前矿产资源勘探和地球动力学研究的一个重要方向.深地震测深记录中反射波的有效探测深度可达全地壳乃至上地幔顶部,而初至波通常仅能探测上地壳浅部.为克服和弥补初至波探测深度的不足,本文基于前人对复杂地形条件下初至波成像的已有研究成果,采用数学变换手段将笛卡尔坐标系的不规则模型映射到曲线坐标系的规则模型,并将快速扫描方法与分区多步技术相结合,发展了反射波走时计算和射线追踪的方法.进而利用反射波走时反演,实现起伏地形下高精度的速度结构成像,从而为起伏地形下利用反射波数据高精度重建全地壳速度结构提供了一种全新方案.数值算例从正演计算精度、反演中初始模型依赖性、反演精度、纵横向分辨率以及抗噪性等方面验证了算法的正确性和可靠性. 相似文献