首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
许力生  张旭  张喆 《地球物理学报》1954,63(11):4012-4022
2020年6月23日15时29分04秒(UTC),在墨西哥南部瓦哈卡州发生了一次震级为MW7.4的地震,我们利用全球地震台网(GSN)和国际数字地震台网联盟(FDSN)台网的长周期和宽频带P波数据反演分析了这次地震的震源机制、震源时间函数以及时空破裂过程.根据反演结果,这次地震的矩心震中位于15.96°N,95.89°W,矩心深度约为22 km;地震持续15 s左右,释放地震矩1.24×1020 N·m,相当于矩震级MW7.4;破裂过程比较简单,仅有一个走向和倾向方向尺度相当的凹凸体错动,最大位错达8.1 m,位于21 km深处.凹凸体破裂主要沿断层的滑动方向呈双侧破裂,两个优势破裂方向在地表投影的方位分别位于60°和270°左右.综合构造背景、震源位置、余震分布、震源机制以及时空破裂过程,我们相信这次地震是发生在北美大陆板块和太平洋海底板块相互作用的结果.海底板块朝着大约60°左右的方位运动,以大约22°的倾角插入大陆板块,造成一个凹凸体错动,形成了这次地震.  相似文献   

2.
从全球数字地震台网的长周期记录中,选择了震中距小于90的27个台站的54个P波震相和44个S波震相资料.首先,用波形反演方法确定了2001年1月26日印度古杰拉特(Gujarat)MS7.8地震的地震矩张量、震源机制、震源时间函数和时空破裂过程等震源参数.通过矩张量反演,并根据Kutch Mainland断层的走向、地震烈度的空间分布、余震震源的空间分布和震害的空间分布,确认2001年1月26日印度古杰拉特MS7.8地震的发震断层的走向为92、倾角为58、滑动角为62,即一走向近东-西向、断层面向南倾斜、以逆冲为主的左旋-逆断层.这次地震所释放的地震矩为3.51020 Nm,矩震级MW=7.6.然后,借助合成地震图,采用频率域求谱商的方法,得到了依赖于台站方位的27个P波震源时间函数、22个S波震源时间函数以及平均的P波震源时间函数和S波震源时间函数.对震源时间函数的分析表明,这次地震是一次连续的破裂事件,开始比较急遽,但结束比较迟缓,总持续时间约19 s.最后,以所提取的P波和S波震源时间函数为资料,采用时间域的反演技术得到了断层面上滑动的时空分布.滑动量在断层面上的静态分布表明,断层面上的最大滑动量约为7 m.断层面上的最大应力降约为30 MPa,平均应力降约为7 MPa.滑动量大于0.5 m的区域在走向方向长85 km,在断层面倾斜方向宽约60 km(相应地,在深度方向约51 km).破裂向东扩展约50 km,向西扩展约35 km.滑动量大于0.5 m的区域的主要部分呈椭圆形,其长轴取向与断层滑动方向一致.表明此区域破裂扩展的方向即是断层错动的方向.这种现象对于走滑断层情形是多见的,但对逆冲断层情形却少见.断层面上初始破裂点以东、以上部分面积大于初始破裂点以西、以下部分的面积,这是破裂非对称性的表现,表明破裂具有自西向东、自下向上单侧破裂的特征.从滑动率随时空变化的快照可以看出,滑动率在第4 s达到最大值,此时滑动率约为0.2 m/s,滑动基本上发生在破裂起始点及其周围.从第6 s开始,起始点的破裂基本结束,破裂开始向外围扩展.破裂向西的扩展速度明显小于向东的扩展速度.在第15 s,这种环形的扩展基本结束.自16 s以后,主要是一些零星的破裂点分布在破裂区的外围.从滑动量随时空变化的快照看,破裂自起始点开始后,逐渐向四周扩展.主要的破裂(滑动量大于5 m的区域)在6~10 s,具有明显的自西向东、向上的单侧破裂特征.在第11~13 s,破裂的西端向西、向下有所扩展.整个破裂过程持续约19 s.在整个破裂过程中的平均破裂速度约为3.3 km/s.   相似文献   

3.
张旭  许力生 《地球物理学报》2015,58(6):1881-1890
以2015年4月26日MS7.1余震为经验格林函数事件,利用全国和全球的宽频带记录提取了2015年4月25日尼泊尔MS8.1地震的P波视震源时间函数和Rayleigh波视震源时间函数,并通过联合反演这些视震源时间函数获得了这次地震的时空破裂过程图像.无论是P波视震源时间函数还是Rayleigh波视震源时间函数都呈现出很强的方位依赖性,表明震源断层具有相当的尺度且破裂朝东南方向扩展.时空破裂过程图像清楚地证实了这一特征,并更清晰地显示,破裂几乎是纯粹的单侧破裂,从破裂起始点开始,沿断层面向东南方向扩展~100km,同时沿断层面向深部扩展~80km,形成~125°的破裂优势方向和~5.8m的最大位错.地震的破裂时间历史相对简单,呈非间断性扩展,持续时间约50s.  相似文献   

4.
2022年9月5日,在四川省甘孜州泸定县发生MS6.8地震.本研究收集区域台网震相数据、全球地震台网(GSN)、国际数字地震台网联盟(FDSN)与德国地学中心GEOFON台网的宽频带P波数据,利用双差定位、矩心矩张量解反演、有限断层波形反演和视震源时间函数分析等方法,分析了此次地震震源的基本特征.重定位结果显示,余震分布具有丛集性,3个地震丛分别集中在震中附近以及相距30 km左右的东南端和西北端,总体上西北端地震较浅,东南端地震较深.矩心矩张量反演表明,矩心位于29.55°N,102.14°E,深度16 km,释放地震矩1.0068×1019 N·m,相当于矩震级MW6.60,双力偶成分占88%,是一次近纯走滑的地震事件.结合余震分布可以断定,地震发生在走向163°、倾角77°(倾向西南),滑动角为-5°的断层面.有限断层反演显示,破裂区主要由两部分构成,破裂起始点及其周围是主要破裂区;另一破裂区位于其东南,总体表现为从西北向东南的单侧破裂,最大滑动量约1.4 m,位于起始破裂点附近.从矩心矩张量反演和有限断层反演得到...  相似文献   

5.
2021年5月21日云南大理州漾濞县发生了MS6.4 地震.我们利用区域地震台网记录的地震波形资料,首先采用多点源地震矩张量反演方法确定了漾濞地震序列中 3 次MS≥5.0地震的矩心矩张量解,分析研究了地震矩释放的最佳模型;然后对序列中较大地震进行了绝对定位,结合余震序列重新定位结果研究了地震矩心在断层面上的位置.结果显示MS5.6 前震可用2 点源模型模拟,矩震级分别为MW 5.3、MW5.1,矩心时间相隔约30 s,矩心位置相距约 2 km.MS 6.4 主震可用单点源模型模拟,矩心与起始破裂点平面距离约 5 km.前震和主震的矩心均位于地表以下 6 km处,矩心与起始破裂点的位置关系显示两地震向南东方向单侧破裂,断层以"前震-主震"型地震序列典型的"撤退式"方式破裂,MS5.6 前震的发生降低了断层面的抗剪强度,从而发生了更大的MS6.4 主震.MS5.2余震可用单点源模型模拟,起始破裂点与矩心空间位置相近,在地表以下约 10 km处.余震区构造应力场反演结果显示漾濞 6.4级地震序列属于区域应力场触发的地震活动,地震序列震源机制解符合走滑断裂伴生的负花状构造系统内部断裂的运动特征,余震的空间分布图像显示花状构造系统内部的两条断裂发生了地震活动.  相似文献   

6.
地震破裂时-空过程的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
我们以 1 990年 4月 2 6日在青海省共和县境内发生的 MS6.9地震及其强余震为例 ,利用中国数字化地震台网的长周期和宽频带波形资料 ,探讨了地震破裂时空过程的研究方法。首先 ,我们用频率域矩张量反演的方法 ,分别反演了 MS6.9的主震及其强余震的矩张量 ;然后 ,分别以几个余震作为经验格林函数 ,对MS6.9地震的长周期和宽频带记录进行反褶积 ,提取了 MS6.9地震的远场震源时间函数 ;最终 ,我们新发展了一种在时间域反演断层面上位错非均匀分布的方法 ,并用该方法分析了共和 MS6.9地震破裂的时空过程。1 长周期波形资料的反演关于 1 990年…  相似文献   

7.
2002年11月3日的迪纳利断层地震是阿拉斯加中部迄今为止记录到的最大内陆地震。该地震发生在迪纳利右旋走滑断层的弧形段上。从固定震源机制方面,采用P波初动极性和远震P波波形的反演来约束破裂过程。我们发现在破裂开始震源附近显著的反向分量的清晰证据。25 s之后,破裂沿走滑断层东侧蔓延,在震中以东约170km的一个凹凸体发生了最大的地震矩释放,并伴有长达8m的最大滑移。此次地震持续了120 s,破裂长度超过300km。与重力异常的相关表明,地震矩分布与地表岩石单元物理特性的关系可能说明在较弱的断层中段余震较少。  相似文献   

8.
应用中国数字地震台网(CDSN)记录的长周期体波波形数据,反演了1988年11月6日中国云南省澜沧-耿马MS7.6地震的矩张量,求得了其震源机制和震源时间过程.反演结果表明,断层面解的一个节面是右旋走滑断层,另一个节面是左旋走滑断层;震源时间过程较简单,持续时间约15 s;标量地震矩为6.41020 Nm.根据地质资料、区域构造、野外观测和余震震中分布,确认走向313的节面是地震断层面,主压应力轴位于几乎水平的南北向.   相似文献   

9.
用远场资料反演西藏玛尼地震的高阶地震矩张量   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
采用扩展震源模型测定出更多的震源参数 .我们把震源用高阶地震矩张量表示 .为了减少在高阶地震矩张量表达式中出现的大量项 ,采用了 Haskell断层模型 .利用 GSN台网 32个台站的宽频带体波资料 ,反演了西藏玛尼地震的震源参数 .通过实际计算表明 ,该震源是一个走滑断层 ,破裂方向 75°,断层面为=77°、δ=88°,λ=0°,辅助面为=347°、δ=90°、λ=1 78°,破裂持续时间为 1 9s,断层尺度为 47km× 2 8km.这些结果将为地球动力学研究提供新的定量资料 ,对于震源层析成像研究等有实际意义 .  相似文献   

10.
1994年9月16日台湾海峡地震及其构造背景研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
采用宽频带P波波形资料,利用全局反演方法,推断了1994年9月16日发生在台湾海峡的一次强烈地震的地震矩张量;并采用随机加权方法进行误差分析.结果表明,这次地震的矩张量解以双力偶成分为主,是断层面为EW走向的正倾错动.震源机制的张应力轴接近水平,SN走向;压应力轴几乎竖直.地震矩值为0.98×1019Nm.震源过程的持续时间仅有4s,震源时间函数显示了均匀的单一破裂事件.通过对台湾东南到吕宋岛以北地震带的震源性质分析,探讨了该地区产生SN向水平拉张应力状态的原因.  相似文献   

11.
In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment.  相似文献   

12.
The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (~6,000?km3) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ~270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New 40Ar–39Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high 3He/4He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized.  相似文献   

13.
Earthquake of November 30, 2004, in Podhale region, southern Poland, was of unexpectedly big size in this area of weak seismicity. As Poland is considered a country of low seismicity, the earthquake has caused concern about seismic hazard in Poland, especially since it took place shortly after the even more unexpected Kaliningrad Region, Russia, earthquakes of September 21, 2004, that inflicted minor damage in northern Poland. The paper presents the findings on the Podhale earthquake which reached macroseismic intensity up to 7 and magnitude 4.7 (m b ; ISC). The event was felt up to a distance of about 100 km and inflicted slight damage to buildings in its narrow epicentral area, thus evidencing its relatively shallow depth. The quake has been located near the village of Skrzypne, about 15 km west-southwest of the district capital Nowy Targ. The source mechanism has been found to be of dip slip normal fault type, although a problem remains of association of this mechanism with known tectonic dislocations in the region. The earthquake has been followed by a long series of aftershocks. Their distribution in time is also studied and the biggest aftershocks have been located.  相似文献   

14.
Drop calorimetry measurements between 900 and 1850 K are reported for amorphous anorthite, andesine, wollastonite, diopside, cordierite and pyrope. The isobaric heat capacities of the glassy and liquid phases of these materials, and the enthalpies of fusion of the minerals have been derived. The calorimetric entropies of fusion of these substances and of other oxide minerals are generally consistent with the calculated volume changes on melting and with the observed pressure dependences of the melting points. The thermodynamics of mixing of liquid plagioclases have been examined, and it is concluded that their enthalpies of mixing are markedly different from the values derived directly from solution calorimetry measurements at 985 K.  相似文献   

15.
In this study, we experimentally established the relationship between physical properties, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of coal, Taiyuan Formation, Qinshui Basin, China using representative coal samples collected from three different mines via the rock mechanics testing system (MTS). We analyzed the organic macerals, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of 11 coal samples using petrography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results suggest that (1) the elastic parameters can be described by linear equations, (2) both P-and S-wave velocities display anisotropy, (3) the anisotropy negatively correlates with vitrinite reflectance, and (4) the acoustic velocities and Young’s modulus are negatively correlated with the volume of micropores. The derived empirical equations can be used in the forward modeling and seismic inversion of physical properties of coal for improving the coal-bed methane (CBM) reservoir characterization.  相似文献   

16.
本文参照太阳黑子相对数特征建立了太阳黑子磁场磁性指数时间序列. 大气温度场谱分析结果显示,南北半球中纬度平流层和对流层大气温度场普遍存在22年变化周期. 分析认为,大气温度场的22年变化周期是太阳活动22年磁性周期所激发.  相似文献   

17.
18.
19.
The distribution of Ti, Zr, Y, Sr, K, P and Nb has been investigated at 55 sample sites within a single basaltic flow, the Cliefden Outcrop, which has adjusted to low-grade metamorphism of the prehnite-pumpellyite facies. The cluster of points in the plot of Ti, Zr and Y as proposed by Pearce and Cann shows that the ratio of these elements has remained relatively constant after metamorphism and would therefore have significance in attempts at classification of magma type. Likewise a plot involving Nb, Y, Zr and P as proposed by Floyd and Winchester shows only restricted scatter and appears useful. However, plots involving Sr or K show a scatter that is clearly related to metamorphic processes. Consequently, plots involving these two elements are likely to be of little use in classification in this case.Low-grade metamorphism is common, variable and not always recognized. The study concerned one style of alteration and revealed problems in the application of some classification schemes. Consequently it is apparent that much more rigorous testing is needed before classification schemes can be generally applied to sequences of basaltic rocks.  相似文献   

20.
A laboratory experiment was carried out in which the flocculation products, formed from the mixing of filtered (0.4 μm) river water and seawater, were analysed. This study established that Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Ni, Cd and Co have resolvable and well-defined estuarine chemistries. Copper, Ni, Mn and Co have salinity dependences of removal which are similar to those of dissolved Fe and humic acids. The amount of removal of the above trace metals increases between 0 and 15–18‰, after which little additional removal occurs. The extents of removal from river water are very different: Fe, 95%; Al, 20%; Cu, Ni, 40%; Co, 10%; Cd, 5% and Mn, 25–45%. The basic removal mechanism appears to be the estuarine flocculation of trace metals which exist, in part, in river water as colloids in association with colloidal humic acids and hydrous iron oxides. A qualitative model, based on this mechanism, supports the observations of this flocculation study.The results of this study give the most complete and consistent set of data presently available, from which to postulate the most important processes controlling the estuarine chemistry of trace metals. The generality of their behaviours still needs to be determined by future investigations.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号